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新概念英语第三册答疑精选
引导语：关于新概念英语的答疑精选，由应届毕业生培训网整理而成，谢谢您的阅读。
问题一：什么叫从句??什么是定语从句??
老师回复:1 从句就是复合句.
2.定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
请看以下详解：
关系代词有：who， whom， whose， that， which等。
关系副词有：when， where， why等。
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who， whom， that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语， 若指物，它还可以同of which互换)， 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which， that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1)when， where， why
关系副词when， where， why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when， where， why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错(注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线;用不同的颜色表示出。)
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where， when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where， that， on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中， 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who， whom， that， which， whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house， which we bought last month， is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith， who was my former teacher， retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house， which I bought last year， has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel， which I have read three times， is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词， 对其进行修饰， 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant， which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor， which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
3) 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
由as， which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know， smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth， which is very important to us.
典型例题
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss， ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2)The weather turned out to be very good， ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3)It rained hard yesterday， ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法
例1. the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构， 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。
As we know， smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know， smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
(what 可以用all that代替)
1)what = the thing which;whatever = anything
What you want has been sent here.
Whatever you want makes no difference to me.
2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who
(错)Who breaks the law will be punished.
(错)Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
(对)Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
(对)Who robbed the bank is not clear.
3) that 和 what
当that引导定语从句时 ，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从 句， 用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。
I think (that) you will like the stamps.
What we need is more practice.
1)不用that的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错) The tree， that is four hundred years old， is very famous here.
b) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b) 在不定代词，如：anything， nothing， the one， all， much， few， any， little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
c) 先行词有the only， the very修饰时，只用that。
d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.
e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。
举例：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally， the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
问题二：以前有个老师告诉我however用于书面语，but用于口语。
好像跟您讲得不一样。
老师回复:这两个词并没有书面用语与口语的区别，书面口语，都可以用这两个词
however和 but
二者都意为“可是，但是”;
but是并列名词，连接两个并列分句，上下二句在总的意义上构成了对比。
I really don't like cheese， but I will try just a little this time.我实在是不喜欢吃奶酪，但是这次我要尝一点。
however不能直接连接两个分句，必须另起新句，并用逗号隔开。
It was raining hard. However， we went out to look for the boy. 雨下得很大，不过我们还是出去寻找那个孩子
HOWEVER能独立成句，与语气较强，BUT相反
以下还有一些详尽的用方，你可以自已看一看
1. however作副词用时，表示“然而;但是”，可以位于句首、句中和句末;位于句首时，要用逗号与句子其它部分隔开;位于句中时，其前后都要用逗号;位于句末时其前用逗号分开。 例如:
She felt ill. She went to work， however， and tried to concentrate.
她病了。然而她照旧去上班，并且尽力集中精神工作。
His first response was to say no. Later， however， he changed his mind.
他最初的反应是不同意，可是后来他改变了主意。
2. however与but 两者都做“但是，然而”讲，而且都引出并列句。从语义上看，but所表示的是非常明显的对比，转折的意味较however要强。从语序上看，but总是位于所引出的分句之首，而however却可位于句首、句中和句末，同时从标点符号上看，but之后一般不得使用逗号，而however则必须用逗号与句子其它部分分开。例如：
I thought those figures were correct. However， I have recently heard they were not.
我原以为那些数字正确无误，不过我最近听说并不正确。
3. however的其它用法： however可以作连词(conj.)，表示“无论以何种方式，不管怎样”，引导让步状语从句。例如：
You can travel however you like.你可以随心所欲地去旅行。
However I approached the problem， I couldn’t find a solution.
这一问题我不管怎样都无法解决。
问题3：so such位于句首倒装的例子?
老师回复:so, such位于句首，句子要倒装。
e.g. Such is human nature, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers. (Lesson 4中的句子)
Tom can speak French. So can Jack
问题4：1.slient quite still三词的具体区别是什么?请您举例讲解。
2.ever和since的区别?
3.before作为“才”的意思有哪些例子?
4.sight of a figure 的具体意思?
老师回复:silent主要指人“沉默的”、“不出声的”，但不一定无活动。
quiet意为“安静的”、“宁静的”，指人时表示生性安静，不易激动;用于自然环境时，指没有干扰活动、没有喧闹声的寂静状态。
still意为“安静的”、“不动的”，不指心理状态，而是指环境和人“静的，静止的”状态。
另外还有calm意为“镇静的，平静的”，主要指人“沉着镇定”，指自然“无风无浪”。noiseless意为“声音很轻的”、“无声的”，常用来形容机器。
试着做下面的练习
Exercises:
1,This is atypewriter.
2,In order not to lose the job, he kept about the matter.
3,It is a place, I enjoy living here.
4,Mary is a girl. She likes reading alone.
5,He reminded in face of danger.
6,Stand while I take a photo of you.
7,We visited Beijing in weather.
Keys:1, noiseless 2,silent 3,quiet 4,quiet 5,calm 6,still 7,calm
2 ever 和since 没有什么区别， ever since,和 since却有些区别
一：1ever since you left me自从你离开了我
i've been try to hide the pain.我一直在掩饰内心的伤痛
用法,一般就是可用在句首,自从的意思.
2主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时
eg. Ever since he moved to London, i haven`t seen him.
ever since用在句尾时,所表达的时间应在上文中交待出来或是听话者知道的那个时间:"就从那时起,一直到现在"
二：since的用法主要有两点：一是表示“自从……以来”，二是表示“既然”之意。但如果只了解词的含义，而不了解其用法，在使用时就会造成错误。例如：I have not heard from him since I lived in Shanghai.
不少人会望文生义，将该句译为：“自从我住在上海以来，就再也没有收到他的信了。”而实际上这个句子的译文并非如此，那么正确的含义是什么呢?
下面谈谈since作连词引导时间状语从句的用法。
一、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。如：
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。
We have been missing them since they left here自从他们离开这里，我们就一直很想念他们。
这是最常见的一种用法，此处不再多述。
二、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时时，则从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作或状态结束时算起”。如：
I haven’t heard any noise since I slept. Sleep 为持续性动词，sleep的动作结束时，即“醒来”时，这句应译为“我醒后还未听到任何声音”。
John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher约翰现在和父母一起住在纽约，他不当老师已经三年了。
本文开始出现的那个句子就可以译为“自从我离开上海，就再也没有收到他的信。”这种译法常被人们误用，我们不妨再多举几个例子看看：
How long is it since you lived in Shanghai?你离开(没住在)上海多久了?
It is half a month since he was a League member.他退团(不当团员)半个月了。
It’s been quite some time since I was last in London我离开伦敦已很长时间了。
比较：He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自从我病愈以来，他屡次给我写信。(从句谓语为状态动词)
He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自从我生病以来，他就屡次给我写信。(从句谓语为终止性动词)
三、若since引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词的现在完成时，则表示动作和状态延续到现在(说话时刻)，其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。如：
I haven’t heard from him since he has lived there。
这里has lived表示动作的持续性，时间的起点应从：“开始居住”时算起。因此此句可理解为“自从他(开始)住在那儿起，我就一直没收到他的来信”。
Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。自从我们自己有了汽车，我们每年都去野营。
试比较：1. Since I’ve been at this school, we have had three headmasters.自从我到这所学校，我们已换了三个校长了。
Since I was at this school, they have had three headmasters.自从我离开这所学校，他们已换了三个校长了。
2.He has never been to see me since I have been ill. 自从我生病以来，他从未来看过我。
He has never been to see me since I was ill. 自从我病愈以来，他从未来看过我。
由此可见，since引导的从句持续动词的一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的意思恰好相反。换言之，前者以肯定的语法形式反映着否定的逻辑内容，而后者的形式与内容是一致的。
至于It is +一段时间+since…的句型与It has been +一段时间+since…意思相同。前者是规范说法，后者是口语说法。
应注意的是，在这种结构中，since引导的从句绝对不能用否定式的谓语动词来表示否定意义，下面两句都错了：
It is a long time since he didn’t study English.
It’s two months since you didn’t come to see me.
正确的说法为：
It’s a long time since he studied English 他好久没学英语了。
You haven’t come to see me for two months. 你有两个月没来看我了
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