2016托福写作素材之围棋人机大战谁输谁赢

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2016托福写作素材之围棋人机大战谁输谁赢

　　You would be nervous if you were representing the human race against a very clever machine. Lee Se-dol, the world champion at Go is due to play a computer with a programme devised by Google.

　　你若是要代表人类和聪明的机器一决胜负，你也会惴惴不安。李世石是世界围棋冠军，他将和一台电脑对决，这台电脑的程序由谷歌公司设计。

　　Mr Lee is the reigning human champion of the planet. "Playing against a machine is very different from an actual human opponent," the world's Number 1 told the BBC. "Normally, you can sense your opponent's breathing, their energy. And lots of times you make decisions which are dependent on the physical reactions of the person you're playing against. "

　　李先生是全人类围棋之王。“和机器对决与和真人下棋大不一样，”这位世界冠军对BBC如是说。"通常情况下，你可以感知到你对手的呼吸和能量。很多情况下，你根据你对手的生理反应来做决定。"

　　At the opening move in chess there are 20 possible moves. In Go, the first player has 361 possible moves. This wide latitude of choice continues throughout the game.At each move the opposing player must rethink his own plan of attack. Self-discipline is a major factor in success at this game.

　　国际象棋开局有二十种走法，而围棋里则有361种走法，每一局每一步的走法都如此有花样可循。每走一步，对手都必须重新思考如何反击。要想赢得这类比赛，自我规范是主要因素。

　　The number of permutations in a game of Go is greater than the number of atoms in the universe, so it can't be solved by algorithms that search exhaustively for the best move. For this reason, it's not just a matter of the cold calculus of a computer working out permutations.

　　一盘围棋所含的排列组合之多远胜于宇宙中原子数量，所以并不能穷尽搜索靠对数找到最佳的一步。因而，这不单单是冰冷的微积分，靠计算机算出排列组合。

　　Go was invented by the Chinese 2,500 years ago or thereabouts.It's about controlling territory on the board as opposed to chess which is about capturing the king. Both are too complex for a computer to predict every move with utter certainty, through the force of computing power. Computers - like humans - have to assess.

　　约摸2500年之前，中国人发明了围棋。围棋是要在棋盘上控制国土疆域，而国际象棋是要擒获国王。两者要让电脑单单靠计算的威力精确预测出每一步的走法实在是复杂。计算机和人类一样需要存取数据。

　　AlphaGo worked out which positions were likely to be winning ones, and then - and this is the master-stroke - it played itself repeatedly to improve its own play. So, this tournament between man and machine feels like a contest for the supremacy of the future.

　　阿尔法围棋算出了哪几步走法最有可能取胜，这便是大师手法，反复验证提高棋艺。所以，此次人机锦标赛便是场谁主宰未来的竞赛。

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