考研基础英语词汇

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考研基础英语词汇

　　考研备考期，除了背诵专业课和政治，英语词汇的积累也不能落下。为了帮助大家，小编分享了一些考研基础词汇，希望能帮到大家!

考研基础英语词汇

　　文化社会生活类

　　彩票 lottery ticket

　　保健食品 health-care food

　　暴发户 new rich; upstart

　　民工潮 farmer’s frenzied hunt for work in cities

　　下岗工人 laid-off workers

　　人口老龄化 aging/ graying population

　　人口高峰 baby boom

　　人口负增长 negative population growth

　　流动人口 moving population

　　收视率 viewing rate

　　售后服务 after-sale service

　　再就业工程 re-employment project

　　自由职业者 free lancer

　　性别歧视 sexual discrimination

　　性价比 cost performance

　　水货 smuggled goods

　　水土流失 soil erosion

　　文化渗透 cultural infiltration

　　跳槽 job-hopping

　　抢购 panic buying

　　甩卖 clearance sale

　　公益广告 public-interest advertisement

　　让利 offer discounts

　　出国热 craze for going abroad

　　社会福利制度 the social welfare system

　　享受公费医疗 enjoy public health care

　　世界卫生组织 World Health Organization (WHO)

　　黄昏恋 twilight love

　　贺岁片 New Year film

　　记者招待会 press/ news conference

　　卖淫 prostitute oneself and visit prostitutes

　　制造假钞 make the false notes

　　吸毒者 a drug addict

　　出售黄色录像 sell obscene video tapes

　　传销 pyramid-selling; multi-level marketing

　　环境法律医疗类等

　　温室效应 green-house effect

　　沙漠化 desertification

　　过度放牧 overgrazing

　　过度捕鱼 over-fishing

　　滥砍乱伐 clear-cutting

　　退耕还林 return cultivated land to forest

　　沙尘暴 sand storm

　　生态危机 ecological forest

　　破坏生态平衡 destroy / upset the ecological balance

　　自然保护区 nature reserve

　　环境绿化 environmental greening

　　禽流感 bird flu

　　疯牛病 mad cow disease/ BSE

　　口蹄疫 foot-and-mouth disease

　　非典 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

　　偷税﹑骗税 tax evasion and tax fraud

　　扫黄打非 eliminate pornography and illegal publications

　　严打斗争 strike-hard campaign

　　公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序

　　a new and rational new international political and economic order

　　外交纷争 diplomatic disputes

　　维护世界和平 safeguard world peace

　　国际惯例 international common practice

　　民族分裂主义 ethnic separatism

　　宗教极端主义 religious extremism

　　世界的基本格局 basic world pattern

　　教育与科学技术类

　　科技含量 technology content

　　科教兴国 rely on science, technology and education to rejuvenate the nation

　　可持续发展战略 strategy of sustainable development

　　工业园区 industrial park

　　技术密集型产品 technology-intensive product

　　新兴学科 new branch of science

　　边缘学科 frontier science

　　高速宽带互联网 high-speed broadband networks

　　电脑病毒 computer viruses

　　电子商务 e-commerce; e-business

　　黑客 hacker

　　数字地球 digital globe

　　局域网 local area network

　　人工智能 artificial intelligence

　　网上冲浪 web-surfing

　　网络世界 cyber world

　　网上犯罪 cyber crime

　　信息高速公路 information highland

　　网民 netizen

　　虚拟现实 virtual reality

　　克隆 cloning

　　基因工程 genetic engineering

　　转基因食品 genetically modified food

　　“神舟六号”载人飞船 manned spacecraft Shenzhou VI

　　掌上电脑 palm computer

　　主页 home page

　　语音信箱 voice mail

　　网络经济 cyber-economy

　　网虫 netter; Internet geek

　　网恋 cyber romance; virtual romance

　　高精尖技术 high-grade, high-precision, advanced technology

　　科技扶贫 support poor areas using technology

　　科研攻关 work towards key technological breakthroughs

　　自费研究生 self-supporting graduate student

　　委托培养 consign the training of personnel to a certain school

　　填鸭式教学 cramming method of teaching

　　启发式教学 heuristic education

　　复合型人才 interdisciplinary talent

　　论文答辩 thesis oral defense

　　素质教育 quality-oriented education

　　教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people

　　九年制义务教务教育 nine-year compulsory education

　　德智体美劳全面发展

　　all around development of moral, intellectual,physical,aesthetics and labor education

　　知识产权 intellectual property

　　因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude

　　硕博连读

　　a continuous academic program that involves postgraduate and doctoral study

　　双学位 double degree

　　双向选择 two-way selection

　　人才流失 brain drain

　　陶冶情操 cultivate one’s taste and temperament

　　学生减负 alleviate the burden on students

　　学术交流 academic exchanges

　　学科带头人 pace-setter in scientific research

　　德才兼备 have both political integrity and ability

　　攻读硕士学位 study for a doctoral degree

　　文科生 students of liberal arts

　　理科生 students of science

　　爱国主义教育 education in patriotism

　　择优录取 enroll the excellent students

　　毕业论文 graduation thesis

　　毕业设计 graduation project

　　义务教育 compulsory education

　　高等教育 higher education

　　选修课程 optional courses

　　主修课程 major courses

　　重点学科 key disciplinary areas

　　德智体全面发展的学生

　　students who are well developed morally, intellectually and physically

　　教育部 Ministry of Education

　　博士生导师 doctoral supervisors

　　世界观﹑人生观﹑价值观 word outlook, outlook on life and values

　　政治类

　　不正之风 bad / harmful practice

　　霸权主义 hegemonism

　　奔小康 strive for a better-off life

　　论资排辈 assign priority according to seniority

　　持续发展 sustainable development

　　重复建设 redundant project

　　大锅饭 egalitarian practice ( of everyone taking food from the same big pot)

　　多极化 multi-polarization

　　科学技术是第一生产力 Science and technology are the primary productive force.

　　机构臃肿 overstaffing in organization

　　机构改革 institutional restructuring; streamlining

　　反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government

　　窗口行业 service trade

　　核心竞争力 core competitiveness

　　减员增效 downsizing of staff and improving efficiency

　　减轻农民负担 reduce farmer’s burdens; lighten the burden on them

　　跨越式发展 great-leap-forward development

　　跨世纪发展 trans-century project

　　民主集中制 democratic centralism

　　讲诚信﹑反欺诈 honor credibility and oppose cheating

　　强权外交 power diplomacy

　　人浮于事 overstaffing

　　侵吞公款 embezzle public funds

　　群带关系 networking through petticoat influence

　　求同存异 seek common ground on major issues while shelving differences on minor ones

　　滥用权力 abuse one’s power; misuse one’s authority

　　廉政建设 build a clean and honest government

　　三步走战略 the three-step development strategy

　　三讲教育 three emphases education—emphasize theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct

　　三峡工程 Three gorges project

　　贪腐腐化 corruption and degeneration

　　思想僵硬 fossilized concept

　　西部开发 the development of China’s west

　　发展是硬道理 Development is an invariable truth

　　坚持四项基本原则 uphold the four cardinal principles

　　地方保护主义 regional protectionism

　　拜金主义 money worship

　　贿赂 give and take bribery

　　走后门 get in by the back door / enter by the back door

　　和平演变 peaceful evolution

　　贪脏枉法 take bribes and bend the law

　　贪腐 abusing power for money

　　拉关系 try to establish a relationship with sb.

　　权钱交易 trading power for money

　　扫黄运动 anti-pornography campaign

　　公款吃喝 enjoy banquet on public funds

　　“一国两制”的原则 the principle of “one country, two systems:”

　　两大主题 two principle themes

　　坚持一个中国立场 stick to one-China position

　　全国人民代表大会 National People’s Congress

　　与国际接轨 synchronize with the world; accord with international norms

　　社会主义物质文明 socialist material wellbeing

　　社会主义精神文明 socialist culture and ideology

　　实现中华民族伟大复兴 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation

　　歪风邪气 unhealthy practices and evil phenomena

　　温暖工程 adequate food and clothing program

　　知识产权 intellectual property right

　　综合国力 comprehensive national strength

　　最低生活保障制度 systems for ensuring a minimum standard of living

　　政企分开 separate government functions from enterprise management

　　与时俱进 keep pace with the times

　　闲置人员 idle hand

　　养老保险 endowment insurance

　　以经济建设为中心 focus on the central task of economic construction

　　下岗职工基本生活费 subsistence allowance for laid-off workers

　　世界观﹑人生观﹑价值观 world outlook, outlook on life and values

　　实事求是 seek truth from facts

　　试点工程 pilot project

　　政府廉洁高效 clean and efficient government

　　战略伙伴关系 strategic partnership

　　经济贸易类

　　改革产业结构 reform the structure of industries

　　亏损企业 loss-making enterprises

　　搞活企业 enliven enterprises

　　加快现代化步伐 quicken the modernization drive

　　跨国公司 transnational corporation / multinational corporation

　　乡镇企业 township enterprises

　　国有企业 state-owned enterprises

　　合资企业 joint ventures

　　解放生产力 emancipate/ liberate productivity

　　振兴国家经济 invigorate our state economy

　　实行股份制 introduce the shareholding system

　　全面深化改革 deepen reform all round

　　提高经济效益 improve economic results

　　增进效益 increase economic returns

　　宏观经济调控 macro-economic control and management

　　经济实力 economic strength

　　经济转轨 economic transformation

　　经营机制 operative mechanism

　　整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order

　　引进竞争机制 introduce a competitive mechanism

　　建立技术密集型企业 set up technologically-intensive enterprises

　　招商引资 canvass business and introduce investment

　　房地产 real estate

　　经济特区 special economic zone

　　基础设施 infrastructure facilities

　　劣质工程 jerry-built projects

　　投资热点 investment hot spot

　　外向型经济 export-oriented economy

　　按劳分配 distribute according to the work performance

　　打破平均主义 break / abandon equalitarian

　　沿海开放城市 open coastal cities

　　保税区 bonded zone/ area

　　金融改革 banking system

　　国民生产总值 Gross National Product

　　扶贫项目 anti-poverty project

　　下海经商 plunge into the private business

　　协调发展 coordinate the development

　　住房改革 housing reform

　　社会保障体系 social security system

　　数字时代 digital times

　　信息高速公路 the information superhighway

　　虚拟社区 virtual communities

　　“菜蓝子”工程 the “shopping-basket” project ( the non-staple food project)

　　拳头产品 knock-out products/ competitive products

　　市场萧条 slack market

　　中国质量万里行 China’s Long March to Quality campaign

　　冒牌产品 fake brand-name products

　　假冒伪劣商品 fake and poor quality commodities

　　谋取暴力 reap colossal profits

　　提出索赔 lodge a claim

　　投诉 lodge complaint

　　贸易争端 trade disputes

　　乱收费 random charges

　　市场疲软 sluggish market

　　55 .贸易顺差 favorable trade balance

　　贸易逆差 unfavorable trade balance

　　实行优惠政策 launch a preferential policy

　　繁荣市场 flourish the market

　　加入世贸组织 accession to the WTO/ entry into the WTO

　　最惠国待遇 Most-Favored-Nation treatment

　　消费者协会 consumer’s association

　　消费者购买力 consumer purchasing power

　　新兴市场 emerging market

　　抑制消费 control / inhibit consumption

　　无形资产 intangible assets

　　有形资产 tangible assets

　　市场占有率 market share

　　严重违约 grave breach of contract

　　泡沫经济 bubble economy

　　品牌效应 brand effect

　　企业重组 reshuffle of enterprises

　　贸易壁垒 trade barrier

　　人才流失 brain drain

　　清理“三角债” break up the debt chain

　　企业文化 corporate culture

　　商业炒作 commercial speculation

　　扩大内需，刺激消费 expand domestic demand and consumption

　　拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth

　　连锁反应 chain reaction / domino effect

　　竞争优势 competitive edge

　　经济结构调整 economic restructuring

　　经济增长点 economic growth point ; growth engine

　　经济过热 overheated economy

　　经济滑坡 economic downturn

　　集约化经营 intensive management

　　灰色收入 gray income

　　福利分房 welfare-oriented public housing distribution system

　　分期付款 installment payment

　　从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy

　　按揭购房 buy a house on a mortgage ; mortgage a house

　　边际效益 marginal benefit

　　不良贷款 non-performing loan

　　裁减冗员 lay off redundant staff; cut down on overstaffing

　　物品更新换代 upgrade of products

　　创业园 high-tech business incubator; pioneer park

　　促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy

　　家庭联产承包责任制 household contract responsibility system

　　人才战 competition for talented people

　　脱贫致富 shake/cast off poverty and set out a road to prosperity

　　资源优化配置 optimizing the allocation of resources

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