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分词复合结构详解
想要学好英语怎么能不知道分词复合结构呢?下面就让小编为大家详解一下吧。
某些分词独立结构由介词with或without引出，形式是：
with(或without)+名词+分词
这种结构在英语中称为“分词复合结构”。它在句中可作定语和状语，在科技文章中这种结构经常用来作为补充说明。
(1)The sun is a huge ball of gas, with the linear diameter of its “apparent disk” being 864,000 miles. 太阳是一个巨大的球状气团，它那“明亮的圆盘”的直径为864，000英里。(作定语，说明ball)。
(2)The density of air varies directly as pressure, with temperature being constant. 若温度不变，则空气密度的变化与压力乘正比。
(3)Maxwell pointed out that an object may be hot without the motion in it being visible. 麦克斯维尔指出，即使看不见物体内部德分子运动，物体也可能是热的。(让步)
(4)If something is moving, with nothing touching it, it will go on forever, coasting at a uniform speed in a straight line. 正在运动的某一物体，如果没有受到任何外力的出动，它将永远继续作匀速直线运动。(条件)
(5)Ice, of relative density 0.9, floats in water with nine-tenth submerged. 冰的比重为0.9， 它浮在水面上时，10分之9淹没在水里。(方式方法)
(6)An atom of oxygen has 8 protons and 8 neutrons in its nucleus, with 8 electrons circling about that nucleus. 一个氧原子在其原子核内有八个质子和八个中子，还有八个电子绕着原子核旋转。(附加说明)
分词及分词短语用法之练习部分：
(1)On the principle of the conservation of energy, the heat lost must be equal to the heat gained. 根据能量守恒定律，损失的热量必然等于所得到德热量。(lost和gained都是单独的过去分词，作定语，说明heat)。
(2)Average velocity may be defined as the distance traveled divided by the time of travel. 平均速度可定义为通过的距离除以运动所需的时间。(define…as…,“把…定义为…”。过去分词traveled作定语，说明distance，分词短语divided…travel也是说明distance的定语成分。)
(3)The kilogramme-calorie is the heat required to raise one kilogramme of water through one degree centigrade. 把1千克水升高摄氏1度所需的热量为1千卡。(过去分词短语required…centigrade作定语，说明heat.介词短语through…centrigrade是raise要求的状语。)
(4)Particles bearing like charges tend to repel one another, whereas particles bearing unlike charges tend to attract one another. 带有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而带有不同电荷的粒子则相互吸引。(bearing like charges和bearing unlike charge均为现在分词短语，作定语，修饰particles.)
(5)When a body loses some of its electons, the total of negative charges left in it is less than the positive charge.当一个物体失去一些电子时，该物体中剩下的负电荷就少于正电荷。(left in it是过去分词短语，作定语，修饰charge.Left是leave的过去分词。)
(6)The distance passed over by a body in uniform motion is equal to the velocity multiplied by the time. 一个物体匀速通过的距离等于速度乘以时间。(过去分词短语passed…motion作定语，修饰distance.过去分词短语multiplied…time作定语，修饰velocity.)
(7)In any machine, because of the effect of friction, the useful work done by the machine is always less than the wok done on the machine. 在任何一台机器中，由于摩擦的影响，及其所作的有效功总是小于对及其所作的功。(done by the machine，和done on the machine均为过去分词短语，作定语，分别修饰work.)
(8)The average power is the work performed divided by the time required for the performance. 平均功率等于所作的功除以做功所需的时间。(单个分词performed修饰work.Divided…performance 是过去分词短语作定语，也修饰work.Required…performance 是过去分词短语，作定语，修饰time.)
(9)Chemistry is one of the natural sciences which treats of the world around us, its wealth of different forms and the diversity of phenomena taking place in it. 化学是研究我们周围的物质世界、研究各种物质的不同形式以及世界上发生各种现象的差异的一门自然科学。(现在分词短语taking place in it在句中作定语，修饰phenomena.Take place，“发生”。A wealth of …，“大量”)
(10)The wave length of the light given out by b given source depends upon the orbital changes of the electrons which occur within the atoms constituting the substance which is emitting the light. 一定光源所发出的光，其波长取决于构成发光物质的原子内部的电子轨道的变化。(过去分词短语given out…source作定语，修饰light.Congstituting…light是现在分词短语作定语，修饰atoms.)
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