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考研有哪些破解了定语从句的译法

时间:2022-12-02 14:33:35 报考指导 我要投稿

考研有哪些破解了定语从句的译法

  我们在准备考研复习的时候,需要掌握好破解了定语从句的译法的技巧。小编为大家精心准备了考研破解了定语从句译法的指南,欢迎大家前来阅读。

考研有哪些破解了定语从句的译法

  考研破解了定语从句译法的指导

  一、前置译法

  如果一个定语从句在句中的作用是修饰和限定名词,那么通常就采取译为前置定语的方法。但注意译成前置定语后既不能影响原文所表达的意思,还要使整个句子的表达言简意赅、连贯通顺、语气较强。

  例句:Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.

  译文:水是一种清澈的液体,有许多用途。

  在前置译法的过程中如果定语从句中的谓语不含有具体意义,可省译从句中的谓语。这种译法很简便,也很有效。

  例句:We have arrived at the same conclusion as they have.

  译文:我们已经得出了与他们相同的结论

  有时候,出于汉语行文的需要和逻辑关系方面的考虑,可将定语从句提在主语之前翻译,用来说明情况,但不作为被修饰名词的定语。

  例句:There are also great advantages that come from the variety of culture brought by settlers from other lands.

  译文:移民从个地方带来了多种文化,产生了极大的好处。

  二、后置译法

  我们都知道,英语中很多定语从句都是为了连接两个具有共同名词的句子而存在的,因此在翻译时最好分为两个分句。而对于起限定作用的定语从句,如果结构较为复杂,句子太长,无法译成前置的定语,最后就译成一个后置的并列分句,这样更合乎汉语的习惯。

  例句:Our war against terror is a contest of will in which perseverance is power.

  译文:我们的反恐战争是一场意志力的较量。在这场较量中,不屈不挠的精神就是力量。

  结构较复杂的定语从句常译成后置的并列分句,在多数情况下要重译先行词,或即便句子不长,出于某种原因需要强调先行词,也要重译先行词。

  例句:Days and nights are very long on the moon, where one day is as long as two weeks on the earth.

  译文:在月亮上,白天和黑夜都相当长,月亮上的一天等于地球上的两周。

  有些定语从句翻译时译成后置分句,但可不重译先行词,任符合汉语习惯。

  例句:Both picnics and BBQ are friendly, informal social events that offer an opportunity to enjoy a meal outside in pleasant surroundings.

  译文:野餐和烧烤都是友情洋溢、不拘礼节的社交活动,可以让大家在户外的一个怡情的环境里高高兴兴地美餐一顿。

  三、转换译法

  有的定语从语法结构上是定语,其定语的作用,从意义上说又相当于一个状语从句,所以常常被称为状语化的定语从句,说明时间、原因、条件、结果、目的、让步、假设等关系。其中表示因果关系的是考研阶段最为重要的`知识点。

  例句:I'm not speaking of the few thousand astronomers, geographers and so forth who could give, or have a theoretical knowledge of that proof, but of the ordinary newspaper-reading citizens, such as you or we.

  译文:我说的不是数千位天文学家、地理学家之类的人,因为他们可以用观察到的事实或用理论上的依据来证实这点,我指的是如同你我一样只会看报纸的普通读者。

  考研英语拿高分的规律

  一:英语运用能力不等于英语考试能力

  中国学生学英语的过程,是不断参加英语考试的过程,从中考英语、高考英语,四六级英语,到专四、专八英语,再到考研英语,甚至出国考试(托福、雅思、GRE等)。在此过程中,希望考生们要明白的是,英语运用能力不等于英语考试能力,一个人英语考试时总能考高分,可就是说不好英语,而有的人听力口语能力很好,考试成绩却很一般。

  这一点都不稀奇,能力强但没有经过任何考试技能训练,有可能得不到高分。能力不强,很有可能在短期内获得考试的高分,尽考研英语参考 书管他的英语沟通能力并没有明显的提高。因为,考试的内容是相对有限而有规定的,而能力的提高是长期的数学考研事情。对于考研英语来说,无论是阅读理解还是英语写作,都有考试的规律性和技术性。比如,要在阅读理解上拿高分,并不需要你完全理解文章,只要真正理解20%的内容就能解决文章80%的题目。但是要把握如何确定哪些材料属于20%的关键材料,需要一定的考试训练。

  二:考研英语能力的提高需要考试训练

  任何一个考研高分的同学都离不开对相当数量的好题目的分析和训练。考试能力的提高离不开考试技能的提高和对考试内容的训练。

  考试训练不是死记硬背,也不是搞题海战术,这样很容易身心疲惫。比如有的同学在训练时做了大量的选择题目,但每次还会在同样的地方犯同样的错误,原因很简单,每次做错题后,都没有深入思考一下为什么。这样的结果是浪费了大量的时间并且没有成就感和进步感,从而可能丧失学英语的自信。

  所以,考试训练的关键考研数学大纲问题是做题后的反思和总结,做到“知其然”,又“知其所以然”,才不至于在同一个地方跌倒两次甚至多次。

  三:考研英语最好的备考资料——历年真题

  时下,社会上充斥着各种考试培训机构,而我们判断他们的好坏的唯一标准就是其是否对该考试的历年真题做分析、研究,并从中总结出科学规律让考生在一定时间内提高成绩。否则,它的可信度肯定是不高的。

  试题一年一个样,但对基本知识点的考查是相对不变的。英语考试所有的重点单词尽在历年真题中;英语考试所有基础重点考点尽在历年真题中;英语考试所有的重要规律尽在历年真题中。

  考研英语句型翻译点拨

  1、由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气

  The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.

  ---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”

  ---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.”

  I wish that he weren’t so lazy.

  2、had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形,表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。

  His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later.

  3、 would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况,用过去完成时表示过去的情况,表示希望或婉转的责备。例如:

  I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.

  我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。

  4、It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式,即动词要用过去式。

  It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.

  现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。

  5、as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形,引导让步虚拟从句,这种用法通常采用倒装结构:

  Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.

  The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.

  6、由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟形式,即should(might, would)+动词原形,例如:

  She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold.

  她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。

  7、if it were not for…与现在事实相反, if it had not been for与过去事实相反,两个都相当于but for:

  If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.

  8、 虚拟语气用于as if(though)引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中,其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。例如:She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常发出发自内心的微笑,而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样,常常流露出来。

  They talked as if they had been friends for years.

  他们交谈着,就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。

  9、其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only等等

  If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry.

  拓展:考研英语作文例句

  一、开头句型

  万事开头难,写作开头很重要,可以是老师眼前一亮。

  1.Along with the rapid growth of … , ...has become increasingly important in our daily life.

  随着...的快速增长,...在生活中已经变得越来越重要。

  2.What calls for special attention is that …

  需要特别注意的是…

  3.Nowadays, it is generally/commonly believed that..., but I wonder that...

  现在,人们普遍认为...,但是我怀疑...

  4.There's no denying the fact that…

  毫无疑问…

  5.Currently, the issue of ...has been brought to public attention.

  近来,...的问题已经成为人们关注的焦点。

  6.Nothing is more important than the fact that…

  没有什么比这更重要的…

  7.What's far more important is that…

  更重要的是…

  二、衔接句型

  衔接句是可以很好的链接文章的上下部分。

  1.Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.

  虽然有很多方法可以解决这个问题,但下面的方法可能是最有效的。

  2.But the problem is not so simple, therefore

  然而问题并非如此简单,所以……

  3.There are several reasons for…,but in general, they come down to three major ones.

  虽然有几个原因……,但是一般他们可以归结为三个主要的。

  4.Similarly, we should pay attention to…

  同样,我们要注意…

  5.In this respect, we may as well (say)…

  从这个角度上我们可以说

  三、结尾句型

  文章的结尾是最后部分,会对作文进行最后的总结,结尾会给批卷人留下较深的印象。

  1.From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that...

  综上所述,我们能得出如下结论...

  2.I will conclude by saying…

  最后我要说…

  3.Accordingly/Consequently/As a result, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that...

  因此,不难得出结论...

  4.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that…

  因此,我们有理由相信…

  5.Taking into account all of these factors, we have reached the realization that...

  考虑到所有的因素,我们意识到...

  6.All things considered, …

  总而言之 ,…

  It may be safely said that…它可以有把握地说……

  7.Therefore, in my opinion, it's more advisable…

  因此,在我看来,更可取的是…

  8.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that…

  通过数据我们得到的结论是...

  9.All in all, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of....Only in this way can we....

  总之,全社会都应该密切关注...,只有这样我们才能...

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