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英语美文非英语专业
在学习、工作、生活中，大家应该都对美文很熟悉吧？什么是美文？就像一千个人心中就有一千个哈姆雷特一样，每个人心目中都有自己衡量美文的标准。那么，你会写美文吗？下面是小编收集整理的英语美文非英语专业，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
英语美文非英语专业1
Love Your Life
However mean your life is, meet it and live it; do not shun it and call it hard names. It is not so bad as you are. It looks poorest when you are richest. The fault finder will find faults even in paradise. Love your life, poor as it is. You may perhaps have some pleasant, thrilling, glorious hours, even in a poor-house. The setting sun is reflected from the windows of the alms-houses as brightly as from the rich man's abode; the snow melts before its door as early in the spring. I do not see but a quiet mind may live as contentedly there, and have as cheering thoughts as in a palace. The town's poor seem to me often live the most independent lives of any. Maybe they are simply great enough to receive without misgiving. Most think that they are above being supported by the town; but it oftener happens that they are not above supporting themselves by dishonest means, which should be more disreputable. Cultivate poverty like a garden herb, like sage. Do not trouble yourself much to get new things, whether clothes or friends. Turn the old; return to them. Things do not change; we change. Sell your clothes and keep your thoughts.
英语美文非英语专业2
Abundance is a Life Style
Abundance is a life style, a way of living your life. It isn’t something you buy now and then or pull down from the cupboard, dust off and use once or twice, and then return to the cupboard.
Abundance is a philosophy; it appears in your physiology, your value system, and carries its own set of beliefs. You walk with it, sleep with it, bath with it, feel with it, and need to maintain and take care of it as well.
Abundance doesn’t always require money. Many people live with all that money can buy yet live empty inside. Abundance begins inside with some main self-ingredients, like love, care, kindness and gentleness, thoughtfulness and compassion. Abundance is a state of being. It radiates outward. It shines like the sun among the many moons in the world.
Being from the brightness of abundance doesn’t allow the darkness to appear or be in the path unless a choice to allow it to. The true state of abundance doesn’t have room for lies or games normally played. The space is too full of abundance. This may be a challenge because we still need to shine for other to see.
Abundance is seeing people for their gifts and not what they lack or could be. Seeing all things for their gifts and not what they lack.
英语美文非英语专业3
Clear Your Mental Space
Think about the last time you felt a negative emotion---like stress, anger, or frustration. What was going through your mind as you were going through that negativity? Was your mind cluttered with thoughts? Or was it paralyzed, unable to think?
The next time you find yourself in the middle of a very stressful time, or you feel angry or frustrated, stop. Yes, that’s right, stop. Whatever you’re doing, stop and sit for one minute. While you’re sitting there, completely immerse yourself in the negative emotion.
Allow that emotion to consume you. Allow yourself one minute to truly feel that emotion. Don’t cheat yourself here. Take the entire minute---but only one minute---to do nothing else but feel that emotion.
When the minute is over, ask yourself, “Am I willing to keep holding on to this negative emotion as I go through the rest of the day?”
Once you’ve allowed yourself to be totally immersed in the emotion and really fell it, you will be surprised to find that the emotion clears rather quickly.
If you feel you need to hold on to the emotion for a little longer, that is OK. Allow yourself another minute to feel the emotion.
英语美文非英语专业4
Work and Pleasure
To be really happy, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human being may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual laborer, tired out with a hard week’s sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.
英语美文非英语专业5
How to Keep Vital?
The critical element to physical vitality is ensuring that you have an abundant level of nerve energy. How do you do this? Realize that day-to-day you’re expending nerve energy through your actions, and as obvious as it sounds, you do need to make sure that you rest and recharge. By the way, how much sleep are you getting? If you’re regularly logging eight to ten hours of sack time, you’re probably getting too much sleep! Six to seven hours has been found to be optimum for most people. Contrary to popular belief, sitting still doesn’t preserve energy. The truth is, that’s usually when you feel most tired. The human nervous system needs to move to have energy.
To a certain extent, expending energy gives you a greater sense of energy. As you move, oxygen flows through your system, and that physical level of health creates the emotional sense of vitality that can help you to deal with virtually any negative challenge you could have in your life. So realize that a sense of vitality is a critical emotion to cultivate in order to handle virtual any emotions that come up in your life, not to mention the critical resource in experiencing consistent passion.
英语美文非英语专业6
The Love of Beauty
The love of beauty is an essential part of all healthy human nature. It is a moral quality. The absence of it is not an assured ground of condemnation, but the presence of it is an invariable sign of goodness of heart. In proportion to the degree in which it is felt will probably be the degree in which nobleness and beauty of character will be attained.
Natural beauty is an all-pervading presence. The universe is its temple. It
unfolds into the numberless flowers of spring. It waves in the branches of trees and the green blades of grass. It haunts the depths of the earth and the sea. It gleams from the hues of the shell and the precious stone. And not only these minute objects but the oceans, the mountains, the clouds, the stars, the rising and the setting sun---all overflow with beauty. This beauty is so precious, and so congenial to our tenderest and noblest feelings, that it is painful to think of the multitude of people living in the midst of it and yet remaining almost blind to it.
英语美文非英语专业7
摘要：
在当前大学英语教学改革日益深化的形势下，开设面向高校非英语专业学生的英美文学课程已成为一个新的趋势。新的形势下面对新的授课对象，英美文学的传统教学策略有待改进和完善。本文探讨如何将任务型教学法落实到面对非英语专业学生的英美文学课程的教学中去。
关键词：高校非英语专业学生；教学策略；任务型教学法；英美文学课程
英美文学是高校英语专业的必修课，教学大纲指出，英美文学课程“旨在通过引导学生阅读和分析英美文学作品，促进学生语言基本功和人文素质的提高，增强学生对西方文学及文化的了解”[1]，由此可见这门课程的重要意义。在许多高校的大学英语教学改革的过程中，英美文学课程也已经被视为教改课程的组成部分。
英美文学课程不仅仅适用于高等院校的英语专业学生，而且在大学英语教学改革的框架下，是能够适用于并应当适用于高等院校非英语专业学生的，很多学者已经就此达成共识。因此，如何在新形势下开设好这门课、专门研究面向高校非英语专业学生的英美文学课程的教学策略和方法就成了一个值得探讨和深入研究的课题。近年来在大学英语教学中广受提倡的任务型教学法为这个问题的解决提供了一个有效的解决方案。
一、大学英语教学改革下英美文学课程所面临的形势。
程爱民教授的课题组在对全国50所高校英美文学课程的教学情况的调查中发现，英美文学课程单一、课时偏少，课程难度偏高，导致大多数学生选择去阅读一些简写或缩写本的文学作品，甚至用观看原著改变的电影去代替阅读名著[2]。目前看来，该调查所反映出来的英美文学课程教学相关问题，在高等院校的英语专业和非英语专业还是存在的，而对于非英语专业的学生来说，问题则显得尤为突出。课时少是不可避免的问题，而读简写本、甚至通过看电影的方式取代阅读名著，也与他们薄弱的语言基础有着密不可分的联系，因为原著内容毕竟难免艰深晦涩的。这些说明，英美文学课程需要有特定的教学方法与策略。
现有的外语教学方法，是因语言习得课程而设，并不能自动而有效地运用到语言和文化并重的英美文学课程中去，即使已有的教学实践已经注意到适用于英美文学课程的教学法，那也主要是面向英语专业学生的，而非面向非英语专业的学生。随着近年来大学英语教学改革的深入，英美文学课程也被纳入了高等院校非英语专业学生选修课的范畴。但是因为种种原因开设的并不成功，出现了诸如学生上课没有兴趣，选课人数较少，不能和其他选修课程和后续课程，如ESP（专门用途英语）课程竞争的情况。于是人们对是否应该开设此类英美文学课程或者是否应该重视这门课程产生了疑问。英美文学课程在高等院校的开设是素质教育的要求，是英语教学大纲的要求，也是广大学生的要求。
在大学英语教学改革中，面对新的形势，英美文学课程应该努力寻找适合于自身及授课对象的新的教学法，积极探索任务型教学法在英美文学课程中的实现形式。
二、任务型教学法的理论基础。
任务型教学法主要基于语言习得理论和哲学上的建构主义理论。20世纪80年代，美国语言学家S。D。 Krash—en提出了语言输入假说。该假说认为语言习得的关键在于大量的可理解性的语言输入。只要语言输入达到一定程度，语言输出就会自动产生，换言之即一定量的语言输入是语言输出的关键条件。[3]针对Krashen提出的假说，Swain提出了可理解输出假说，该假说认为语言输出与语言输入在语言习得过程中同样关键。成功的语言习得有赖于两者的共同作用，而不能仅仅注重语言输入而忽视语言输出。[4]任务型教学法则是一种强调语言输出的重要性的教学方法。
皮亚杰（J。Piaget）和科恩伯格（O。Kernberg）提出的建构主义理论也为任务型教学法提供了理论基础。建构主义理论认为知识体系的建构有赖于人们彼此间的交往、沟通和互动。知识的获取不是单向的和封闭的，而是双向的和互动的。学习者不会单纯地去吸收外界的信息和知识，而是趋向于从自身情况出发，考虑到自己的经历、背景、兴趣、爱好等因素，从而构建自己的知识体系，实现自我的提高和完善。在知识体系的构建过程中发挥着主体作用的是学习者本人而不是教师，因为后者的作用只在于帮助和促进。建构主义理论反对教师简单地传讲授知识，提倡教师为学生创造自主习得的环境和机会，激发学生的学习积极性和兴趣，鼓励学生之间及师生之间的互动和协作，从而形成科学的知识构建过程。
三、任务型教学法在英美文学课程中的落实。
（一）任务型教学法任务设计的一般原则和注意事项。
范玲玲认为，依据实际教学环境，教师在编写任务时应遵循以下几个基本原则：以学生为中心，以大纲和教材为基础，以学生需要和现实交际活动为参照；强调意义交流的重要性，促进学生之间和师生之间的交际愿望和活动，使交流的愿望和需要产生学习语言形式的动力；强化小组活动，促进小组成员间的协作学习；加强师生互动，让学生参与到任务编写、实施和评估的全过程中；利用多媒体优势，培养学生自主学习的习惯和能力。[5]
任务的设计还应尽可能为学生营造一个轻松的、无心理压力的语言环境，让他们大胆运用英语进行交流，并体会到学习英语的乐趣，从而形成强烈的学习动机。[6]这些任务设计的原则和注意事项是任务型教学活动应予遵循的共通原则。所以在将其落实到面向非英语专业学生的英美文学教学过程中去的时候，也需要严格遵循。本文认为，可以从教材的编选、教学过程的设计以及科学评价体系的建立这三个方面去落实这些原则和注意事项。
（二）任务型教学法在英美文学教材编选中的落实教材是任何教学活动的基础。
从目前的教材来看，任务型教学法在口语、综合英语等教材中体现的比较明确，方便教师使用它去教学，但是在英美文学教材中这一方面并没有得到很充分的体现，或者说，编者们在编写教材的时候并没有过多考虑将来授课的实际情况。目前通行的英美文学教材基本上是专门为英语专业编写的，不可能充分而切实地考虑非英语专业教学的实际需要。从编写的结构上讲，这些教材多数采用年代顺序，完全涵盖文学背景、作家作品、作品选读和难点注释四个方面。这种固定而单一的教材编写模式与以教师为主导的课堂教学活动有着直接的联系，强调文学史实和文学知识的灌输，而忽略了兴趣的开发。
这种教材也许适合英语专业的课堂教学模式，但是无疑给老师向非英语专业的学生讲授英美文学带来了很多难题。教师会在教材的影响下用大量时间来介绍学生并无兴趣的背景知识，而无暇深入探讨作品的主题。学生也会受教材影响习得专业的学习模式，兴趣无从提高。对于艰深晦涩的英美文学经典作品，课后零星的注释只能起到个别解释的作用，并不能帮助他们把握文学作品的深刻内涵。王守仁教授明确指出这种形式“不能够抓住学生的兴趣和培养学生对文本整体的分析和感悟能力”[7] 实际上教材的针对性不强这一缺陷可以被教师用教学方法规避，但是那实际上是教师自主开发出来了一套教材，那么原有教材的重要作用则没有被充分发挥出来。教材毕竟是任何教学活动的基础，为了更好的服务于任务型教学，一本系统而编排科学的教材是必须的。
没有现成的教材可以运用，所以必须教师自主或者团队编写教材，从而最大程度符合高校非英语专业学生的实际需求和实际水平。从教材的形成和编写方面就为将来的任务型教学打下基础。从难度上讲，选材应该这样的原则：即篇章应当短小精悍，内涵深刻，尽量贴近生活而非过于抽象，词汇量要适中，避免选择难度过大、句子结构过于复杂的文章。另外材料应具有文体的多样性，比如说肖伯纳的话剧、海明威的短篇小说，林肯的就职演说以及一些现代通俗英文小说，比如华裔女性作家的作品，比如说与科技发展与环境问题相关的新时代的小说。按照英美文学作品的主题来编写教材是一个很好的途径。英美文学作品主题丰富，可以精心选择一些意义深刻的、能够抓住大学生兴趣的、对非英语专业学生的思维开拓有助益的，或者与大学生生活和将来工作有关的主题，比如说人与自然的主题、环境保护、科技与人文的关系等等主题。对于这些主题，工科的非英语专业学生很容易产生兴趣，对作品的阅读有一种期待感。这样教师在编写任务的时候，就有很强的针对性和可行性，能够起到很好的效果。
（三）任务型教学法在英美文学教学过程中的落实。
为了在教学过程中发挥任务型教学的优势，许多学者提出了相应的教学模式，其中最著名的就是Willis提出的模式，它由前任务、任务环、后任务组成。三个阶段中有不同的内容。任务按照从易到难的顺序，可分为六种类型（Willis， 1996）：列举型任务、整理型任务、比较型任务、解决问题型任务、分享个人经历型任务和创新型任务。[8]对此，教师要精心设置三个教学阶段的任务，充分考虑任务的难度选择有效的任务类型进行使用，从而将任务型教学法的效果最大化。任务型教学模式并非简单将任务交给学生去做，较传统的以教师为中心的教学模式来说，任务型教学法不仅没有减轻老师的任务，反而有可能是任务的加大。老师不再是照本宣科，而是一种开放式探讨式的课程，这对老师的授课能力提出了更高的要求，在面对非英语专业学生这一新的授课对象时，教师要有充分的准备。
按照任务型教学法的要求，英美文学课程应当采用主题式教学模式。主题式教学模式以现代语言教学理论及建构主义学习理论为基础，以反映社会生活各方面内容的主题为学习内容，以主题到话题再到细节为主要教学步骤，逐步学习并建立较完整的反映主观与客观世界及社会交际需求的知识系统[9]48。建构主义学习理论认为知识不是经由老师传授而得到的，而是学习者在一定的情境即社会文化背景下，借助学习和他人的帮助，利用必要的学习资料，通过意义建构的方式而获得的。学习的目的就是自主建构认知结构，学习者对事物的性质、规律以及事物之间的关系达到深刻的认识，知识不是杂乱无章地存储在大脑中而是围绕某一主题相互联系起来并形成的一定知识单元。[9]建构主义学习理论下的任务型教学就是要将任务以主题的形式呈现给学生，让学生在老师的引导下自己去学习。
在课堂讲授过程中，教师应先引导学生谈谈自己对相关主题的感想和经历，进而引导学生去把握作品中的主题，体会作品是如何呈现这一主题的。通过分组的方式让学生之间互相交流阅读心得、比较彼此的`认识，在过程中相互学习，而不是寻求一个终极而正确的解读答案。这种教学模式不是以老师为中心，而是以学生为中心，不是以背景知识为引入，而是鼓励学生去发现主动发现，不是先去阅读作品，而是通过主题的发现开拓阅读的需求和兴趣，让学生从自身实际出发，主动地去寻找作品信息和自己需要的知识，而不是被动地去等待教师的传授。
在具体的任务设计上，作为前任务，教师可以事先引导学生对即将学习的作品的主题进行了解，可以搜集一些主题相近的中文作品进行阅读，这样在阅读英文作品时有一比和参照，从而产生深刻的理解和共鸣。这个阶段教师可以布置一些类型简单的任务，比如说，列举型和整理型任务。“任务环”阶段教师可以让学生在课堂上发表自己的观点和意见，任务难度可以适当提升，比如比较型任务和解决问题的任务。“后任务”阶段，教师可以采用分享个人经历型和创新型任务，可以鼓励学生写出一些意境丰富的短诗、小作品、写读书笔记，读后感，并给他们创造在课堂上当众朗诵的机会，还可以鼓励学生通过网络检索对于作品的评论，在此基础上写出自己的补充性评论，总之，教师要通过“任务”加强“输入”，也要通过“任务”给学生的“输出”创造条件，在这个过程中，充分帮助学生发挥学生学习的积极性和自主性，同时充分发挥自己的指导作用。
（四）任务型教学法在英美文学课程评价体系中的落实。
按照任务型教学的要求设置科学的评价体系。评价体系与教学模式是一一对应的，单一的评价体系必然导致单一的教学模式，而多元的评价体系必然带来多元的教学模式。与任务型教学相对应的比较科学的评价形式是形成性评价。形成性评价是对学习者的动态的、综合的、过程式的评价，重视评价本身会带来的教育功能和发展功能，在西方发达国家早已成为评价学习者学习情况的主要方式。目前我国也已经认识到原有教育评价方式的单一性和片面性，正在提倡形成性评价。英美文学课程旨在提高学生的人文素质和对于语言的感悟能力，而不是考察学生的识记能力，也没有一个量的指标，因此，原有的单一的终结性评价模式并不适合这一课程，反而会对该课程的开展起到消极作用，扼杀学生的学习兴趣。所以应该重视形成性评价在该课程评价体系中的积极作用。
具体运用中采用师生共评、学生间互评的多元评价模式，将评价延伸到包括课堂外活动的学习者的整个学习过程。任务型的英美文学课堂中需要学生积极的参与和表现，而教师因为要充分发挥引导和组织的作用所以很难顾及到所有学生的表现，这种情况下学生的自评和互评是一个很好的选择。教师还可以组织学生进行小组讨论，对小组的整体表现做出评价，小组内部成员的表现则可以交由学生自己评价。这种方式将任务落实到了每一个学生，兼顾了整体和个体的表现，而且有利于学生之间相互督促，从而有效提高学习的积极性和兴趣。对于课外学习的评价，学生日常对文学作品阅读的读后感也可以采用学生间互评合的方式，这既增加了评价的客观性，又有利于促进学生之间的互相学习和带动。另外情况允许还可以组织一些相关的学生团体活动，比如说莎士比亚戏剧团、诗歌朗诵协会等，通过学生参与这些社团的积极性和获得的奖项对学生做出综合性的评价。
三、结束语。
在高校开设针对非英语专业的英美文学课程不仅有助于提高广大非英语专业学生对英语的感悟和运用能力，而且有助于提高他们的跨文化交际能力、文学鉴赏能力等综合语言能力。该课程的成功开设有赖于传统教学方法的改进与完善。任务型教学法是一种先进的教学方法，其在英美文学课程中的落实可以从三方面展开，即教材的选定和完善，教师教学意识、方法和策略的改进以及与之相适应的科学的评价体系的建立。实践证明，任务型教学法是非常有效的语言教学策略，将它充分拓展从而运用到英美文学课程教学中去，必定会对当前的大学英语教学改革和大学生的语言及文化素质的提高起到积极的促进作用。
英语美文非英语专业8
Your Sense of Taste
Taste is one of our five senses. The others are hearing, sight, touch, and smell. You hear with your ears, you see with your eyes, and you taste things with your tongue.
On your tongue, you have groups of tiny taste buds. Taste buds send information about food to your brain. You have a lot of taste buds, maybe even 10 000! People don't have the same number of them. Women often have more taste buds than men.
Because of your taste buds, foods like ice cream and bananas taste sweet. French fries, cheese, and ocean water taste salty. Lemons have a sour taste, and coffee is bitter. We all know about these four main tastes: sweet, salty, sour and bitter.
Why does a sense of taste matter? For one thing, it helps people decide on safe things to eat. And of course, thanks to your sense of taste, you can enjoy all your favourite foods.
英语美文非英语专业9
Folklore -- Stories of Cultures
Folklore is the study of culture and history that is passed on through oral literature. The word "oral" means relating to the mouth, especially the spoken word. Oral literature includes stories, poems, and songs that are passed on by word of mouth. They are passed between family members and residents of villages, and from one generation to the next. Before written language and books, and long before computers, people passed information orally -- by telling stories and singing songs. In some parts of the world, the oral tradition is still the primary way of communication.
There are many different purposes of these songs and stories. Some stories and songs taught religious beliefs; others celebrated romance and the triumph of good over evil. Still others gave important moral lessons, especially to children. Many of these stories contained supernatural elements like fairies, witches and magic spells.
英语美文非英语专业10
Be Happy!
“The days that make us happy make us wise.”----John Masefield
When I first read this line by England’s Poet Laureate, it startled me. What did Masefield mean? Without thinking about it much, I had always assumed that the opposite was true. But his sober assurance was arresting. I could not forget it.
Finally, I seemed to grasp his meaning and realized that here was a profound observation. The wisdom that makes happiness possible lies in clear perception, not fogged by anxiety nor dimmed by despair and boredom, and without the blind spots caused by fear.
Active happiness---not mere satisfaction or contentment ---often comes suddenly, like an April shower or the unfolding of a bud. Then you discover what kind of wisdom has accompanied it. The grass is greener; bird songs are sweeter; the shortcomings of your friends are more understandable and more forgivable. Happiness is like a pair of eyeglasses correcting your spiritual vision.
Nor are the insights of happiness limited to what is near around you. Unhappy, with your thoughts turned in upon your emotional woes, your vision is cut short as though by a wall.
英语美文非英语专业11
Slow Food
Italians know and love good food. It's at the heart of their culture. They don't like to rush through their meals, either.
In 1986, something happened in Italy. A McDonald's opened in Rome. Many Italians were surprised and angry. They thought, "This is an attack on Italian culture!" one man, Carl Petrini, decided to fight back. "Fast food is the enemy," he said. He started a group called Slow Food. Today about 80 000 people from over 100 countries belong to the group. It began as a humorous but determined attempt to preserve Italian foods and support small restaurants from the pressures of international fast food companies. It has grown into an international movement to preserve local foods and culinary traditions and to conserve agricultural biodiversity.
Fast food is reaching more and more parts of the world. But Slow Food is getting its message to more and more people, too.
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