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鲁教版初一英语上册unit1重点语法总结
总结是对某一阶段的工作、学习或思想中的经验或情况进行分析研究的书面材料，它在我们的学习、工作中起到呈上启下的作用，快快来写一份总结吧。总结怎么写才是正确的呢？下面是小编收集整理的鲁教版初一英语上册unit1重点语法总结，希望对大家有所帮助。
重点语法
1.–他看起来长得怎么样?
--What does he look like?(有look，用does/do)
--他很高，而且他有短的卷头发。
--He is very tall,and he has short curly hair.
①同义句：
--What is he like?(只有like，用is)(用is，like翻译问“像”)
区别：
--What does he like?他喜欢什么?(用does，like翻译为“喜欢”)
②区别比较：
(1)他是中等高度/身材：
He is of medium height/build.(是of,前用be动词)
(2)他有中等高度/身材：
He has a medium height/build.(是a,前用have/has)
2.她有一点点胖：
She is a little bit/heavy.(heavy是形容词，前用be动词)
①一点点+形容词：a little/bit+形容词=alittle+形容词=abit+形容词;
②一点点+名词：a little+名词=a bit of+名词;
如：
His hair is a little long.=His hair is a bit long.
He can speak a little English.=He can speak a bit of English.
3.①They are talking about the tall boy with curly hair.(with翻译为“有着”)(句中已经有了动词talking about，表达“有着”不能再用动词has)
②比较：
The tall boy has curly hair.(无They are talking about,表达“有着”用动词has)
练：
(1)Jim lives in a small house_________(有着)an interesting garden.
(2)Do you remember John,a pop singer__________(戴着)funny glasses?
(3)Do you know the tall man_________(有着)a big nose?
4.她从不停止讲话：She never stop stalking.
①句型：停止做某事：stop doing sth
②句型：停下来去做某事：stop to do sth
练：
(1)Class is over.Lets stop___________(have)arest.
(2)The teacher is coming.Lets stop__________(talk).
(3)–I feel tired and sleepy.
–Whynotstop__________(relax)?
(4)Ifyou’retired,youcanstop_________(work).
(5)Stop_________(talk).Listen to me,please.
5.他不再戴眼镜了：He doesnt wear glasses any more.
词组：不再…：not…any more
词组：戴眼镜：wear glasses
穿一条红色的裙子：wear a red dress
穿着某种颜色的衣服：in+颜色
如：Do you know the boy in black?
6.没有人知道我：No body knows me.
语法：
some one,somebody,everyone,everybody,nobody均表示“三单”，与之搭配使用的动词也要变“三单”。
如：
(1)Everyone in my class__________(know)this smart teacher.
(2)Do you think everyone__________(enjoy)their weekends?
(3)Everyone in our class_______the weekend.
A.enjoysB.enjoyC.enjoyedD.enjoying
7.在七年级五班：in Class Five,Grade Seven(班级、年级、数字的“首字母”均需大写)
8.篮球队的队长：the cap tain of the basketball team(有of，需要倒翻)
①有“生命”的东西，表示“的”用s
如：He is my fathers friend.
②无“生命”的东西，表示“的”用of.
如：Here is a photo of my family.
形容人的“外貌特征”的名词和形容词
序号跟在be后(be+形容词)跟在have/has后(have/has+名词)
1是高的/矮的istall/short有长/短头发havelong/short hair
2是中等高度is of medium height有直/卷头发have straight/curly hair
3是胖的/瘦的is heavy/fat,thin有黑/黄头发have black/yellow hair
4是中等身材is of medium build have+长短+直卷+颜色+hair
5是长的/短的is long/short have a medium height/build来源
6是漂亮/丑陋的is beautiful/ugly have(two)big eyes
7是可爱的iscute有一张圆脸：have around face
10.受某人的欢迎：be popular with sb受欢迎的：popular对某人友好：
be friendly to sb友好的：friendly
11.讲笑话：tell a joke,tell jokes讲故事：tell stories开玩笑：play a joke,play jokes
开某人的玩笑：play jokes on sb
12.有一副新的面貌：have a new look
(此处的look作“名词”)
时间的表达法
(1)直读式，即直接读出时间数字
7: 05 sevenfive 8:16 eight sixteen
(2)过、差式，即几点差几分，几点过几分。(以30分为分界线)
1:25 twenty-five pastone 2:30 halfpast two
3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five
(3)12小时制
6:00 a.m.上午6点8:20 p.m.下午8点20分
(4)24小时制
13:00 13点钟22:15 22点15分
(5)15分可用quarter
4:15 a quarter pastfour 5:45 a quarter to six
(6)时间前通常用介词at
at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m.
二、关于时间的问法
(1)以when提问,“什么时候”可以是较长的时间段，也可以是较短的时间点，如：
①When is your birthday?你的生日是什么时候?
②My birthday is Dec. 29th.我的生日是12月29日。
这里就是指一天的时间段
①When do you go home?你几点回家?
②I go home at 4:30 p.m.我下午4：30回家.
这里when问的是具体的时间。
(2)具体几点我们通常用what time提问，如：
①What time is it now?/Whats the time now?现在几点了?
Its 9:26.现在九点二十六。
②What time is it by your watch?你手表几点了?
Its 8:36. Oh,Its50 minutes late. 8:36，哦，它慢了50分钟。
③What time do you get up?你几点起床?
I get up at 6:00 a.m.我早上6点起床。
短语归纳
1. post office邮局
2. police station警察局
3. pay phone付费电话
4. Bridge Street桥街
5. Center Street中心大街
6. Long Street长街
7. near here附近
8. across from在……对面
9. next to挨着，靠近
10. between…and…在……和……之间
11. in front of在……前面
12. excuse me劳驾
13. far from离……远
14. go along…沿着……走
15. turn right/left向右/左转
16. on the(或ones) right/left在(某人的)右边/左边
17. in my neighborhood在我的街区
18. look like看起来像
19. in life一生中
20. be free 免费的/有空的
用法集萃
1. Turn right / left at the +序数词+ crossing.在第几个路口向右/左转。
2. spend +时间/金钱+ on sth.花费时间/金钱在......
spend +时间/ +金钱(in) doing sth.花费时间/金钱做某事
3. watch sb. doing观看某人正在做某事
4. enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
典句必背
1. —Is there a hospital near here?这附近有医院吗?
—Yes,there is. Its on Bridge Street.是的，有。它在桥街上。
2. —Oh… wheres Center Street?噢……中心大街在哪里?
—Its not too far from here.它离这儿不太远。
3. Go along Long Street and its on the right.沿着长街走，它在右边。
4. Turn right at the first crossing.在第一个十字路口向右转。
初一英语知识重点
一、in the tree/ on the tree
in the tree与on the tree.译成中文均为"在树上"但英语中有区别。in the tree表示某人、某事(不属于树本身生长出的别的东西)落在树上，表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时，要使用on the tree.如：
There are some apples on the tree.那棵树上有些苹果。
There is a bird in the tree.那棵树上有只鸟。
二、 some/ any
(1)some和any既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两点需要
注意。
some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句和疑问句中。如：
There is some water in the glass.
Is there any water in the glass?
There isnt any water in the glass.
(2)在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中，或在表示请求，邀请的疑问句中，我们依然用some。如：
Would you like some tea?
三、tall/ high
(1)说人，动物，树木等有生命的东西，主要用tall，不用high，例如
a tall woman一个高个子妇女
a tall horse一个高大的马
(2)说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时，要用high，而不用tall，比如人站在桌子上时，飞机飞上天时，例如：
He is high up in the tree.他高高地爬在树上。
The plane is so high in the sky.飞机在空中这么高。
(3)指建筑物、山时要tall或high都可以，不过high的程度比tall高。
(4)high可作副词，tall不能。
(5)tall的反义词为short,high的反义词为low.
动词
一、 重点语法
1. 动词be（am,is,are）的用法：
be动词包括“am”, “is”, “are”三种形式。
①第一人称单数(I)配合am来用。句型解析析：I am+? 例句：I am Snoopy.
I am ten years old. I am a student. I am a boy.
②第二人称(You)配合are使用。句型解析：You are+? 例句：You are my good friend.
You are a good teacher. You are beautiful ③第三人称单数(He or She or It)配合is使用。句型解析：She(He, It) is +?? 例句：She is a good girl.
She is so tall. She is short. ④人称复数 (we /you/they)配合are使用。句型解析：We (You, They) are +?? 例句 We are in Class 5,Grade 7.
They are my friends. You are good students.
用法口诀：
我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。
对应练习：
一. 用括号中适当的词填空。
1. I ________(am, are, is) from Australia. 2. She _______ (am, are, is) a student.
3. Jane and Tom _________(am, is, are) my friends. 4. My parents _______ (am, is, are) very busy every day.
5. _______ (Are, Is, Do, Does) there a Chinese school in New York? 6. _______ (Be, Are, Were, Was) they excited when he heard the news? 7. There _____ (be) some glasses on it.
8. If he _____ (be) free tomorrow, he will go with us. 一、用be 动词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.
2. The girl______ Jacks sister. 3. The dog _______ tall and fat.
4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher. 5. ______ your brother in the classroom?
6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home. 7. How _______ your father?
8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school. 9. Whose dress ______ this? 10. Whose socks ______ they? 11. That ______ my red skirt. 12. Who ______ I?
13.The jeans ______ on the desk. 14.Here ______ a scarf for you.
15. Here ______ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves ______ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _____ for me. 19. Some tea ______ in the glass.
20. Gao shans shirt _______ over there.
第二课时（1）英语人称代词和物主代词
一、人称代词
表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：
人称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。
I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student, too. We/You/They are students.
人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。 Give it to me. Lets go (lets =let us)
二、物主代词
表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人称和数的变化见下表。
形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词
而名词性物主代词则相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,故其后不必加名词。如： Is this your book?
No,，it isnt， its hers(her book) This pen is mine.
代词练习（一）
一、选出括号中正确的词，在正确的词上打勾。
1. This is（my / I）mother. 2. Nice to meet （your / you）. 3. （He / His）name is Mark. 4. Whats（she / her）name? 5. Excuse（me / my / I）. 6. Are（your / you）Miss Li? 7. （I/ My）am Ben. 8. （She / Her）is my sister. 9. Fine , thank （your / you）. 10. How old is （he / his）
二、用所给代词的正确形式填空。
1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is _______( she ) sister. 3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister.
4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary.
5. Now _____________(her parent) are in America.
6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) fathers students. 7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name?
8. Mike and Tom __________ ( be ) friends. 9. Thanks for helping ________( I ).
10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher.
三、单项选择。
（ ）1. My family ____ a big family. My family ____all here.
A. is, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, is
（ ）2. This is __________.
A. a picture of family B. a picture of my family
C. a familys picture D. a family of my picture
（ ）3. Lets __________ good friends.
A. be B. are C. is D. am
（ ）4. Is she your aunt? Yes, __________.
A. shes B. her is C. she is D. he is
（ ）5. Are __________ coats yours? Yes, they are .
A. they B. these C. this D. there
（ ）6. Is that __________ uncle? No, it isnt
A. he B. she C. her D. hers
（ ）7. Mrs. Green is __________ grandmother. A. Jim and Kate B. Jim and Kates
C. Jims and Kates D. Jim and Kates’
（ ）8. Do you know the name _____Mr. Greens son?
A. in B. of C. on D. or
（ ）9. __________ the great photo of your family. A. thank for B. Thanks for
C. Thank for D. thanks for
（ ）10. Are those your friends? __________. A. Yes, they’re B. No, they are
C. Yes, they are D. Yes, those are
代词练习（二）
一、用适当的代词填空
1．We like ________ (he, his , him) very much. 2．Is this guitar ________ (you, your, yours)? 3．________(She, Her, Hers) name is Li Li.
4．Father bought a desk for ________ (I, my, me, mine). 5．________ (It, Its, Its) is very cold today. 6．Is this your book, Mike?
Yes ,________(we, you, they )are. 7．Are you and Tom classmates? Yes, ________(we, you ,they )are.
8．Each of the students ________( have, has) a pen pal. 9．He has a dog. I want to have ________(it, one ),too. 10．Her parents are ________ (both, all ,either )teachers.
11．The text is easy for you .There are ________( few, a few ,little,
a little) new words in it .
12．I want ________( some, any) bananas. Give me these big ________
(one, ones).
二、选择正确的答案
1．Is this ________ book?
A．you B．I C．she D．your
2．Its a bird. ________ name is Polly.
A．Its B．Its C．His D．It
3．Whats that ?________ a jeep.
A．its B．Its C．Its D．its
4．Whats that in English? ________.
A．Its egg B．Thats egg C．Its a egg D．Its an egg
5．Whose cat is this ? Is it yours? Is it a white _______? A．cats B．one C．ones D．cats
现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：
一)一般在后加ing。
如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。
如：dance-dancing,wake-waking（叫醒、醒来），take-taking（拿、取、接收），practice [pr?ktis实习、练习] -practicing,write-writing, have-having
三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母加一个辅音字母
要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。
如：put-putting, run-running,get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
注意：要除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)
四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。
如：tie-tying系（系领结）die-dying死lie-lying位于
名词
一、名词(n.) 表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词
(一)名词的分类
名词分为普通名词和专有名词,其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词可用作单数，也可用作复数。
可数名词包括个体名词(表示一类人或物的个体。如：boy,desk,cat,window)和集体名词(由若干
个体组成的集合体。如：family,class,police)。
不可数名词包括物质名词(表示无法分为个体的实物。如：water,paper,silk,money)和抽象名词(表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念。如：work,happiness,music,difficulty,housework)
专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等。如：Tom,the Great Wall,the Spring Festival,France,the United States)
(二)名词的数
1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种：
(1)一般情况下,在词尾加s.
eg.book——books,dog——dogs,pen——pens,boy——boys
以轻辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为[s]，以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为〔z〕。
(2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加es.
eg.beach——beaches,brush——brushes,bus——buses,box—boxes(es读音为〔iz〕
(3)以―辅音字母+y‖结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加es.
eg.city——cities,family——families,documentary——documentaries,country——countries,
strawberry——strawberries(ies读音为[iz])
(注：以―元音字母+y‖结尾的词，直接在词尾加-s.eg.boys,holidays,days)
(4)以o结尾的名词，变复数时情况如下：
①,.tomato—tomatoes,potato—potatoes, hero—heroes negro ——negroes mongo——mongoesp
②结尾是两个元音字母的加s,eg.zoo—zoos,radio——radios ③某些外来词变复数时词尾加s,eg. piano—pianos
④一些名词的缩写形式变复数时，词尾加s,
eg.photo(photograph)——photos,kilo(kilogram)kilos
⑤zero变复数时，既可加s,也可加 eg.zeros/zeroes
(5)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时,先把f或fe变为v,再加es.
eg.wife——wives,leaf leaves,half——halves,knife—knives,thief——thieves(res读音为[vz]
(注意：roof的复数为roofs; scarf的复数为scarfs/scarves)
(6)有些名词由单数变复数时，不是在词尾加s或es,而是变换其中的字
eg.man——men,woman——women,policeman——policemen,Englishman——Englishmen,Frenchman——Frenchmen, foot——feet, tooth——teeth,
child——children,mouse—mice,Ox—Oxen(公牛)
(7)还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。
eg.Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish
(8)另一些名词本身即是复数形式，不可用作单数。
eg,people,police,trousers,pants,clothes,scissors
另外,①当一个名词作定语说明另一个名词时，这个名词一般用单数。
eg.an apple tree,five apple trees,a girl friend,two girl friends,a twin sister 但是，当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时，就要用其复数形式。
eg.two men teachers,three women doctors
②可用―量词+of+名词复数‖这一结构表示可数名词的数量。
eg.a room Of students,two boxes Of pencils
2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式，它的―量‖的表示方式如下。
(1)表不定数量时,一般用much,(a)little,a lot of/lots of,some,any等词修饰。 eg,much money,a little bread
(2)表确定数量时,一般用―数词+量词+of+不可数名词。如：two/three/…+量词复数十of+不可数名词。
eg.a bag Of rice,two glasses Of milk,four bottles Of water
3.有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。
eg： fruit水果——fruits表示不同种类的水果;food食物——foods各种食品;fish鱼——fishes鱼的种类;drink饮料、酒——a drink一杯/一份饮料、一杯酒; cloth布——,a cloth桌布、抹布; sand沙——sands沙滩; tea茶——a tea一杯茶;chicken鸡肉——a chicken小鸡;orange橘汁——an orange橘子; glass玻璃——a glass玻璃杯,glasses眼镜; paper纸——a paper试卷、论文;wood木头——a wood小森林;room空间、余地——a room房间
(三)名词的所有格(表示人或物的所属关系)
(1)有生命的名词所有格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格。 ①不是以s结尾的名词变成所有格时，在词尾加s.
eg.Mikes watch;Womens Day
②以s结尾的名词变成所有格时,只加’。
eg.teachers’office,students’rooms
③两个或两个以上名词并列,表示共同所有，只需在最后一个名词后加s.
eg.Tom and Mikes room汤姆和迈克的房间(表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房) ④两个或两个以上名词并列，表示分别所有，需在几个名词后都加s.
eg.Marys and Jennys bikes玛丽和詹妮的自行车(表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车)
(2)无生命的事物的名词所有格常用of结构
eg.a map Of China,the beginning Of this game,the door Of the room
(3)特殊形式
①可用s和of短语表示的名词所有格
eg.the boys name=the nameOf the boy(男孩的名字)
the dogs legs=the legs of the dog(狗的腿)
Chinas population=the population Of China(中国的人口)
Chinas capital=the capital of China(中国的首都)
②双重所有格
eg.a fiendof my mothers我妈妈的一个朋友
a picture of Toms汤姆的一张图片
初中英语语法名词的知识点总结，希望对于同学们的英语学习有所帮助和裨益，祝大家的学习越来越好!
初中英语语法归纳：连词
初中英语学习最难的是语法，因为英语的语法跟汉语的语法有很大的不同。初中英语连词有很多种。下面为大家讲解一下初中英语连词的用法。
连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。
第一类表示并列关系的连词
并列连词：并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。
1) and 和
判断改错：
(错) They sat down and talk about something.
(错) They started to dance and sang.
(错) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.
(对) They sat down and talked about something.
(对) They started to dance and sing.
(对)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.
解析：
第一句： and 连接两个并列的谓语，所以 talk 应改为 talked。
第二句：and 连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to，因此sang 应改为 sing。
第三句：and 连接感观动词saw 后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisper应改为whispering。
注意：1. and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。(or也有此用法) Make up your mind, and youll get the chance.
= If you make up your mind, youll get the chance.
One more effort, and youll succeed.
= If you make one more effort, youll succeed
2, A and B 当表示整体或者指同一人时谓语动词用单数, 当and连接的单数名词前分别有each，every，many等词修饰时，谓语也用单数。
bread and butter a knife and fork
The mother and teacher is very strict with her son.
No teacher and no student is allowed to smoke in class.
3. and连接的是两个相同意思的词，表示―渐渐‖，或加强语气
Read it again and again
2) both …and 两者都
She plays (both) the piano and the guitar.
3) neither…nor 意思为"既不……也不……"谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。
Neither you nor he is to blame.
4) not only…but (also)不但······而且······
She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.
注意： not only… but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。 Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.
5) as well as 以及，也，与···同样
The teacher, as well as the students, is interested in the activity.
比较and和or
1) 并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。
2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点：
There is no air or water in the moon.
There is no air and no water on the moon.
在否定中并列结构用or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。
第二类表示选择关系的连词
1) or 意思为"或则"。
Which do you prefer, tea, coffee, or juice ?
2) either…or 意思为"或者……或者 ……"。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。 Either you or I am right.
3) or else/ otherwise 否则
Be silent, or else you will be kicked out.
I am tired, otherwise, I would play.
第三类表示转折或对比关系的连词
1) but 但是 He is rich but unhappy.
while 然而，表示对比意味 Some people love cats, while others hate them. yet 然而 She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time.
however 然而，可是，不过 She does not like him, however, I like him.
2) not…but… 意思为"不是 ……而是……"
not 和but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。
They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being. 第四类表因果关系的连词
1) for 因为，做并列连词使用时，是在对先行的句子补述原因或者理由，只可以连接句子与句子，通常不置于句首。
He is absent today, for he is ill.
2) so, therefore 因此
He hurt his leg, so he couldnt play in the game.
I think, therefore I am
3)then 那么，因而
Hide behind the wall, then they wont see you.
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