2018专四必看语法:名词性从句
名词性从句指在一个句子中起名词作用的主谓结构,它可以在主从复合句中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。名词性从句的语序为陈述语序。下面主要介绍一下考查较多的同位语从句和宾语从句。
1同位语从句
1) 能接同位语从句的名词主要有: answer, belief, certainty, concept, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, evidence, explanation, fact, hope, idea, impression, information, knowledge, problem, promise, statement, suggestion, thought, probability, 同位语从句多由that引导,疑问代词who, which, what和疑问副词where, when, how, why也可以引导。
2) 在on the assumption that, on condition that, despite the fact that, on the understanding that等结构中,也可以用同位语从句。
2宾语从句
1) 宾语从句的`主要引导词有that,还有连接代词或连接副词,如what, which, where, how, why, 以及连词whether(if)。
2) whatever, whichever, whoever引导的宾语从句,例如:
I’ll do whatever you want (me to). 你要我做什么我就做什么。
3) 在in, but, except等少数几个介词后可以接that引导的宾语从句,且已经成为固定搭配,例如:
This paper is perfect except that there are some misspellings. 除了有几处拼写错误以外,这篇论文写得十分完美。
4) “be+形容词”后接从句
这类形容词有afraid, sorry, sure, glad, disappointed, delighted等。这类从句在概念上接近宾语从句,在结构上接近状语,例如:
I am afraid I have made a serious mistake. 我恐怕犯了个严重的错误。
I’m not sure whether he still works there. 我不能肯定他是否还在那里工作。