考研英语阅读有哪些重点内容
阅读是考研英语的重头戏,也是相对难搞的一个题型。小编为大家精心准备了考研英语阅读的复习要点,欢迎大家前来阅读。
考研英语阅读重要提醒
▶提醒一:一个中心,牢记心中
做阅读题时要从整体把握,阅读每一段的中心句,找出这个中心句的关键词。解题时要谨记文章的中心主旨和各段落的大意,其实阅读理解考的就是这个"中心句"。
▶提醒二:按序出题,迅速定位
每一个问题在原文中都要有一个定位,而且命题人是按顺序出题的。如果你认为不是,很有可能就是你做错了。文章基本以5段为主(也有6段、7段的),要把握每段之间的关系。一般来说,一段一个题,只是一般来说哦。
▶提醒三:干扰设置,常规排除
1、原句重复出现,一般为干扰项。正确的都是有改动的,即同义替换、
2、选项中意思完全相反的2个选项,其中之一是对的、
3、原文中很短、起过渡作用的句子出现在选择中,一般是干扰项、
4、选项中的几个单词,是该段中不同句子里的单词拼凑的,一般是干扰项、
5、对选项中的"重点词"(即主语、宾语、修饰语)都要看清楚。有的时候,选项中,会对原文中本来正确的事做错误的修改,来作为干扰项。你要注意的是,选项句子的主语(与原文)是否一致、宾语是否符合原文意思,或者用一些牵强的修饰词,来做一些特殊的限定。要看清楚。这是干扰项的特点之一。
6、错误的选项,往往是就文章某一方面而说的,其特点是:所涉及的,仅仅是某一个小问题,或者很具体,非常具体的一件实事。正确选项反应的,往往是实质的、根本的内容。
7、选项中出现ONLY的,一般都为干扰项。
8、说明原因的,且仅仅是说明原因而已,一般是干扰项。
9、一定要注意,谁是用来修饰谁的。起修饰作用的词或句子,来做选项,一般是错的。被修饰的那部分来作选项,一般是对的。
10、因果关系的题,很直接、很简单的因果关系,直接排除。间接的因果,反映主旨的,可能是对的。总之,因果关系的题,把握主旨就可以了。文中提到的直接因果,如具体的事或是什么的,都是干扰项。
11、干扰项有时出现的`生词(可能是你不认识的),是与文章主题无关的词,而非同义替换。
12、就一般而言,some people表作者不认同的观点,few people表作者的观点。
13、任何题型排除2个选项以后,选出和文章主旨相关的选项即可。
▶提醒四:考查态度,词汇必背
有时候每段的第一句话,仅仅是一个表述。而在第2或3句以后,会出现对比或者转折。一般来说,转折后面的是作者的态度。你要注意的是,作者对什么进行了转折。那个关键词一定要找出来。
某人说过的话,有时并不是题眼,但可以从侧面或某个角度来反映作者的观点,也就是作者想表达的。正确答案都是和这样的观点相一致的。要把握关键词,有感情色彩的词。
表示作者态度的词:
(一)常作为正确答案的态度词汇:
1、表肯定态度:
positive adj.肯定的,实际的,积极的,确实的 favorable adj.赞成的,有利的,赞许的,良好的
approval n.赞成,承认,正式批准 enthusiasm n.狂热,热心,积极性
supportive adj.支持的,支援的 defensive为……而辩护
2、表积极的态度:
objective客观的 concerned关注的
confident adj.自信的,确信的 interested adj.感兴趣的,有成见的,有权益的
optimistic adj.乐观的 positive正面的
impressive adj.给人深刻印象的,感人的
3、表否定态度:
negative adj.否定的,消极的,负的,阴性的 disapproval不赞成
objection异议 opposition反对
critical批评的 criticism批评批判
disgust vi.令人厌恶,令人反感vt.使作呕 detestation n.憎恶,厌恶的人,嫌恶
indignation愤慨 contempt n.轻视,轻蔑,耻辱,不尊敬
compromising n.妥协,折衷v.妥协,折衷 worried adj.闷闷不乐的,焦虑的
4、表怀疑态度:
suspicion n.猜疑,怀疑 suspicious adj.(~of)可疑的,怀疑的
doubt v.怀疑 doubtful adj.可疑的,不确的,疑心的
question v.怀疑 puzzling adj.使迷惑的,使莫明其妙的
5、表中立态度:
impartial adj.公平的,不偏不倚的 neutral adj.中立的
impersonal adj.非个人的 factual adj.事实的,实际的,根据事实的
detached不含个人偏见的
(二)不太可能选为正确答案的态度词汇:
subjective adj.主观的,个人的 indifference n.不关心
tolerance n.宽容,容忍,忍受 pessimism n.悲观,悲观主义
gloomy adj.黑暗的,阴沉的,令人沮丧的,阴郁的 optimistic adj.乐观的
sensitive有感觉的,敏感[锐]的,易受伤害的 scared adj.恐惧的
reserved adj.保留的,包租的
radical adj.激进的
ironic adj.说反话的,讽刺的
confused adj.困惑的,烦恼的 amazed adj.吃惊的,惊奇的
concerned adj.关心的,有关的 apprehensive adj.担忧,担心
mixed喜忧参半 biased有偏见的
考研英语必背的真题例句
▶2009年阅读真题
Text3
1. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.
译文:毫无疑问,在这两个领域取得的进步对于这些贫穷国家以及其他国家的社会、政治、智力发展都是必不可少的。传统观点认为教育应成为促进贫困国家经济快速发展首要考虑的因素之一,然而这种观点是错误的。
2. We are fortunate that is it, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations.
译文:我们很庆幸这种观点错了,因为在这些国家建立新的教育体制并通过这种体制培养足够的人才来提高经济水平需要两三代人的时间。
▶2010年阅读真题
Text2
1. Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.
译文:对商业方法专利申请的控制是一个突然的180度大转变,因为正是联邦巡回法院在1998年被称为"道富银行案"的决议中引入了这类专利,当时法庭对一种"汇集各种公有基金资产"的方法授予了专利。
2. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions.
译文:这项裁决带来了商业方法专利申请案卷的激增,起初是新兴的网络公司试图对特定类型的在线交易方法占得独家权利。
Text3
1. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them.
译文:营销人员已经采纳了这个两级流动理论,因为该理论表明,他们只需找到有影响力人士就可以为他们完成大部分的工作。
2. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.
译文:而根据两级流动理论,恰恰是这些不是名人但具有影响力的人,通过直接影响他们的朋友和同事,推动了社会流行潮。
3. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.
译文:但是,一种社会流行潮要最终形成,每个受到有影响力影响的人都必须接着影响自己的熟人,继而这些熟人必须再影响自己的熟人,如此循环不已;这些人中的每个人能得到多少关注与最初的有影响力人士并无多大关系。
▶2012年阅读真题
Text3
1. In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work.
译文:在"科学研究如何开展"的理想化模式中,世界真相正等待着以科学的方法开展工作的研究者们去观察和收集。
2. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.
译文:在科学界这个复杂的社会结构中,研究者做出发现;编辑和评审者控制发现的发表过程以扮演看门人的角色;其他科学家则使用这一新发现来满足自己需要;最后,公众(包括其他科学家)接受这个新发现及其可能随之而来的技术。
3. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers.
译文:不足为奇的是,貌似重要且令人信服的新发表的发现声明和可信发现总是面对后来研究者的质疑、修改、甚至推翻。
▶2013年阅读真题
Text 2
1. In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioral ads? Or should they have explicit permission?
译文:在过去几周里,一场争论说明了这种精细的信息对于广告商的价值:广告商是否可以认为用户愿意被跟踪并接收行为广告?还是说广告商应该获得用户的明确许可?
2. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Google's on that count before.
译文:DNT似乎并不是微软Windows 8系统的最大卖点,尽管微软的其他产品在这一方面优于谷歌。
▶2014年阅读真题
Text4
1. The Heart of the Matter," the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.
译文:美国人文与科学院(AAAS)刚刚发布的研究报告《问题的核心》值得称赞,因为其肯定了人文学科和社会科学对巩固和繁荣美国自由民主的重要性。
2. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.
译文:为了激励创新和竞争,该报告呼吁增加科研收入,精心设计调理清晰的课程,以提高学生在21世纪解决问题的能力和有效沟通的能力,呼吁增加对教师的投入,鼓励学者应用他们的研究来应对如今的巨大挑战。
▶2015年阅读真题
Text2
1. California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.
译文:之前的设想是当局在逮捕嫌犯时可以搜查其财物,而加州请求大法官要避免做出全面性的裁决,尤其不能推翻之前的设想。
2. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending.
译文:当面对严重的、紧急的情况时,他们甚至还可以不受第四条修正案保护条款的约束,并且他们在搜查令还未获准的情况下,也能采取合理的措施以确保手机里的数据不被删改。
Text4
1. This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,she thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .
译文:她认为,同样道德目的的缺失伤害到了像新闻国际这样的公司,使其更有可能像过去一样因大范围非法窃听电话而迷失方向。
2. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived.
译文:其中让人吃惊的真相之一是丽贝卡·布鲁克斯竟然对于发生在她新闻工作室的事情知之甚少,她竟然几乎未加以过问,实际上她从不询问这些新闻报道的来源。
考研英语段落翻译的考点
翻译的拆分点
例:It was fueled by low interest rates /and kept going by a false sense of security /created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy. (1.5分)
这个例句在15分的段落翻译中占1.5分,具体的结构划分可从并列连词,从属连词,非谓语动词以及介词短语入手。这句话中有并列连词“and”以及过去分词“created”,因此划分之后每个部分各占0.5分。
一、分词结构
分词结构具有很好的区分度,所以每年都会考查。同学们在最后一个月一定要掌握分词结构的翻译方法。
(1)分词结构做定语的翻译
现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(与名词是动宾关系)。分词结构做定语一般采用前置译法,译为“……的+中心词”。
例:Business-to-business (B2B) sites vary from those providing simple lead generation, to complex marketplaces serving a variety of buyers and sellers to private extranets.
译文:B2B网站从提供简单引导(的网站),到给各种各样的买卖双方提供复杂的市场服务,再到连接私人的外联网不等。
(2)分词结构做状语的翻译
分词结构做状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等逻辑关系。翻译时一般译成独立的分句,并添加与主句之间的逻辑关系词。
例1:While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centers need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.
译文:当这些计算机产生大量二氧化碳的同时,还释放出了大量的热量,因此数据中心又必须装备很好的散热设备,这就会消耗更多的能源。
例2:They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in new products their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.
译文:他们担心这会损害本国经济,使他们失去急需的熟练劳动者,这些人本可以留在国内在大学任教,在医院工作或设计新奇产品供工厂生产。
二、定语从句
翻译定语从句时,应根据定语从句的长短来判定翻译方法:
(1)当定语从句较短时:采用前置译法,译为“……的+中心词”。
(2)当定语从句较长时:采用后置译法,独立翻译成一个分句,关系代词恢复为指示代词或原主语,根据情况添加与主句之间的逻辑关系词。
例:Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that led banks down in this road, in hopes of averting the next crisis, which is likely to involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets.
译文:金融监管将不得不应对这种最不负责任的并导致银行损失惨重的做法,以期防止下一次危机,而下一次危机很可能包括各种类型的金融技术和资产。
最后阶段复习翻译题型时,一定将复习重点放在高频考点上,一定将自己的译文写出来,然后与参考译文反复对照进行修改,以提升翻译的整体得分。
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