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指物的非限定性关系从句实用英语语法简介
A 主格
用which,这里不用that:
That block,Which cost£5 million to build,has been empty fof years.
那个街区,就是花费了500万英镑建起来的那个,已经空置了多年了。
The 8∶15 train,which is usually very punctual,was late today.
8点15分的列车通常是正点的,今天晚点了。
口语中往往可能这么说:
That block cost£5 million to build and has been empty for years.
那个街区花费了500万英镑建成,已经空置了多年了。
This 8∶15 train is usually punctual,but It was late today.
8点15分的列车通常总是正点的,但是今天晚点了。
B 宾格
用which,这里不用that,而且which决不能省略:
She gave me this jumper,which she had knitted herself.
她送给我这件羊毛衫,这是她亲手织的。或:
She gave me this jumper;she had knitted it herself.These books,which you can get at any bookshop,will give you all the in- formation you need.
这几本书,你可以在任何书店买到的,会向你提供你所需要的一切资料。或:
These books will give you all the information you need.You can get them at any bookshop.
C 介词的宾语
介词位于which之前或者位于从句之后,但不那么正式:
Ashdown Forest,through which we’ll be driving,isn’t a forest any longer.
阿斯顿森林,我们即将驱车通过,已经不再是森林了。或:
Ashdown Forest,which we’ll be driving through,isn’t a forest any longer.
His house,for which he paid£10,000,is now worth£50,000.
他花了一万英镑买的房子,现在值五万英镑。或:
His house,which he paid£10,000 for,is now…
D 与短语动词连用的which
像下面的短语动词look after,look forward to,put up with(参见第三十八章)都应被看做一个整体,即介词/副词不应与动词分开:
This machine,which I have looked after for twenty years,is still working perfectly.
这台机器我已经照管了20年,现在仍然没一点儿毛病。
Your inefficiency,which we have put up with far too long,is beginning to annoy our customers.
我们对你的不称职容忍得太久,而顾客也开始对此感到不满意了。
E 所有格
用whose或of which。
whose一般用来指动物和事物,of which可以用来指物,但是
除在很正式的英语中之外,比较罕见。
His house,whose windows were all broken,was a depressing sight.
他的房子窗户无一完好,一派令人心酸的景象。
The car,whose handbrake wasn’t very reliable,began to slide backwards.
那辆车的手闸不太可靠,车开始向后滑动。
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