2017托福试题优秀文章阅读

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2017托福试题优秀文章阅读

　　导语：复习托福，不一定只有做题，多阅读试题中的优秀文章，也可以从中学习到东西的。

2017托福试题优秀文章阅读

　　Passage One

　　Borscht, which is sometimes also spelled borsch andborshch, is a lovely vegetable soup that is almost always made with beets. The use of beets in this soup lend the dish a vibrant red color. There are some versions of borscht made without beets. There is an orange borscht, which is made with tomatoes, and a green borscht, which has a sorrel base. However, beet borscht is the most common form of this soup.

　　Borscht is a very common dish in Germany and Eastern Europe. It is believed that the soup was originally created in the Ukraine and then shared with nearby countries. Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe brought borscht to the United States. Although it is not as popular as chicken noodle or tomato soups, borscht is common in the United States, especially in areas with large Jewish communities.

　　Beet borscht can be prepared and served in two distinct ways: hot and cold. Hot borscht is a veryhearty soup that includes many vegetables in addition to beets. Vegetables in hot borscht may include cabbage, cucumber, beans, mushrooms, onions, potatoes, and tomatoes. Hot borscht might also be made with meats such as chicken, pork, or beef. Of course, in the Jewish tradition, borscht is never made with pork. Hot borscht is generally more like stew than soup and is often served with dark bread.

　　Cold borscht is common to the culinary traditions of Ashkenazi Jews. Cold borscht is much thinner than hot borscht and is almost always vegetarian. It is a sweet soup made of beets, onion, a bit of sugar, and lemon juice. Cold borscht is often garnished with adollop of sour cream at the center of the bowl.

　　Cold borscht is the most common type of borscht served in the United States, because it was this type of borscht that Jewish immigrants brought with them. Borscht is most common on the east coast, especially in New York. In fact, in New York City, there are dozens of diners that serve homemade borscht. If you happen to find yourself in the Big Apple with ahankering for delicious borscht, be sure to take yourself to the Carnegie Deli. While the Carnegie Deli is famous for its triple-decker sandwiches and celebrity clientele, it also serves some of the best borscht in the country.

　　罗宋汤(Borscht)，有时也拼作borsch和borshch，是一种美味的蔬菜汤，大多数情况下是用甜菜煮成。甜菜让这种汤呈现出一种鲜亮的红色。也有一些版本的罗宋汤不使用甜菜：比如用番茄可以做出橙色的罗宋汤，还有一种绿色的用酸模做成的罗宋汤。但甜菜罗宋汤是最常见的一种。

　　罗宋汤在德国和东欧很常见的菜肴。据说这种汤起源于乌克兰，后来传到邻国，来自东欧的犹太移民又将它带到了美国。尽管罗宋汤在美国不像鸡汤面条和番茄汤一样受欢迎，但它很常见，尤其是在犹太人聚居的.大型社区。

　　甜菜罗宋汤有冷、热两种不同的烹饪装盘方式。热罗宋汤很是丰盛美味，除了甜菜外，还会加入许多蔬菜，包洋括白菜、黄瓜、豆类、蘑菇、洋葱、土豆和番茄。热罗宋汤也可以加入诸如鸡肉、猪肉或牛肉等肉类。当然，在犹太人的传统中，罗宋汤是从来不放猪肉的。热罗宋汤通常看起来更像炖菜而不是汤，而且常和黑面包一起搭配食用。

　　冷罗宋汤在德系犹太人的烹饪传统中较常见。冷罗宋汤比热罗宋汤更清淡，而且几乎只有蔬菜。它是用甜菜、洋葱、少许糖和柠檬汁做成的一种甜汤，通常会在碗中间放一块酸奶油作装饰。

　　冷罗宋汤是美国最常见的一种罗宋汤，因为最初犹太移民带来的就是这种。罗宋汤在东海岸很普遍，尤其在纽约。事实上，在纽约市，有几十家餐馆供应自家所制的罗宋汤。如果你恰好在大苹果(纽约的别称)寻觅美味的罗宋汤，一定要去卡内基熟食店。卡内基熟食店以它的三层三明治和名人主顾而闻名遐迩，那里也供应全美最美味的罗宋汤。

　　冬天是喝汤的季节，在寒冷的冬夜，喝一碗热乎乎的罗宋汤是保暖的好方法。它会温暖你的心灵和身体，带来更多乐观向上的劲头。

　　Vocabulary:

　　dollop: 一团，一块

　　garnish: 加饰菜于(菜肴)

　　hankering: 渴望，切望

　　hearty: 丰盛的，营养丰富的

　　sorrel: 酸模，属植物

　　Passage Two

　　阿凡达疗法，是科学家受阿凡达的“化身”技术启发，将虚拟现实用在抑郁症治疗上的一种新型技术。技术的关键是让患者把一个虚拟的自己当成自己的“化身”，让虚拟成人安慰自己，从而摆脱抑郁症的困扰。

　　Patients wore a virtual reality headset to see from the perspective of a life-size 'avatar' or virtual body. Seeing this virtual body in a mirror moving in the same way as their own body typically produces the illusion that this is their own body. This is called 'embodiment'.

　　患者头戴一个虚拟现实头盔后，可看到一个与自己大小一样并动作同步的虚拟形象，会把这个形象看做自己的“化身”，以他/她的`视角来看待外物。

　　While embodied in an adult avatar, participants were trained to express compassion towards a distressed virtual child.

　　在“化身”为成人阿凡达后，。研究人员让患者通过这个“化身”安慰一个虚拟出来的悲伤男孩，

　　As they talked to the child it appeared to gradually stop crying and respond positively to the compassion.

　　在患者与这名男孩交谈后，男孩逐渐不再哭泣，对安慰作出积极回应。

　　After a few minutes the patients were embodied in the virtual child and saw the adult avatar deliver their own compassionate words and gestures to them.

　　几分钟后，研究人员让患者把这个虚拟男孩当做自己的“化身”，让虚拟成人安慰虚拟男孩。

　　This brief eight-minute scenario was repeated three times at weekly intervals, and patients were followed up a month later. Of the 15 participants, nine reported reduced depressive symptoms a month after the therapy.

　　这个过程持续8分钟，每星期重复3次。一个月后，9名患者症状减轻，其中4名显著减轻。

　　Virtual reality has also previously been used to treat psychological disorders including phobias and post-traumatic stress disorder, but this research focused on a new application for promoting emotional well-being.

　　虚拟现实技术此前已被用于治疗多种心理障碍，如恐惧症、创伤后应激障碍等，但此次研究聚焦于改善患者心理健康这一新领域。

　　Passage Three

　　Website uses an algorithm to predict when you will find The One (or whether you're destined to stay single).

　　有一个网站能利用某种算法来预测：你什么时候才能找到另一半(或者你注定只能单身一辈子了)。

　　It's a dilemma that many young couples will relate to - whether to stay in their relationship, settle down, or keep their options open by playing the field.

　　很多小情侣都面对着这样的两难抉择—到底是去领回红本本，让感情稳定下来，还是继续就这么处着，骑“驴”找“马”。

　　And now a new personality test claims to have found the answer, in the form of a complicated algorithm based on science, data, and a very detailed questionnaire.

　　如今，一种新的性格测试声称，它利用科学方法、各种数据和一个非常细化的问卷调查，推导出了一个复杂的算法——这个算法能帮你找到答案。

　　Nanaya.co was set up by Rashied Amini, a former NASA systems engineer from Saint Louis, Missouri, in a bid to prove to his then-girlfriend that they should stay together.

　　该网站(Nanaya.co)由来自密苏里州圣路易斯的莱士德·阿米尼创建，他曾是美国宇航局(NASA)的系统工程师。他建这个网站的最初目的，是为了向他当时的女友证明，他们应该继续待在一起。

　　Although the pair eventually went their separate ways, Rashied insists that his method can predict your chances of finding your soulmate, when you should settle down, and even how happy you will be in a future relationship.

　　虽然最终他们还是分手了，但莱士德坚持认为，他的方法能帮人们预测找到另一半的几率有多大、什么时候感情可以稳定下来，甚至还能预测你在未来的那段感情中会有多幸福。

　　The findings are based on a variety of factors, from your values, future goals and deal-breakers in a relationship, to your personal experiences of being single.

　　最终结果将由一系列的影响因素得来，包括你的价值观、未来目标、处理感情的方式以及你单身时的个人经历。

　　It also compares your responses to data from the 22,000 other users who have apparently already filled in the questionnaire, to make the results as accurate as possible.

　　你的问卷还将与另外2.2万个参与者的回答问卷进行比较，以便得到更精确的预测结果。

　　Rashied says the site is aimed at people in their 20s or 30s who are wondering whether they'd be happier being single or committing to a long-term relationship.

　　莱士德说，他的网站将20多岁和30多岁的.人作为目标主体，想了解他们在单身时更快乐还是在恋爱时更快乐。

　　The 20-minute questionnaire covers everything from your friends and social life to your job, annual salary, and how many times a year you go travelling. It asks what you look for - and try to avoid - in a potential partner, whether that's their religion or dietary requirements.

　　回答一份调查问卷大概需要20分钟，其中的问题涵盖了生活的各方面，从你的朋友、社交生活，到你的工作、年薪，以及你一年有几次旅行。里面还问到你对另一半的要求是什么(加分项，减分项)，与他们的宗教信仰、饮食习惯是否有关。

　　Broken up into four sections - you, your match, your life, and final questions - it requires more than 100 responses, including your favourite animal out of a cat, dog, shrimp and monkey.

　　问卷分为四个部分：你、你的另一半、你的生活和终极问题——共100多个问题，比如在猫、狗、虾和猴子这几个选项中，选出你最喜欢的动物。

　　But can an algorithm really predict your future happiness?

　　但仅仅是一个算法而已，它真的能预测人们未来的幸福吗?

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