2016年下半年公共英语一级基础阅读练习题汇总
下面是关于2016年下半年公共英语一级基础阅读练习题，希望对备考下半年公共英语一级的同学有用。
练习一：On the President‘s Program
President Arling has put his long awaited economic restructuring program before the Congress. It provides a coordinated program of investment credits， research grants， education reforms， and tax changes designed to make American industry more competitive. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment， lack of growth， and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years.
The most liberal wing of the President‘s party has called for stronger and more direct action. They want an incomes policy to check inflation while federal financing helps rebuild industry behind a wall of protective tariffs.
The Republicans， however， decry even the modest， graduated tax increases in the President‘s program. They want tax cuts and more open market. They say if federal money has to be injected into the economy， let it through defence spending.
Both these alternatives ignore the unique nature of the economic problem before us. It is not simply a matter of markets or financing. The new technology allows vastly increased production for those able to master it. But it also threatens those who fail to adopt it with permanent second-class citizenship in the world economy. If an industry cannot lever itself up to the leading stage of technological advances， then it will not be able to compete effectively. If it cannot do this， no amount of government protectionism or access to foreign markets can keep it profitable for long. Without the profits and experience of technological excellence to reinvest， that industry can only fall still further behind its foreign competitors.
So the crux is the technology and that is where the President‘s program focused. The danger is not that a plan will not be passed， it is that the ideologues of right and left will distort the bill with amendments that will blur its focus on technology. The economic restructuring plan should be passed intact. If we fail to restructure our economy now， we may not get a second chance.
1. The focus of the President‘s program is on
[A]investment.
[B]economy.
[C]technology.
[D]tax.
2. What is the requirement of the most liberal wing of the Democratic-party?
[A]They want a more direct action.
[B]They want an incomes policy to check inflation.
[C]They want to rebuild industry.
[D]They want a wall of protective tariffs.
3. What is the editor‘s attitude?
[A]support.
[B]distaste.
[C]Disapproval.
[D]Compromise.
4. The danger to the plan lies in
[A]the two parties‘ objection.
[B]different idea of the two parties about the plan.
[C]its passage.
[D]distortion.
5. The passage is
[A]a review.
[B]a preface.
[C]a advertisement.
[D]an editorial.
Vocabulary
1.reverse逆转
2.slide滑坡
3.plague瘟疫;折磨，困扰
4.tariff 关税
5.decry 谴责，诋毁
6.lever 杠杆;用杠杆撬动
7.crux症结
8.ideologue空想家，思想家
9.intact原封不动的，完整无损的
10.investment credit投资信贷
11.research grant研究基金
难句译注
1.This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment， lack of growth， and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years
答案详解
1. C 工艺技术。最后一段第一句“问题的症结就在于工艺技术，这就是总统计划的要点所在。”第四段：“对掌握新技术的人来说，新技术使他们大大增产，而新技术对不能掌握它的人来说，在世界经济中他们面临沦为永久性的二等公民的危险。如果不能做到这一点，那么任何政府保护主义，进入国际市场都不能有效地竞争。如果不能有技术优势的利润和经验再投资，工业只能进一步落后于国外竞争对手。”这些都说明总统计划的重点再工艺技术。
A.投资。
D.税收。只是总统计划的涉及面。
B.经济。太笼统了。
2. A 更直接行动。第二段“总统的党内几段自由翼要求更强硬、更直接行动。他们要求用收入(税收)政策来制止通货膨胀;联邦财政在关税保护下，帮助重建工业。”
B.他们需要制止通货膨胀。C.重建工业。D.保护关税墙。都只是他们要求中的不分内容，不完整。
3. A 支持。第四、五段集中了评论者的观点，支持的理由和论点。
B.厌恶。
C.不赞成。
D.调和妥协。
4. D 歪曲。最后一段第二句：“其危险不在于计划将不被通过，而在于左和右的思想理论家们用修正案来歪曲提案，使计划要点蒙尘模糊不清，经济重建计划应原封不动地通过。”这是作者的态度，也是他所担心之处。
A.两党的反对。
B.两党对计划的不同看法。
C.它的.通过。
练习二：Mules
Although the top men in smuggling business must work together， most of a syndicate‘s small fry， especially the mules， know only their immediate contacts.If caught there is little they can give away.A mule probably will not even know the name of the person who gives him his instructions， nor how to get in touch with him.Usually he even does not know the person to whom he has to make delivery.He will be told just to sit tight in a certain hotel or bar until someone contacts him.In this way if he is blown， coming through airport customs he cannot unwittingly lead agents to the next link in the chain.All the persons at the receiving end do is to hang around the airport among the waiting crowd， and see that the mule comes through safely.If he does not， he is dimply written off as a loss.To make identification of mules easier， several syndicates have devised their own “club ties” so that a mule wearing one can immediately be picked out.
Mules often receive careful training before embarking on their first journey.One Beirut organization， for example， uses a room with three airline seats in it.There the trainee mules sit for hours on end wearing weighted smuggling vests beneath their clothes， so that they become accustomed to standing up after a long flight in a natural way， and without revealing what they are carrying.An outfit in Brussels maintained a comfortable apartment where the mules could relax and get a firm grip on themselves on the night before their first journey; they were helped to dress before setting out for the airport in the morning.More often than not a courier will not know precisely where he is going or what flight number is until he is actually handed his tickets at the airport.This prevents the careless boast in some bar or to a girl friend the night before.
Mules occasionally run off with the goods to keep the profit themselves.As insurance against this， a syndicate often sends a high-up on the same plane to keep a wary eye on couriers， particularly new ones.Even then things can go badly wrong.One international currency smuggler who was having trouble getting money out of Britain was offered help by a group of men who said they were in a position to “fix thing” - for a fee of course.Foolishly， the smuggler agreed to accept their help.When he got to London‘s Heathrow Airport， he handed over to one of the men a black suitcase containing nearly $90，000 in cash， destined for Frankfurt.Just to keep an eye on things， the smuggler went along on the same plane.When they landed at Frankfurt he was handed back his suitcase.He beat a straight path to the men’s toilet， opened the case， and found only old clothes. The courier had switched suitcase en route， but the smuggler could hardly run to the police and complain that “the man who was smuggling money out of England for me has stolen it.”
1.What is a “mule”?
[A]A person who sends smuggling goods for a syndicate is called mule.
[B]A person in charge of smuggling goods is called mule.
[C]A person who makes delivery for a syndicate is called mule.
[D]A person who receives instructions from a smuggler is called mule.
2.The sentence “if he is blown” in line (6) is closest in meaning to
[A]if he is arrested.
[B]if he is recognized， but not necessarily arrested.
[C]if he is recognized and arrested.
[D]if he runs away.
3.Why does the author give an example in the last paragraph?
[A]To show how a smuggler is caught.
[B]To show a smuggler is afraid of the police.
[C]To show to keep a wary eye on couriers is useless.
[D]To show mules may keep the profit for themselves.
4.how does a mule work?
[A]Jointly.
[B]Independently.
[C]consciously.
[D]Separately.
Vocabulary
1.fry 小鱼群，小生物群。这里的small fry是指辛迪加之子公司，小私运集团或私运者
2.sit tight 稳坐不动，坚持下去，这里指一直坐等着，等到有人来和他联系。
3.blown 欠账的，被炸毁的。这里指私运分子“出事”
4.write off 销账，被勾销的项目。这里指把出事的骡子从名单上勾掉。
5.written off as a loss 作为损失销账。
6.embark (on) 开始搞，从事，上船。
7.grip 紧握
8.high up 高处，这里指高一级私运人
9.fix thing 这里指“摆平事情”，解决问题
10.beat 踏上
11.switch 转变，调换
答案详解
1.C mule，骡子是为私运集团交货人的称呼，绰号。
A. 是为私运集团具体运送私运货物的人。只运送，不交货不能成为骡子。
B.负责私运货物的人。也不对，负责者不一定运送和交货。
D.从私运者那里接受指示的人。更不对。
2.B blown原义为：欠账了的，被炸毁的，坏了等。这里指：私运分子在过海关，机场检查处出事，不一定被逮捕。
A.逮捕。
C.认出，逮捕。
D.逃跑。都不符合blown原义。
3.D 说明私运分子会把利益归己。最后一段第一句“有时，私运分子带着货物逃跑，把利益归己”。私运集团为防范此事，常常派遣高级人物监视私运人，特别是新私运者，也于事无补。这段的具体例子：“私运者和委托人同机飞行，到法兰克福机场，9万美金也是不翼而飞，私运者已经捞到手。”就是说明私运者可以为自己留下财路。
A.私运者被捕之事，例子中没有提及。
B.私运者不去警察局报案，并不易定是害怕警察局，而是报不了。
C.监督毫无用处。是副线。
4.D 单个干。这在第一段一开始就点明：“私运商的上层人物(头面人物)必须一起工作，而大多数辛迪加的小组织，特别是私运分子，他们只知道他们的直接联系人。一旦他们被逮捕，就没有什么可以出卖的。一个骡子甚至连给他指示的人的姓名都不知道，也不知道如何和此人联系”。
A.共同干。
B.独立干，私运分子不是独立，大多数是在监督之下。
C.有意识地干，上下都是有意识地干。
练习三：Contribution of Coeducation
Imagining being asked to spend twelve or so years of your life in a society which consisted only of members of own sex. How would you react? Unless there was something definitely wrong with you， you wouldn’t be too happy about it， to say the least. It is all the more surprising therefore that so many parents in the world choose to impose such abnormal conditions on their children - conditions which they themselves wouldn’t put up with for one minute!
Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education. Stuffing children’s heads full of knowledge is far from being foremost among them. One of the chief aims of educations is to equip future citizens with all they require to take their place in adult society. Now adult society is made up of men and women， so how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock.
A co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature. Boys and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other， to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of academic ability， athletic achievement and many of the extra-curricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical advantage it is ( to give just a small example ) to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense co-education makes of the argument that boys are cleverer than girl or vice-versa. When segregated， boys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apart. Rivalry between the sexes is fostered. In a coeducational school， everything falls into its proper place.
But perhaps the greatest contribution of co-education is the healthy attitude to life it encourages. Boys don’t grow up believing that women are mysterious creatures - airy goddesses， more like book-illustrations to a fairy-tale， than human beings. Girls don’t grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes. Years of living together at school dispel illusions of this kind. There are no goddesses with freckles， pigtails， piercing voices and inky fingers. There are no romantic heroes with knobbly knees， dirty fingernails and unkempt hair. The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up. These can better be overcome in a co-educational environment. Segregated schools sometimes provide the right conditions for sexual deviation. This is hardly possible under a co-educational system. When the time comes for the pupils to leave school， they are fully prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults. They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women.
1. What is the best title for this passage?
[A] only co-education can be in harmony with society.
[B] people are in great need of co-education.
[C] any form of education other than co-education is simply unthinkable.
[D] co-education has many features.
2. what does co-education offer to children?
[A] A society.
[B] A true small model of society.
[C] A real life.
[D] True version of social condition.
3. According to the passage， what is one of the chief aims of education?
[A] It is for students to acquire knowledge.
[B] It is to equip future citizens with scientific technology.
[C] It is to equip future citizens with what is required in getting a position in society.
[D] It is for students to get academic achievements.
4. Why do boys and girls in co-education have no illusion about each other?
[A] They live together and know each other too well.
[B] Years of living together at school dismiss such illusion.
[C] co-education encourage them to have an healthy attitude toward life.
[D] They are familiar with each other’s problems.
Vocabulary
1. to be in for = receive 接受
He is in for punishment. 他受到惩罚。
2. miniature 缩样，雏形，微型画
3. freckle 雀斑
4. pigtail 鞭子
5. knobbly = knobby 多节的
6. unkempt 乱七八糟，蓬乱的
7. sharp focus = clear view
bring into focus 使集中在焦点上，对光
bring into sharp focus 这里的意义是：一目了然，明显突出
8. deviation 越轨，偏离，入歧途
答案详解
1. C 除了男女合校，其他形式的教育简直难以想象。答案见第一段“设想请你在一个只有你一样性别的人存在的社会生活12年光景，你会如何反应呢?除非你本人确实有毛病，否则，你至少不会太高兴。因此，世界上有那么多的父母愿意把这种不正常的环境(他们自己一分钟都受不了的环境)强加给他们的孩子们，这太令人惊讶!”第二段讲“教育的目的之一就是为未来的公民在成人社会中找一席之地，准备好需要的一切。而社会由男女组成，那分校又怎能准备?”后两段讲合校之优点，分校之缺点，具体对比突出主题。这都说明C 最合适。
A. 只有合校才能和社会相协调。
D. 合校有许多特点。这两项文章内容涉及到，但作为最佳标题则不确切。
B. 人们非常需要合校。文内没有直接谈到。
2. B 一个真实社会的缩影。这在第三段第一句“男女合校确实能给孩子们提供一个社会真实的缩影。”下面的内容都是围绕这个主题而写的具体情况。如：生活在一起，彼此了解，对比等。
A. 社会。
C. 一种真实的生活。
D. 真实的社会情况。都没有B项那样确切。
3. C 为未来公民在社会上拥有一席之地，准备好所需要的一切。这在第二段“这个话题的讨论必然会引出教育目的的问题。把各种知识塞进孩子头脑远不是教育主要的目的，教育的主要目的之一是为未来公民在成人社会求得一席之地，准备好所需一切。”
A. 学生学到只是。
B. 以科技武装未来公民。
C.为学生缺德学术成就。都只是知识学习的一个部分。
4.B 几年学校共同生活打消了幻想。答案在第四段中，“在学校中，几年生活在一起消除这一类的幻想。没有什么脸上有雀斑，梳着鞭子，涂着指甲，尖的噪音的女神，也没有膝部有疙瘩，指甲脏兮兮，头发乱蓬蓬的浪漫英雄。棘手的青春期明显呈现出来的成长过程中身体上和感情上的问题，在男女合校环境中得到很好的解决。”
A. 他们生活在一起，彼此太了解。此答案太过，不是太了解而不产生幻想，而是了解情况;真人就在眼前，人就实际了，消除了幻想。
C. 合校鼓励他们对生活有一种健康积极的态度。这是合校的大方向，不是消除幻想的根本原因。
D. 他们熟悉彼此的问题。不全是消除幻想之因，而是处理问题的前奏。这在最后一段最后两句话有说明“当学生离校的时刻来到时，他们已是很有适应性的成人，为进入社会做好了充分准备。他们已有几年处理面临男女的许多问题的经验。”