考研英语备考重点的翻译技巧

　　我们在准备考研英语的备考时，有很多重点的翻译技巧需要我们去掌握。小编为大家精心准备了考研英语备考重点的翻译方法，欢迎大家前来阅读。

考研英语备考重点的翻译技巧

　　考研英语翻译技巧：巧妙利用词义的引申

　　引申是指从原词的内在含义出发，结合语境和译入语的表达习惯，在译文中对某些词作一定的语义调整，以达到忠实、通顺的目的。英译汉时常常会遇到许多单词，按词典上给的词义来翻译，译文就会生硬难懂，甚至造成意思上的曲解。因此，需对词义进行必要的变动，引申出能表达词语内在含义的新的表达方式。引申既可化具体为抽象，也可化抽象为具体。

　　(1)具体———抽象

　　经典例题: Were it left to an American to decide whether they should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government，he should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.

　　参考译文: 如果让一个美国人决定要没有言论自由的政府还是要言论自由而无政府的国家，他会毫不犹豫地选择后者。

　　经典例题: There were times when emigration bottleneck was extremely rigid and nobody was allowed to leave the country out of his personal preference.

　　分析: bottleneck本指“瓶颈”，由于具有使缓慢和阻滞的效果，因而被抽象地引申为“限制”。参考译文: 过去有过这种情况: 移民限制极为严格，不许任何人出于个人考虑而迁居他国。

　　(2)抽象———具体

　　经典例题: While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians，modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.

　　参考译文: 几乎每个史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家们的观点都趋向于认为史学是试图重现并阐明过去发生的重大事件。(1999年真题)

　　经典例题: When the Jones were little，they were forbidden to set foot there，because of the revolting language and of what they might catch.

　　参考译文: 琼斯家里的人，小时候是不允许走进那里的，生怕学到一些下流话，或沾染上什么毛病。

　　经典例题: All the irregularities of the students in that university resulted in punishment. 参考译文: 那所大学的学生做出的任何越轨行为都会受到处罚。

　　考研英语翻译冲刺点拨：宾语从句翻译技巧

　　宾语从句翻译法

　　由that, what, how, where等词引导的宾语从句一般按照原文顺序翻译,即顺译法。

　　Eg:

　　Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged.科学家们有理由认为人可以忍受远超过0.1雷姆的辐射而不受伤害。

　　Eg:

　　We wish to inform you that we specialize in the export of Chinese textiles and shall be glad to enter into business relations with you on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.我公司专门办理中国纺织品出口业务，并愿在平等互利的基础上同贵公司建立业务关系。

　　状语从句翻译法

　　1)顺译法:按照原文顺序翻译。

　　Eg:

　　If the negotiations between the rich nations and the poor nations make headway, it is intended that a ministerial session in December should be arranged.如果富国和穷国之间的谈判获得进展的话，就打算在12月份安排召开部长级会议。

　　2)逆译法:把位于句末的从句放在句首。

　　Eg:

　　Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.显然，如果计算机给出的全部答案均需要核查，花钱买计算机就毫无意义。不过，人们也应该信赖自身内部的计算能力，在认为计算机有问题时进行复查。

　　3)分译法:有时也可以译为并列句。

　　Eg:　Electricity is such an important energy that modern industry couldn’t develop without it.电是一种非常重要的能量，没有它，现代化工业就不能发展。(原文由such…that…引导的结果状语从句译为汉语的并列句)。

　　考研搞定英语翻译的有效方法

　　(一) 同义反译法

　　1. Only three customers remained in the bar.

　　酒吧间只有三个顾客还没有走。

　　(不译：“还留着”或“还呆在那里”)

　　2. I'll be here for good this time.

　　这一次我再也不走了。

　　(不译：“永远在此呆下去”)

　　3. Please keep the fire burning when I'm out.

　　我不在家的时候，别让炉子灭了。

　　(不译：“我外出时，请让炉子继续烧着”)

　　4. “Wait, he is serious.”

　　等等，他不是说着玩儿的。

　　(不译：“等等，他是认真的。”)

　　5. “Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!”

　　听我说，克拉拉，对这孩子可不能心软。

　　(不译：“……对这孩子要坚定”)

　　(二) 删减解释词

　　The traveller in the south must often have remarked that peculiar air of refinement, that softness of voice and manner, which seems in many cases to be a particular gift to the quotation and mulatto women.

　　到南方去的人看见那些黑白混血的女郎，一定会注意到她们十之八九都有那种独特的优雅风度、那种温柔的声音和文静的举止。

　　(三) 短句拆译

　　“ …on one sunshiny morning in June , …”

　　在六月里的一天早上，天气晴朗……

　　(四) 译词推陈出新

　　When he might well have acted with boldness, he found himself filled with doubts, scruples and equivocality, in addition to the ordinary fears of a lower.

　　原译：当他可以大胆行动的时候，他发现自己除了一个情人所具有的那种普通的害怕之外，心里还充满怀疑、顾虑和踌躇。

　　改译：等到他不妨放胆去追求的时候，他却迟疑不定，顾虑重重。至于一般堕入情网的人那种常有的提心吊胆的心理，那就更是难免的了。

　　(五) 解释性添词

　　“George, I'm ashamed of you! George, I couldn't have believed you would have done it! I always knew you to be a rolling stone that gathered no moss; but I never thought you would have taken away what little moss there was for Bagnet and the children to lie upon,” said Mrs. Bagnet.

　　“乔治，我真替你害臊﹗乔治，想不到你会干出这种事情来﹗俗话说得好：滚着的.碌碡不长苔，流浪的汉子不攒财。我早知道你就是这么一个流浪汉﹗可真没有想到你连贝格纳特和孩子们靠它过活的那一点点财也骗走”，贝格纳特太太说道。

　　(六) 词无定译

　　It is quite useless to ask whether Vanderbilt was criminally prosecuted or civilly sued by the Government. Not only was he unmolested, but two years later, he carried on another huge swindle upon the Government under peculiary heinous conditi.

　　我们根本不必追问政府是否根据刑法或民法对范德比尔特提出起诉。范德比尔特不仅逍遥法外，而且在两年后又以极其凶狠的手段对政府进行过一次巨大的诈骗。

　　(七) 精炼译词

　　A new dignity crept into his walk.

　　原译：走路的姿态不知甚么时候开始给人一种庄重的印象。

　　改译：走起路来，不觉平添了几分尊严。

　　(八) 删削“When”字

　　1. When he saw me, he was startled.

　　他看见我，吓了一大跳。

　　(不译：当他看见我的时候……)

　　2. “When your gals takes on and cry, what's the use of cracking on them over the head, and knocking on them round?”

　　“你那些女黑奴哭得那么伤心，你还拿鞭子没头没脑的抽，把她们打得死去活来，那有什么用呢?”

　　(不译：当你那些女黑奴哭得那么伤心的时候，你还拿鞭子……)

　　(九) 感叹词的不同译法

　　1. “O, don't mother! I should like the flowers; do give them to me; I want them!”

　　“Why, Eva, your room is full now.”

　　“妈妈，别这样﹗我喜欢这些花，把花给我吧，我要﹗ ”

　　“得了吧，伊娃，你屋里的花都满了。”

　　2. “Well, that's odd!” said Marie. “What in the world do you want that for?”

　　“哟，真是怪事﹗”玛利说，“你干嘛非要这个不可?”

　　(十) 顺拆法

　　His delegation agreed with the Executive Director/ that the fund should continue working/ for a better understanding of the interrelatihip between economic, social and demographic factors.

　　原译：他的代表团同意执行主任关于该基金会应继续为更好地了解经济、社会和人口的相互关系而努力的意见。

　　改译：他的代表团同意执行主任的意见，认为该基金会应继续努力，以求更好地了解经济、社会和人口这三方面的相互关系。

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