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英语四级试卷真题及答案
在学习、工作中，我们需要用到试卷的情况非常的多，在各领域中，只要有考核要求，就会有试卷，试卷是命题者按照一定的考核目的编写出来的。你知道什么样的试卷才是规范的吗？以下是小编精心整理的英语四级试卷真题及答案，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
英语四级试卷真题及答案1
Questions 61-65 are based on the following passage.
Language is,and should be,a livingthing,constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression.Butthere isa vital distinction between good developments,which add to the language,enabling us to say things wecould not say before,and bad developments,whichsubtract from the language by rendering it less precise.Avivacious,colorfuluse of words is not to be confused with mere slovenliness.The kind ofslovenliness in whichsome professionals deliberately indulge is perhaps akin tothe cult(迷信.of theunfinished work,which haseroded most of the arts in our time.And the trueanswer to it is the same that art is enhanced,not hindered,bydiscipline.Youcannot carve satisfactorily in butter.
The corruption of written English hasbeen accompanied by an even sharper decline in the standard of spoken English.We speak very much less well than wascommon among educated Englishmen a generation or two ago.
The modem theatre has played a baneful(有害的)part in dimming our appreciation oflanguage.Instead ofthe immensely articulate dialogue of,for example,Shaw(who was also very insistent on good pronunciation.,audiences are now subjectedto streams of barely literate trivia,often designed,only too well,toexhibitlaek ofcommunication,and larded(夹杂.with theobscenities(下流的话.and grammatical errors of theintellectually impoverished.Emily Post once advised her readers: "Thetheatre is the best possible place to hear correctly-enunciated speech."Alas,no more.One young actress was recently reported to be taking lessons inhow to speakbadly,so that she should fit in better.
But the BBC is the worst traitor.Aideryears of very successfully helping to raise the general standard ofspokenEnglish,it suddenly went into reverse.As the head of the Pronunciation Unitcoyly(含蓄地.put it,"In the1960s the BBC opened thefield to a much wider range of speakers." To hear a BBC disc jockeytalking to thelatest ape-like pop idol is a truly shocking experience of verbalsqualor.And the prospect seems to be of evenworse to come.School teachers areactively encouraged to ignore little Johnnys incoherent grammar,atrociousspelling and haphazard punctuation,because worrying about such thingsmight inhibit his creative genius.
61、The writer relateslinguistic slovenliness to tendencies in the arts today in that they both_________
A.occasionally aim at acertain fluidity
B.appear to shunperfection
C.from time to time showregard for the finishing touch
D.make use of economical shortcuts
62、"Art is enhanced,nothindered,by discipline"(Lines 6-7,Paragraph 1 )means_________
A.an artists work will befiner if he observes certain aesthetic standards
B.an unfinished work is boundto be comparatively inferior
C.the skill of certain artistsconceals their slovenliness
D.artistic expression isinhibited by too many rules
63、Many modem plays,theauthor finds,frequently contain speech which _________
A.is incoherent andlinguistically objectionable
B.is far too ungrammatical formost people to follow
C.unintentionally shocks theaudience
D.tries to hide the authorsintellectual inadequacies
64、The author says that thestandard of the spoken English of BBC _________
A.is the worst among allbroadcasting networks
B.has taken a turn for theworse since the 1960s
C.has raised English-speakingup to a new level
D.is terrible because of a fewpopular disc jockeys
65、Teachers are likely tooverlook the linguistic lapses in their pupils since_________
A.they find that children nolonger respond to this kind of discipline nowadays
B.they fear the children maybecome less coherent
C.more importance is nowattached to oral expression
D.the children may bediscouraged from expressing their ideas
答案解析：
61-65 BAACD
英语四级试卷真题及答案2
Questions 61-65 are based on the following passage.
In thisage of Internet chat,videogames and reality television,there is no shortageof mindless activities to keepa child occupied.Yet,despite the competition,my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure timewriting shortstories.She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest,a competitionshe won last year.
As awriter I know about winning contest,and about losing them.I know what it islike to work hard on astory only to receive a rejection slip from thepublisher.I also know the pressures of trying to live up to a reputationcreatedby previous victories.What if she doesnt win the contest again? Thats thestrange thing about being aparent.So many of our own past scars and dashedhopes can surface.
Arevelation(启示)came last week when I asked her,"Dont you want to win again?" "No," she replied,"I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade."
I hadjust spent weeks correcting her stores as she spontaneously(自由地)told them.Telling myself that Iwas merely an experienced writerguiding the young writer across the hall,I offered suggestions forcharacters,conflicts and endings for her tales.The story about a fearful angelstarting first grade was quickly "guided" by meinto the tale of alittle girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson.I had turnedher contest into mycontest without even realizing it.
Stayingback and giving kids space to grow is not as easy as it looks.Because I knowvery little about farmanimals who use tools or angels who go to first grade,Ihad to accept the fact that I was coopting(借用)mydaughtersexperience.
Whilestepping back was difficult for me,it was certainly a good first step that Iwill quickly follow with moresteps,putting myself far enough away to give herroom but close enough to help if asked.All the while I will bereminding myselfthat children need room to experiment,grow and find their own voices.
61、What do we learn from the first paragraph?
A.Children do find lots of fun in many mindlessactivities.
B.Rebecca is much too occupied to enjoy herleisure time.
C.Rebecca draws on a lot of online materials forher writing.
D.A lot of distractions compete for Childrenstime nowadays.
62、What did the author say about her own writingexperience?
A.She did not quite live up to her reputation as awriter.
B.Her way to success was full of pains andfrustrations.
C.She was constantly under pressure of writingmore.
D.Most of her stories had been rejected bypublishers.
63、Why did Rebecca want to enter this yearswriting contest?
A.She believed she possessed real talent forwriting.
B.She was sure of winning with her mothers help.
C.She wanted to share her stories with readers.
D.She had won a prize in the previous contest.
64、The author took great pains to refine herdaughters stories because ____
A.she believed she had the knowledge andexperience to offer guidance
B.she did not want to disappoint Rebecca whoneeded her help so much
C.she wanted to help Rebecca realize her dream ofbecoming a writer
D.she was afraid Rebeccas imagination might runwild while writing
65、Whats the authors advice for parents?
A.A writing career,though attractive,is not forevery child to pursue.
B.Children should be allowed freedom to growthrough experience.
C.Parents should keep an eye on the activitiestheir kids engage in.
D.Children should be given every chance to voicetheir opinions.
答案解析：
61-65 DBCAB
英语四级试卷真题及答案3
Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV —if they everget home in time.There are similarities,of course,but the cops dont think much of them.
The first difference is that a policemans real life revolves round the law.Most of his training is in criminal law.He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court.He has to know as a professional lawyer,and what is more,he has to apply it on his feet,in the dark and rain,running down an alley after someone he wants to talk to.
Little of his time is spent in chatting to scantily-clad(穿衣不多的)ladies or in dramatic confrontationswith desperate criminals.He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad,unimportant people who are guilty —or not —of stupid,petty crimes.
Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal: as soon as hes arrested,the story is over.i real life,finding criminals is seldom much of a problem.Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks — where failure to produce results reflects on the standing of the police —little effortis spent on searching.
Having made an arrest,a detective really starts to work.He has to prove his case in court and to do thathe often has to gather a lot of different evidence.So,as well as being overworked,a detective has to beout at all hours of the day and night interviewing his witnesses and persuade them usually against their own best interests,to help him.
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.The first sentence implies that ________.
A.the life of the real policemen and that of the policemen on TV are entirely different
B.the real policemen will find the similarities if they can get home in time
C.the real policemen seldom can get home in time to watch TV
D.the policemen shown on TV can always get home in time
2.It is essential for a policeman to be trained in criminal law _____.
A.so that he can catch criminals in the streets
B.because many of the criminals he has to catch are dangerous
C.so that he can justify his arrests in court
D.because he has to know nearly as much about law as a professional lawyer
3.The everyday life of a policeman or detective is ______.
A.exciting and glamorous
B.full of danger
C.devoted mostly to routine matters
D.wasted on unimportant matters
4.When murders and terrorist attacks occur,the police______.
A.prefer to wait for the criminal to give himself away
B.make great efforts to try to track down their man
C.try to make a quick arrest in order to keep up their reputation
D.usually fail to produce results
5.What’s the best title for the passage?
A.Policemen and Detective
B.Policemen’s Life-Fun and Fantasy
C.The Real Life of a Policeman
D.Drama and Reality
参考答案
1.[C] 推理判断题。本题考查对第1句的理解。if引出的条件状语从句前的破折号表明这个假设是相对于之前的看电视来说的，而不是相对于整句话的。该句特意用if作补充说明，暗示了一些附加的信息：真实生活中的警察通常很晚回家，连看电视都赶不上。由此可见,C是正确的理解。A说法过于绝对，与原文的hardly不符。
2.[C] 推理判断题。本题考查内在的因果关系。从第2段第3句可以推断出答案,A毫无原文依据，原文中也并没有暗示B和D这两种因果关系。
3.[C] 推理判断题。本题考查对长句的理解。根据第3段第2句可以推断出答案。本题最具干扰性的是B，按照常识,警察的工作通常都被认为很危险，但是第3段第1句由Little引出的倒装句表明了他们很少与亡命之徒交锋，并非充满危险，因此B不对;而D将在文中用来修饰people的unimportant拿来修饰“事情”,显然偷换概念，曲解原文。
4.[B] 推理判断题。本题考查对复合句的理解。答题关键在于正确理解第4段最后一句，except引出的句子暗示警方只有在遇到特别严重的犯罪时追捕罪犯才会花费很大的气力，B符合文意。本题最具干扰性的是C,由本句第2个破折号后的内容可知此处主要强调“费不费劲”的问题，而C中的make a quick airest并未突显出原文的关键含义，不如B准确。
5.[C] 主旨大意题。本文的重点是说瞀察们的现实生活，全文将这种现实生活与电视里面展现的作比较,是为澄清事实，故C可概括全文主题。
英语四级试卷真题及答案4
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
It is simple enough to say that since books have classes fiction,biography,poetry—we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us.Yet few people ask from books what books can give us.Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds,asking of fiction that it shall be true,of poetry that it shall be false,of biography that it shall be flattering,of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices.If we could banish all such preconception when we read,that would be an admirable beginning.Do not dictate to your author; try to become him.Be his fellow worker and accomplice(同谋).If you hang back,and reserve and criticize at first,you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read.But if you open your mind as widely as possible,then signs and hints of almost imperceptible finess,from the twist and turn of the first sentences,will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other.Steep yourself in this,acquaint yourself with this,and soon you will find that your author is giving you,or attempting to give you,something far more definite.The thirty two chapters of anovel—if we consider how to read a novel first—are an attempt to make something as formed and controlled as a building but words are more impalpable than bricks,reading is a longer and more complicated process than seeing.Perhaps the quickest way to understand the elements of what a novelist is doing is not to read,but to write; to make your own experiment with the dangers and difficulties of words.Recall,then,some event that has left a distinct impression on you—how at the corner of the street,perhaps,you passed two people talking.A tree shook; an electric light danced; the tone of the talk was comic,but also tragic; a whole vision,an entire conception,seemed contained in that moment.
21.What does the author mean by saying “Yet few people ask from books what books can give us.”?
A.The author means that lots of people read few books.
B.The author thinks that readers have only absorbed part of knowledge in books.
C.The author holds that few people have a proper idea about what content some kind of books should include.
D.The author considers that readers can scarcely understand most of the books.
22.According to the passage,which of the following statement is right?
A.A reader should find some mistakes when he is reading.
B.The more difficult a book is,the more you can get from it.
C.To read something is easier than to watch something.
D.One should be in the same track with the writer when he is reading.
23.What is the possible meaning of “impalpable”(Paragraph 2)in the passage?
A.Clear.B.Elusive.C.Delicate.D.Precise.
24.What’s the main idea of this passage?
A.The importance of reading.B.The proper way to read.
C.How to get most from one book.D.The characters of a good book.
25.When a writer is writing he often get the whole conception ____.
A.after a long time’s thinking
B.through an instant inspiration
C.according to his own experience
D.by way of watching the objects attentively
参考答案：
21.答案C。解答此题，正确理解“Yes…us”一句含义是关键。其实质含义是：“许多人读书时因观念不正确，而仅仅能从书本中得到很少的知识获得很少的启迪”。这样，我们就可以对选项进行逐个分析取舍了。A项意为“作者认为许多人读的书都太少”，显然与我们的分析不符。B项意为“作者认为读者仅仅从书中汲取了部分知识。”这句话只是引文部分的字面含义，所以也应排除。再看C项作者认为许多人对某类书应该包含什么样的内容没有正确的观念。这才是作者的隐含意思，所以是正确的。而D项“作者认为许多读者对大量的书都不能读懂。”这也是一种错误的理解，也应排除。这样就可确定选项为C。
22.答案D。此题只能用排除法，去掉与文章细节不符的选项。选项A意为“读者在阅读时应该能发现一些错误。”文章中没有此细节，可排除。B项“一本书越难读，从中得到知识也越多。”也与文意无关。再看C项“阅读比观看容易。”根据文章第二段第四句最后一分句可知这正与作者的观点相反，故也排除。最后只剩下D项，应为正确答案。而其内容“读者在阅读时应和作者保持一致。”正是作者的观点，无疑正确。
23.答案B。先看上文：作家想把素材安排得像一座完整的大房，使之具体化。接下来就是含有“impalpable”一句。句首用“but”引导，有转折含义。所以此单词意义可能与“具体”相对。再看下文，阅读比观看更复杂和费时。这样，该词的含义就可以基本确定了，应该是“非常抽象难以捉摸的”之类的意思。(这里与”砖头”相比，更加强了这一点)据此可排除A、D项。C项意为“微妙”，意近。但B项恰好意为“难以捉摸的”，更与生词含义接近，所以应选B。此题目C项干扰性较大，注意要避免匆忙选择，而功亏一篑。
24.答案B。解答此题关键在于先弄清文章的主旨和大意。在此基础上就可进行选弃了。此短文主要讲“何为正确的读书方法”。据此，A项“阅读的重要性”，C项“如何从书中获取最多的信息”，D项“一本好书的特征”，均不能选。而B项“何为正确的读书方法”，正与我们的分析不谋而合，所以B为正确答案无疑。
25.答案B。答案可从文章最后一句获得。解答此类题的关键就是找到并正确理解有关细节。根据最后一句可知“作家构思的获得是通过瞬间的感悟。”可确定：B项为正确答案。
英语四级试卷真题及答案5
It came as something of a surprise when Diana,Princess of Wales,made a trip to Angola in 1997,to support the Red Cross campaign for a total ban on all anti-personnel landmines.Within hours of arriving in Angola,television screens around the world were filled with images of her comforting victims injured in explosions caused by landmines."I knew the statistics," she said."But putting a face to those figures broughtthe reality home to me; like when I met Sandra,a 13-year-old girl who had lost her leg,and people like her."
The Princess concluded with a simple message: "We must stop landmines".And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message.
But,back in London,her views were not shared by some members of the British government,which refused tosupport a ban on these weapons.Angry politicians launched an attack On the Princess in the press.They described her as "very ill-informed" and a "loose cannon(乱放炮的人)
The Princess responded by brushing aside the Criticisms: "This is a distraction(干扰)we do not need.AllI’m trying to do is help."
Opposition parties,the media and the public immediately voiced their Support for the Princess.To make matters worse for the government,it soon emerged that the Princess trip had been approved by the Foreign Office,and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British governments policy regarding landmines.The result was a severe embarrassment for the government.
To try and limit the damage,the Foreign Secretary,Malcolm Rifkidnd,claimed that the Princess views on landmines were not very different from government policy,and that it was "working towards" a worldwide ban.The Defence Secretary,Michael Portillo,claimed the matter was "a misinterpretation or misunderstanding." -
For the Princess,the trip to this war-torn country was an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much destruction and suffering landmines can cause.She said that the experience had also given her the chance to get closer to people and their problems.
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 1997 _____
A.to clarify the British governments stand on landmines
B.to establish her image as a friend of landmine victims
C.to investigate the sufferings of landmine victims there
D.to voice her support for a total ban of landmines
2.What did Diana mean when she said "...putting a face to those figures brought the realityhome to me"(Line 5,Para.1)?
A.Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statistics.
B.She just couldn’t bear to meet the landmine victims face to face.
C.The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back home.
D.Seeing the pain of the victims made realize the seriousness of the situation.
3.Some members of the British government criticized Diana because _____
A.she had not consulted the government before the visit
B.she was ill-informed of the governments policy
C.they were actually opposed to banning landmines
D.they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola
4.How did Diana respond to the criticisms?
A.She made more :appearances on TV.
B.She paid no attention to them.
C.She rose to argue with her opponents.
D.She met the 13-year-old girl as planned.
5.What did Princess Diana think of her visit to Angola?
A.It had caused embarrassment to the British government.
B.It had greatly promoted her popularity.
C.It had brought her closer to the ordinary people.
D.It had affected her relations with the British government.
参考答案
1.[A]根据题干中的时间、人名可以马上找到信息源为文章第1句，其中的不定式正好与选项的形式一致,表示目的，只要将选项内容与原文第1句中的不定式结构内容相对照即可得出答案为A。
2.[D]此题考查语义及逻辑推理能力，关键在于理解brought the reality home to sb.(使某人了解到现实)及I knew the statistics,but...的隐含义“我知道统计数字，但是(没想到会这么严重)”。再结合上文可知D的表述正确。C错在黛安娜不是亲身看到那些受害者之后才相信该统计数字的。
3.[B]第3段第1句指出，回到伦敦，她的观点并没有得到英国政府的一些官员的认可。黛安娜是支持banning landmines(禁止地雷)的，故英国政府的一些官员是反对禁止地雷，因此答案选B。而从第5段第2句“……黛安娜王妃出访已获英国外交部批准，而且事实上她对安哥拉的形势和英国政府有关地雷的政策都很了解。”可知A、C、D的说法均不正确。
4.[A]此题关键在于理解第4段第1句中brush aside“无视,不顾，漠视”这个短语，A的paid no attention与brush aside同义,故选A。
5.[B]根据文章最后一句，黛安娜总结其出访安哥拉的意义，B中的brought her closer to the ordinary people是原文get closer to people and their problems的同义改写。
英语四级试卷真题及答案6
Most episodes of absent-mindedness forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered aroom-are caused by a simple lack of attention,says Schacter.“You’re supposed to remember something,butyou haven’t encoded it deeply.”
Encoding,Schacter explains,is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later.Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations.If you put your mobile phonein a pocket,for example,and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation,you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in you wardrobe(衣柜).“Your memory itself isn’t failing you,” says Schacter.“Rather,you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.”
Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness.“A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,” says Zelinski,“may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.” Women have slightly better memories than men,possibly because they pay more attention to their environment,and memory relies on justthat.
Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness,says Schacter.“But be sure the cue is clear and available,” he cautions.If you want to remember to take a medication(药物)with lunch,put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there.Most likely,you were thinking about something else.“Everyone does this from time to time,” says Zelinski.The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room,and you’ll likely remember.
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?
A.It helps us understand our memory system better.
B.It enables us to recall something form our memory.
C.It expands our memory capacity considerably.
D.It slows down the process of losing our memory.
2.One possible reason why women have better memories than men is that ________.
A.they have a wider range of interests
B.they are more reliant on the environment
C.they have an unusual power of focusing their attention
D.they are more interested in what’s happening around them
3.A note in the pocket can hardly serve as a reminder because ________.
A.it will easily get lost
B.it’s not clear enough for you to read
C.it’s out of your sight
D.it might get mixed up with other things
4.What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A.If we focus our attention on one thing,we might forget another.
B.Memory depends to a certain extent on the environment.
C.Repetition helps improve our memory.
D.If we keep forgetting things,we’d better return to where we were.
5.What is the passage mainly about?
A.The process of gradual memory loss.
B.The causes of absent-mindedness.
C.The impact of the environment on memory.
D.A way if encoding and recalling.
参考答案
1.[B]事实细节题。根据第2段第1句可知，encoding是关注某事的一种特殊方式，这影响到以后是否能回忆起这件事来，因此B正确。
2.[D]事实细节题。根据第3段第3句，“女性比男性的记忆力稍强，这也许是因为她们对周围的环境更加注意，而记忆正是依靠这个”，故选D “她们对于周围发生的事更感兴趣”。
3.[C]事实细节题。根据第4段首句中说到的“视觉线索可以防止遗忘某事”可知破折号之后的警告“不要把药瓶放在药箱里，然后写一张纸条装进口袋”正是为了防止药瓶、提示性信条离开了视线，故选C。
4.[A]推断题。根据最后一段的前两句“心不在焉的另一个常见的情景是:走进房间,却不知为什么要进来。你很有可能是在想别的事”,可知本题答案为A。
5.[B]主旨题。根据第1、3、5段的首句可以得出，本文主要讲的是精神不集中的原因，故选B。
英语四级试卷真题及答案7
Section B
Directions: In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.
You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Addicted,Really?
A.Mental-health specialists disagree over whether to classify compulsive online behaviour as addiction---and how to treat it.Craig Smallwood,a disabled American war veteran,spent more than 20,000 hours over five years playing an online role-playing game called "Lineage II".When NCsoft,the South Korean firm behind the game,accused him of breaking the games rules and banned him,he was plunged into depression,severe paranoia(偏执)and hallucinations(幻想).He spent three weeks in hospital.After that,he sued NCsoft for fraud and negligence(过失 ),demanding over $ 9m in damages and claiming that the company acted negligently by failing to warn him of the danger that he would become "addicted" to the game.
B.But does it make sense to talk of addiction to online activity? Mental-health specialists say three online behaviors can become problematic for many people: video games,pornography(色情作品 )and messaging via e-mail and social networks.But there is far less agreement about whether any of this should be called "Internet addiction"--or how to treat it.
C.Some mental-health specialists wanted "Internet addiction" to be included in the fifth version of psychiatrys bible,the"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders",known as DSM-V,which is currently being overhauled(全面修订).The American Medical Association endorsed(赞成)the idea in 2007,only to backtrack(放弃)days later.The American Journal of Psychiatry called Internet addiction a &;quot;common disorder" and supported its recognition.Last year the DSM-V drafting group made its decision: lnteruet addiction would not be included as a "behavioral addiction"--only gambling made the cut--but it said further study was necessary.
D.Skeptics say there is nothing uniquely addictive about the Internet.Back in 2000,Joseph Walther,a communications professor at Michigan State University,co-wrote an article in which he suggested,tongue in cheek,that the criteria used to call someone an Internet addict might also show that most professors were "addicted" to academia(学术活动).He argued that other factors,such as depression,are the real problem.
He stands by that view today."No scientific evidence has emerged to suggest that lnternet use is a cause rather than a consequence of some other sort of issue," he says."Focusing on and treating people for Internet addiction,rather than looking for underlying clinical issues,is definitely unwise."
E.Others disagree."That would be wrong," says Kimberly Young,a researcher and therapist who has worked on Interact addiction since 1994.She insists that the Internet,with its powerfully immersive environments,creates new problems that people must learn to navigate(应对).Otherwise,the changing lifestyle will affect the development of the society.
F.No one disputes that online habits can turn toxic.Take South Korea,where widespread broadband means that the average high-school student plays video games for 23 hours each week.In 2007 the government estimated that around 210,000 children needed treatment for Internet addiction.In 2010 newspapers around the globe carried the story of a South Korean couple who fed their infant daughter so little that she starved to death.Instead of caring for the child,the couple spent most nights at an Internet cafe,sinking hours into a role- playing game in which they raised,fed and cared for a virtual daughter.And several South Korean men have died from exhaustion after marathon,multi-day gaming sessions.
G.The South Korean government has since asked game developers to adopt a gaming curfew(宵禁)for children,to prevent them playing between midnight and 8 a.m.At the same time,it has also opened more than 100 clinics for Internet addiction and sponsored an "Internet rescue camp" for serious cases.
H.But compulsive behaviour is not limited to garners.E-mail or web-use behaviours can also show signs of addiction.Getting through a business lunch in which no one pulls out a phone to check their messages now counts as a minor miracle in many quarters.A deluge(泛滥)of self-help books,most recently "Alone Together" by Sherry Turlde,a social scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,offer advice on how to unplug(去除障碍).
I.Pornography is hardly new,either,but the Internet makes accessing it much easier than ever before.When something can be summoned in an instant via broadband,whether it is a game world,an e-mail inbox or pornographic material,it is harder to resist.New services lead to new complaints.When online auction sites first became popular,talk of "eBay addiction" soon followed.Dr.Young says women complain to her now about addiction to Facebook--or even to "FarmVille",a game playable only within Facebook.
J.Treatment centres have popped up around the world with the popularity of online games.In 2006 Amsterdams Smith &; Jones facility billed itself as "the first and,currently,the only residential video-game treatment program in the world".In America the reSTART Internet Addiction Recovery Program claims to treat Internet addiction,gaming addiction,and even "texting addiction".In China,meanwhile,military-style "boot camps" are the preferred way to treat Internet problems.
K.Yet many people like feeling permanently connected.As Arikia Millikan,an American blogger,once put it,"If I could be jacked in at every waking hour of the day,I would,and I think a lot of my peers would do the,same." Bob LaRose,an Internet specialist at Michigan State University,doesnt believe her.In his research on college students,he found that most sense when they are "going overboard and restore self-control".Less than1% have a pathological(病态的)problem,he adds.For most people,Internet use "is just a habit--and one that brings us pleasure."
46.According to Joseph Walther,it is unwise to emphasize the treatment of Internet addiction instead of seeking for potential clinical issues.
47.As online games become popular,treatment centres have sprung up all over the world.
48.After playing online games continuously for days,several South Korean men were exhausted to death.
49.Smallwood sued NCsoft and claimed a huge compensation for fraud and its negligence of warning him of the danger of game addiction.
50.In South Korea,a gaming curfew for children was adopted to prevent children playing after midnight.
5l.Internet addiction still needs to be further studied though the DSM-V did not categorize it as a "behavioral addiction".
52.An lnternet specialist found that most college students could realize when they are going too far and restore self-control.
53.According to mental-health specialists,for many people,video games,pornography and messaging via e-mail and social networks can become problematic online behaviors.
54.People regard it as a small miracle if nobody takes out a phone to read the messages at a business lunch.
55.Kimberly Young insists that people must learn to deal with new problems brought about by the Interact.
【参考译文】
真的是“上瘾”吗
A.强迫性的上网行为是否属于成瘾行为，又该如何治疗，心理健康专家对此意见不一。Craig Smallwood是美国的一位伤残退伍军人。五年间，他花了两万多小时玩一个名为“天堂Ⅱ”的在线角色扮演类游戏。当该游戏的开发商，韩国NCsoft公司指责Craig违反游戏规则，并将他的游戏账号封停时，他突然陷入抑郁及严重的偏执和幻想之中。[49]他到医院接受了三周的治疗。在这之后，smanwood以欺诈和过失为由控告Ncsoft公司，声称该公司没有告诫他该游戏的“网瘾”危害，要求获得900多万美元的赔偿金。
B.但是上网是否属于一种成瘾的行为呢?[53]心理健康专家认为有三种网络行为对很多人来说可能是问题性的(即容易停不下来)：玩电子游戏、浏览色情作品以及通过电子邮件和社交网络收发信息。然而，关于这些网络行为是否能被称为“网瘾”，又该如何治疗，专家们远未达成一致。
C.一些心理健康专家希望将“网瘾”列入新近正在全面修订的第五版精神病学的圣经——《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》(即第五版DSM)中。2007年，美国医学会曾一度赞成这一想法，但数天之后却改变了态度。《美国精神病学杂志》将网瘾称作一种“常见疾病”，并主张予以认定。[51]去年，第五版《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》编撰小塑决定，网瘾将不会被划入“行为成瘾”范畴——只有赌博行为被划入此列—二但是有必要对网瘾进一步展开研究。
D.持怀疑态度的人认为，互联网并没有让人上瘾的特性。早在2000年，美国密歇根州立大学传播学教授Joseph Walther就曾在与他人合作的一篇文章中颇具讽刺性地写道，用来评价某人是“网络狂”的那个标准或许也显示了大多数的教授都是“学术狂”。Walther教授认为，诸如抑郁等其他因素才是真正的问题所在。他至今仍坚持这种观点。他说：“尚无科学依据证实网瘾是由于使用互联网，而不是由其他因素造成的。[46]如果只是关注和治疗上网成瘾，而不去寻找潜藏的临床问题，这绝对是不明智的。”
E.也有人反对这种说法。自1994年便开始研究网瘾的研究员、心理治疗师KimbertyYoung表示：“那种说法可能有误。”[55]Young强调，互联网环境具有强大的吸引力，人们必须学会应对由其引发的新问题。否则，不断变化的生活方式将会影响社会的发展。
F.没有人质疑习惯性上网会对人有害(这个事实)。以韩国为例，宽带的普及导致韩国的高中生平均每周玩23个小时的电子游戏。2007年，韩国政府估计有近21万的儿童需要接受网瘾治疗。2010年全球的报纸都报道了一则新闻，即一对韩国夫妻因喂养不足导致女婴被饿死。这对夫妻不照顾现实中的亲生女儿，却大多数夜晚都泡在网吧里，沉浸在一个在线喂养和照顾虚拟女儿的角色扮演游戏中。[48]另外，还有几名韩国男性多日持续沉浸于网络游戏，因疲劳过度而死亡。
G.[50]此后，韩国政府要求游戏开发商对儿童采取网游宵禁，禁止他们在午夜到早晨8点之间玩游戏。同时，政府还开设了100家网瘾治疗诊所，并资助了针对严重病例开办的“网瘾拯救营”。
H.但强迫性上网行为并不仅仅局限于网游玩家。使用电子邮件和浏览网页也可能表现出上瘾的迹象。[54]如果在一次商业午餐中，没有人拿出手机查看信息，那么在许多人看来这都算是个小小的奇迹。现在有许多“自救”书籍，例如美国麻省理工学院的社会学家Sherry Turkle最近就出版了一本新书《一起孤独》，书中为如何摆脱网瘾提供了建议。
I.色情作品由来已久，但是网络让人们比以往更容易接触到色情资源。无论是游戏还是电子邮件，或是色情资源，只要是能够通过宽带网络立刻获得的东西，人们就很难抵挡其诱惑。新型服务会滋生新的问题。自网上拍卖网站开始流行后，不久“eBay上瘾”的说法就随之而来。Young医生表示，现在有很多女性向她诉苦，因为Facebook或只能在Facebook上玩的“开心农场”游戏让她们非常上瘾。
J.[47]堕着网络游戏的流行，治疗中心在全球如雨后春笋般出现。2006年，位于阿姆斯特丹的史密斯与琼斯治疗中心成立，并自称为“目前世界上第一家、也是唯一一家寄宿式电子游戏瘾治疗中心”。美国reSTART网瘾康复项目声称能治疗网瘾、游戏瘾，甚至还有“短信瘾”。在中国，军事化管理的“训练营”成为了治疗网瘾的主要方式。
K.然而许多人喜欢保持在线的感觉。美国的一位博主ArikiaMillikan曾经说过：“如果可以的话，我愿意在我醒着的每时每刻都在线，我相信我的很多同龄人也会这么做。”然而，美国密歇根州立大学的互联网专家BobLaRose对此表示怀疑。[52]在他对大学生展开的一项研究中，LaRose发现他们中的大多数人一旦感觉自己玩得太过火，就会恢复自控。LaRose还表示，只有不到1%的人会出现病态问题。对于大部分人来说，使用网络“只是一种习惯——并且是一种能够带来快乐的习惯”。
【答案解析】
46.D
解析：题干意为，根据JosephWalther所说，只关注对上网成瘾的治疗，而不寻找其潜在的临床问题，这是不明智的。注意抓住题干中的关键信息Joseph Walther、unwise、instead of和potential clinicalissues，文中论及JosephWalther教授观点的内容出现在D段，该段倒数第二句提到，Walther教授认为尚无科学依据证实网瘾是由于使用互联网，而不是由其他因素造成的。该段最后一句则提到，Walther教授认为，如果只是关注和治疗上网成瘾，而不去寻找潜藏的临床问题，这绝对是不明智的。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为D。
47.J
解析：题干意为，随着网络游戏变得流行，治疗中心在全球各地不断涌现。注意抓住题干中的关键信息online games、popular和treatment centres。文中论及全球涌现治疗中心的内容出现在J段，该段首句提到，随着网络游戏的流行，治疗中心在全球如雨后春笋般出现。其中，题干中的spring up对应原文中的popup，由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为J。
48.F
解析：题干意为，在数日不间断地玩网络游戏之后，几名韩国男性因精疲力竭而死。注意抓住题干中的关键信息several South Korean men和exhausted。文中论及韩国人受到网瘾危害的内容出现在F段，该段第一句提到人们一致认为上网成瘾对人有害。该段最后一句则提到了几名韩国男性多日持续沉浸于网络游戏，因疲劳过度而死亡的例子。由此可知，题于是对原文的同义转述，故答案为F。
49.A
解析：题干意为，Smallwood以欺诈和疏于告知其可能游戏成瘾的罪名控告NCsoft公司，并索取巨额的赔偿。注意抓住题干中的关键信息Smallwood、NCsoft和fraudanditsnegligence。文中论及Smallwood的内容出现在A段，该段提到，Craig SmMlwood因违反游戏规则，被游戏开发商韩国NCsoft公司封停了游戏账号，为此他极度抑郁，并陷入严重的偏执和幻想中。该段最后一句提到，Smallwoo以欺诈和过失为由控告NCsoft公司，声称该公司没有告诫他该游戏的“网瘾”危害，要求获得900多万美元的赔偿金。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为A。
50.G
解析：题干意为，在韩国实行了网游宵禁，以阻止儿童在午夜之后继续玩网络游戏。注意抓住题干中的关键信息SouthKorea和gaming curfew。文中论及韩国实行网游宵禁的内容出现在G段，该段第一句提到，韩国政府要求游戏开发商对儿童采取网游宵禁，禁止他们在午夜到早晨8点之间玩游戏。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为G。
51.C
解析：题干意为，尽管第五版的《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》没有将网瘾归为“行为成瘾”，但是这种现象仍然需要进一步研究。注意抓住题干中的关键信息lntemet addiction、further studied和behavioraladdiction。文中论及第五版的《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》如何界定网瘾的内容出现在c段。该段最后一句提到，去年，第五版《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》编撰小组决定，网瘾将不会被划入“行为成瘾”范畴——只有赌博行为被划入此列——但是有必要对网瘾进一步展开研究。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为C。
52.K
解析：题干意为，一位互联网专家发现大多数学生在意识到自己玩得太过火后，就会恢复自控。注意抓住题干中的关键信息college students和restore self-control。文中论及大学生可以自控上网行为的内容出现在K段，该段第四句提到，在对大学生展开的一项研究中，BobLaRose发现他们中的大多数人一旦感觉自己玩得太过火，就会恢复自控。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为K。
53.B
解析：题干意为，根据心理健康专家所说，对于很多人来说，玩电子游戏、浏览色情作品以及通过电子邮件和社会网络收发信息这三种网络行为可能会成为问题。注意抓住题干中的关键信息mental-healthspecialists、video games、pornography and messagin9和problematic。文中论及这一事实的内容出现在B段，该段第二句提到，心理健康专家认为有三种网络行为对很多人来说可能是问题性的(即容易停不下来)：玩电子游戏、浏览色情作品以及通过电子邮件和社交网络收发信息。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为B。
54.H
解析：题干意为，在许多人看来，如果在一次商业午餐中，没有人拿出手机查看信息，那这简直是一个小的奇迹。注意抓住题干中的关键信息miracle、a phone和a business lunch。文中论及商业午餐的内容出现在H段。该段第三句提到，如果在一次商业午餐中，没有人拿出手机查看信息，那么在许多人看来这都算是个小小的奇迹。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为H。
55.E
解析：题干意为，KimbedyYoung强调人们必须学会应对互联网引发的新问题。注意抓住题干中的关键信息Kimberly Young insists、new problems和the Intemet。文中论及Kimberly Young相关观点的内容出现在E段，该段第三句提到，Youn9强调，互联网环境具有强大的吸引力，人们必须学会应对由其引发的新问题。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为E。
英语四级试卷真题及答案8
Passage Three
Method of Scientific Inquiry
Why the inductive and mathematical sciences,after their first rapid development at the culmination of Greek civilization,advanced so slowly for two thousand years—and why in the following two hundred years a knowledge of natural and mathematical science has accumulated,which so vastly exceeds all that was previously known that these sciences may be justly regarded as the products of our own times—are questions which have interested the modern philosopher not less than the objects with which these sciences are more immediately conversant.Was it the employment of a new method of research,or in the exercise of greater virtue in the use of the old methods,that this singular modern phenomenon had its origin? Was the long period one of arrested development,and is the modern era one of normal growth? Or should we ascribe the characteristics of both periods to so-called historical accidents—to the influence of conjunctions in circumstances of which no explanation is possible,save in the omnipotence and wisdom of a guiding Providence?
The explanation which has become commonplace,that the ancients employed deduction chiefly in their scientific inquiries,while the moderns employ induction,proves to be too narrow,and fails upon close examination to point with sufficient distinctness the contrast that is evident between ancient and modern scientific doctrines and inquiries.For all knowledge is founded on observation,and proceeds from this by analysis,by synthesis and analysis,by induction and deduction,and if possible by verification,or by new appeals to observation under the guidance of deduction—by steps which are indeed correlative parts of one method; and the ancient sciences afford examples of every one of these methods,or parts of one method,which have been generalized from the examples of science.
A failure to employ or to employ adequately any one of these partial methods,an imperfection in the arts and resources of observation and experiment,carelessness in observation,neglect of relevant facts,by appeal to experiment and observation—these are the faults which cause all failures to ascertain truth,whether among the ancients or the moderns; but this statement does not explain why the modern is possessed of a greater virtue,and by what means he attained his superiority.Much less does it explain the sudden growth of science in recent times.
The attempt to discover the explanation of this phenomenon in the antithesis of “facts” and “theories” or “facts” and “ideas”—in the neglect among the ancients of the former,and their too exclusive attention to the latter—proves also to be too narrow,as well as open to the charge of vagueness.For in the first place,the antithesis is not complete.Facts and theories are not coordinate species.Theories,if true,are facts—a particular class of facts indeed,generally complex,and if a logical connection subsists between their constituents,have all the positive attributes of theories.
Nevertheless,this distinction,however inadequate it may be to explain the source of true method in science,is well founded,and connotes an important character in true method.A fact is a proposition of simple.A theory,on the other hand,if true has all the characteristics of a fact,except that its verification is possible only by indirect,remote,and difficult means.To convert theories into facts is to add simple verification,and the theory thus acquires the full characteristics of a fact.
1.The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is
[A].Philosophy of mathematics.[B].The Recent Growth in Science.
[C].The Verification of Facts.[C].Methods of Scientific Inquiry.
2.According to the author,one possible reason for the growth of science during the days of the ancient Greeks and in modern times is
[A].the similarity between the two periods.
[B].that it was an act of God.
[C].that both tried to develop the inductive method.
[D].due to the decline of the deductive method.
3.The difference between “fact” and “theory”
[A].is that the latter needs confirmation.
[B].rests on the simplicity of the former.
[C].is the difference between the modern scientists and the ancient Greeks.
[D].helps us to understand the deductive method.
4.According to the author,mathematics is
[A].an inductive science.[B].in need of simple verification.
[C].a deductive science.[D].based on fact and theory.
5.The statement “Theories are facts” may be called.
[A].a metaphor.[B].a paradox.
[C].an appraisal of the inductive and deductive methods.
[D].a pun.
答案详解
1.D.科学研究/探索的方法。文章一开始就提出问题，为什么从希腊文化顶峰时期后两千年来归纳法和数学科学发展如此缓慢，而后的两百年又超越了前人，是应用新，旧方法关系还是其它（见难句译注1，2）。第二段讲埃及古代在科学探索中运用了演绎推理法，而现在应用了归纳法。这种解释太狭隘，经仔细审核，难以很清晰地点明古代和现代科学教义和探究上明显的差别。因为一切知识都基于观察，通过分析，综合，或综合分析，归纳演绎推理，有可能的话，经过校正或经由演绎指导下再观察而向前推进。第三段进一步阐明不用这些方法观察，实验;忽略相关事实，推理不慎;不能答出理论的结论，再用实验或观察来检验等或用得不全，不论在古代还是现代都会失败。但这不能说明为什么现代科学具有较高的功效，通过什么方式方法，超越了前人，更不用说说明最近科学突飞猛进的原因。第四，五段涉及事实和理论的关系。
A.数学的哲学，文内没有提。 B.近来科学的发展。 C.事实的验证，只是最后两段提及验证方法之作用。
2.B.是上天的安排，这是作家在用方法论等失败后得出的结论。见难句译注4，第一段最后一句话。
A.两个阶段的相似性。 .两者都试图应用归纳法。 D.由于演绎法的衰落。
3.A.后者需要证实。答案在第四，五段，死段试图在事实的对立面和理论，或事实和思想中发现上述现象的解释看起来有饿太狭隘，也会因模糊不清遭批评。因为，对立面不全面，事实和理论不是同类的事物。理论，如果是真正的理论，就是事实——一种特殊类别的事实，一般复杂，但仍是事实。而事实，从词的狭义来说，如果很复杂，如果各成分中存在着逻辑的联系，就具有理论的一切主要特征。第五段第二句，事实是一个提议，通过运用知识的源泉和经验而证实的提议直接而又简单。而理论，若是真理论，就有事实的一切特性（除非其证实只能通过非直接的，遥远的和困难的方式方法），把理论转成事实必须用简单的核实，理论因此具有事实的一切特性。
B.前者简单。 C.是现代科学家和古希腊的差异。 D.帮助我们了解演绎法，三项都不对。
4.C.是推理演绎科学，这个问题常识就能回答。
A.归纳法科学。 B.需要简单证实。 D.基于事实和理论。
5.B.是一个悖论，见第四，五段注释。
A.比喻。 C.对归纳法和演绎法的赞扬。 D.双关语。
英语四级试卷真题及答案9
Professor Smith recently persuaded 35 people,23 of them women,to keep a diary of all their absent-mindedactions for a fortnight.When he came to analyse their embarrassing lapses(差错)in a scientific report,hewas surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groupings,Nordid the lapses appear to be entirely random(随机的).
One of the women,for instance,on leaving her house for work one morning threw her dog her earrings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear."the explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer," explains the professor."People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly.It was the woman’s custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her earrings.But somehow the action got reversed in the programme," About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these "programme assembly failures,"
Altogether the volunteers logged 433 unintentional actions that they found themselves doing---an average of twelve each,There appear to be peak periods in the day when we are at our zaniest(荒谬可笑的).These aretwo hours some time between eight a.m.and noon,between four and six p.m.with a smaller peak between eight and ten p.m."Among men the peak seems to be when a changeover in brain’ programmes’ occurs,as for instance between going to and from work." Women on average reported slightly more lapses----- 12.5 compared with 10.9 for men m probably because they were more reliable reporters.
A startling finding of the research is that the absent-minded activity is a hazard of doing things in which we are skilled.Normally,you would expect that skill reduces the number of errors we make.But trying to avoid silly slips by concentrating more could make things a lot worse m even dangerous.
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.In his study Professor Smith asked the subjects ________
A.to keep track of people who tend too forget things
B.to report their embarrassing lapses at random
C.to analyse their awkward experiences scientifically
D.to keep a record of what they did unintentionally
2.Professor Smith discovered that ________
A.certain patterns can be identified in the recorded incidents
B.many people were too embarrassed to admit their absent-mindedness
C.men tend to be more absent-minded than women
D.absent-mindedness is an excusable human weakness
3."Programme assembly failures"(Line 6,Para.2)refers to the phenomenon that people ______
A.often fail to programme their routines beforehand
B.tend to make mistakes when they are in a hurry
C.unconsciously change the sequence of doing things
D.are likely to mess things up if they are too tired
4.We learn from the third paragraph that _______
A.absent-mindedness tends to occur during certain hours of the day
B.women are very careful to perform actions during peak periods
C.women experience more peak periods of absent-mindedness
D.men’s absent-mindedness often results in funny situations
5.It can be concluded from the passage that _____
A.people should avoid doing important things during peak periods of lapses
B.hazards can be avoided when people do things they are good at
C.people should be careful when programming their actions
D.lapses cannot always be attributed to lack of concentration
参考答案
1.[D] 事实细节题。本文第1句中的to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions就是指to keep a record of what they did unintentionally,题目中的subjects指实验对象，被测试者。
2.[A] 事实细节题。根据第2句中nearly all of them fell into a few groupings可以找到本题答案，题目中的discover是该句中find的同义词,A的patterns与原文中的groupings意义相同。
3.[C] 语义题。根据第2段最后两句提到,但是不知怎么的这种行为在程序中颠倒了。这些被测试者报告的事件中二十个中有一个属于这种“流水线程序错误”。C的unconsciously与somehow对应,change the sequence of doing things与the action got reversed对应，故本题选C。
4.[A] 事实细节题。根据第3段的第2、3句“一天之中似乎存在一些人们易犯荒谬可笑错误的高峰时段”,之后到举了几个高峰时间，可知A与之相符。
5.[D] 推理判断题。根据文章最后两句“一般来说，我们会以为技术娴熟可以减少错误。但是为了避免出现愚蠢的失误而更加专注，只会把事情弄得更糟糕，甚至会导致危险。”可知D“差错并不总是注意力不集中导致的” 正确。
英语四级试卷真题及答案10
China Goes Car Crazy
In late April,as authorities in Beijing mobilized tocontain the SARS virus,33 -yearold Li Yangclimbed into her red Suzuki Alto and headed west.Slipping out of the city hours ahead of a governmentquarantine 1,she" just kept going to see how far I could get."Six days and 1,600 miles later,she arrived in Lhasa,the Tibetan capital.Thrilled and exhausted,she posted a notice on theInternet,documenting her adventure with digital photos and appealing for a companion toshare the drive home.
For centuries such freedom of movement has been unimaginable in China .In feudal times,poverty,bad roads,and imperial edict confined subjects of the Middle Kingdom to thevillages where they were born.Now all that is changing.After nearly a quarter century ofeconomic liberalization,car ownership is suddenly within reach of millions of ordinary Chinese.As incomes rise,new car prices plummet2,and the government adds new roadways,Chinas 1.3 billion inhabitants are eager to trade their bicycles for a faster set of wheels.In 2002passenger car sales topped one million for the first time.In the first six months of first year(2003 ),Chinas new car sales surge 85% over the same period last year.
The profusion of cars has launched a new cultural revolution,transforming Chinese life andsociety in ways that bear surprising resemblance to what happened in American 50 years ago.The most obvious change is the traffic.Beijings broad boulevards are now choked with cars atrush hour.In Shanghai the bridges and tunnels crossing the Huangpu River are so congestedthat a cab ride from one side to the other can be an hour-long ordeal.To prevent gridlock,theShanghai city government auctions a limited number of new car license plates each month.Nevertheless,demand has soared,driving the minimum successful bid to more than 4,000 .Even with these restrictions,the number of gas-guzzling vehicles on Chinese roads ismultiplying so fast it poses a grave threat to the environment and could reshape the globaleconomics of oil.
Beijing now boasts the drive-in3 movie theaters.Prospering yuppie4 SUV5 owners bandtogether of off-road excursions to the Great Wall.Some have organized weekend drag races.The newsstands display a riot of motor magazines,where readers can ogle domestic andimport models.Private -car ownership has spawned a new class of commuters,162 too,whomotor to downtown office towers from spacious,modern homes in the suburbs.
" I enjoy the drive,"says the manager for a Dutch food additives company,of the 30-minut-tripto his office in central Shanghai.He lives with his wife and infant son in a gated communitywith a familiar name : Long Island.The grounds are immaculately landscaped,and the homescome in French,Italian,and English Tudor model."It would be probably be cheaper to ride ataxi every day,"he confides."But this way I have more freedom."
练习题：
Ⅰ.Choose correct answers to the question:
1.Why did she post a notice on the Internet?
A.To document her adventure .B.To ask for help.
C.To appeal for a companion.D.To show off her bravery.
2.In feudal times,what confined people to the villages where they were born?
A.Poverty.B.The feudal government.
C.Their reluctance to leave home.D.Bad roads.
Ⅱ.Match word with its Chinese equivalent:
1.quarantine A.雅皮士
2.plummet B.“免下车”电影
3.drive-in movie C.隔离区
4.yuppie D.下跌,快速落下
参考答案
Ⅰ.1.A.C 2.A.B.D
Ⅱ.1 .C 2.D 3.B 4.A
参考译文
中国为车狂
2003年5月末,北京官方动员抗击非典时,33岁的李扬开动她的红色铃木奥托在北京被隔离前数小时开始西行。车子悄悄溜出城市,远离隔离区,她“ 只是想试试逃离,看自己能走多远”。历经6天,她跑了1600英里后,到达了西藏的省会拉萨。极度兴奋和疲劳之余,她在网上刊登数码照片叙述了她异乎寻常的经历,寻求一起驾车回家的同伴。
在中国,几个世纪以来,这样的来去自由是无法想象的。在封建时代,穷困的生活、坎坷的道路、专横的法令将中世纪王国的臣民禁锢在自己出生的小村庄。现在一切都在改变 。经过二十多年的改革开放,私家车已进入成千上万的寻常百姓家。收入增加,新车价格暴跌,政府兴建道路,使中国的13 亿国民急切地把他们的自行车换成四轮汽车。2002年轿车的销售量首次到了100万辆。2003年的上半年,汽车销量比去年同期上升了85% 。
汽车的普及引发了一场新的文化大革新,这种生活方式和社会的变化和50年前的美国有惊人的相似之处。最明显的变化就体现在交通状况上。北京的林荫大道上,上下班高峰时间里车满为患。在上海,交通严重堵塞时,通过黄浦江的大桥和隧道要花上几小时。为了防止交通堵塞,上海政府每个月限量拍卖车牌号。然而,购车欲望远远得不到满足,车牌号最低标价涨到了4000美元。即便如此,公路上耗油的汽车仍然在成倍增长,它们威胁到了环境,甚至会重塑全球的石油经济。
现在北京正兴起“ 免下车”电影院。富有的雅皮士们组队驾驶越野车到长城做短途旅行。有些人则每个周末组织汽车赛。报刊亭里各色的汽车杂志上面刊登着各色国产或进口样车的图片,读者可以一饱眼福。有车族形成了新型的通勤阶层。他们开车从郊区宽敞、现代的家到市中心的办公室。丹麦某食品添加剂公司的经理说:“ 我喜欢驾30分钟的车到上海市中心办公。”他和他的妻子以及襁褓中的儿子住在一个被冠名为“ 长岛”的封闭式社区里。周边的景色美化得无可挑剔,房屋有法式的、意大利式的和英国都铎式的。“ 可能每天打的士更便宜,”他坦言:“ 但是这样我更自由。”
阅读解析
1.quarantine v.(为防止传染病的流行而)将(人、畜、船等)隔离,如: He was quarantined for three weekswhen he had scarlet fever.(他患猩红热时被隔离了三个星期。)作名词的意思为“ 隔离期或隔离区”,如: Thequarantine for a dog entering Britain from abroad issix months.(从国外进入英国的狗检疫隔离期为6 个月。)文章中用作名词。
2.plummet v.① 快速落下,陡直掉下,如: The explosion sent the aircraft plummeting towardsthe sea.(爆炸后飞机一头栽向大海)。②(价格、水平等)骤然下跌,陡然变差,如:Market pricesplummeted.(行市骤跌。)Most of the industrial world plummeted into a deep recession.(大多数工业国一下子跌入了严重的衰退)
3.drive-in n.&adj.(顾客无须下车即可得到的服务的)“免下车”餐馆(或剧院、银行和邮局等),如: afast food drive-in(免下车路边快餐店); a drive-in movie(坐在车上观看的“ 免下车”电影); theconvenient drive-in window at the bank(银行“免下车”服务窗口)。
4.yuppie n.(美国)少壮职业人士,雅皮士。来源于young urban professionals 的首字母缩写+(hip)pie。从这个来源我们可以知道,雅皮士往往和hippie 即嬉皮士相对。嬉皮士是20 世纪60 年代出现于美国的颓废派一员,对现实社会抱不满情绪,常服用引起幻觉的麻醉剂,信奉非暴力和神秘主义,实行群居,蓄长发,穿奇装异服。
英语四级试卷真题及答案11
Baekeland and Hartmann report that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens.But at about age 15 or so,the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school,work,and other activities.These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.In general,these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious,active,energetic,cheerful,conformist(不动摇)in their opinions,and very sure about their career choices.They often held several jobs at once,or workers full-or part-time while going to school.And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their friends and associates.When asked to recall their dreams,the “short sleepers” did poorly.More than this,they seemed to prefer not remembering.In similar fashion,their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed,and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to,but less extreme than,sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic(疯人).The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed.Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood.They seemed to enjoy their sleep,protected it,and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest.They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers.” Many of the “long sleepers” were shy,anxious,introverted(内向),inhibited(压抑),passive,mildly depressed,and unsure of themselves(particularly in social situations).Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.
1.According to the report,______.A)many short sleepers need less sleep by nature B)many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are busy with their work C)long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the day D)many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood 2.Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that _____.A)sleep is a withdrawal from the reality B)sleep interferes with their sound judgement C)sleep is the least expensive item on their routine program D)sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles 3.It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers _____.A)are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of life B)often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleep C)do not know how to relax properly D)are more unlikely to run into mental problems 4.When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep,the long sleepers might ____.A)appear disturbed B)become energetic C)feel dissatisfied D)be extremely depressed 5.Which of the following is Not included in the passage? A)If one sleeps inadequately,his performance suffers and his memory is weakened B)The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the sane as those shown by many mental patients C)Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleep D)Short sleepers would be better off with more rest
【答案及详解】 答案：DCBAB 贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，“睡眠少的人”在未进入少年期之前，其正常睡眠时间大致与所需要的时间差不多。但到了15岁左右，由于学校、工作或其它活动的地压力，他们就故意地减少了夜间睡眠的时间。这些人持有这样的观点：夜间睡眠是一件令人讨厌的事情，打断了日常事务。 总的说来，这些“睡眠少的人”表现得雄心勃勃、积极活跃、精力充沛、无意识乐观豁达、立场坚定，对自己职业的选择胸有成竹。他们往往同时从事几项工作，或者一边上学读书，一边从事专职或兼职工作。其中许多人有强烈愿望，想在朋友和熟人面前表现得“正常”或“合群”。 当让他们回忆梦境时，“睡眠少的人”回忆不起什么来。更有甚者，他们似乎情愿什么都记不住。类似的情况是他们通常处理心理问题的方式：不承认问题的存在，希望只要忙忙碌碌，麻烦总会过去的。 “睡眠少的人”的睡眠模式与被划入疯子之类精神病患者的睡眠模式十分相似，只不过没有那么严重而已。 “睡眠多的人”情形则大不相同。贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，这些年轻人从小的，有抱负的睡眠就一直很长。他们好像注重睡眠，不让睡眠受打搅。偶尔没有所需的9个小时夜间卧床休息，他们便会十分不安。他们比“睡眠少的人”要更能回忆得起梦的内容。许多“睡眠多的人”腼腆、焦躁、内向、压抑、消极和稍微有点儿沮丧，尤其在社交场合缺乏自信。好几个人坦言，睡眠是摆脱每天烦恼的一种方式。
英语四级试卷真题及答案12
As is known to all,the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex.Generally speaking,the Accounts Department is __1__ for calculations of pay,while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.
If a firm wants to __2__ a new wage and salary structure,it is essential that the firm should decide on a __3__ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees.In order to be __4__,that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers.In job evaluation,all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description.Each of thsoe requirements is given a value,usually in points,which are __5__ together to give a total value for the job.For middle and higher management,a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job,their responsibility,and their __6__ to solve problems.Because of the difficulty in measuring management work,however,job grades for managers are often decided without __7__ to an evaluation system based on points.
In attempting to design a pay system,the Personnel Department should __8__ the value of each job with these in the job market.__9__,payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed.Where it is simple to measure the work done,as in the works done with hands,monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen,for __10__ workers,where measurement is difficult,methods of additional payments are employed.
[A]compare
[B]responsible
[C]useful
[D]added
[E]find
[F]reference
[G]indirect
[H]method
[I]successful
[J]combined
[K]Necessarily
[L]capacity
[M]ability
[N]Basically
[O]adopt
【答案】
1.选B)。此处应填形容词。原文意思为“会计部门...计算报酬”，选项中的形容词responsible“负责任的”，useful“有用的”，indirect“间接的”，successful“成功的”，其中indirect不能与for连用，排除;剩余几项中只有B)responsible意义符合原句，其他均不符合，故排除。
2.选O)。此处应填动词原形。本文主题就是采用一种新的工资和薪水制度时需要注意的问题，选项中的动词原形有compare“比较”，find“找到”，adopt“采纳”，分别带入原文，只有adopt最符合原文意思，故选O).
3.选H)。此处应填名词。从原文看，and连接并列结构，所以要填的词应与and后面的ways意思一致，选项中的名词只有mathod = ways，故选H)method。
4.选I)。此处应填形容词。上文说新的工资制度需要一套决定工作评估和衡量雇员表现的方法，说的是制度“是否有用”的问题。这句说的时新的工资制度执行过程中的问题，劳资双方先期达成一致是薪酬制度成功的必要条件。形容词useful和successful，I)seccessful更符合原文意思。
5.选D)。此处应填动词。这个动词的宾语是point“分值”，把分值...起来to give a total value得出总分值，选项中有added和combined，前者指“把...相加”，后者意为“把...结合在一起”，原文指将分值相加得出总分，故D)added最符合文意。
6.选M)。此处应填名词。首先solve problem“解决问题”是经理们应具备的能力，选项中的capacity与ability都可以表示“能力”;前者强调的是理解的能力和接受事物的能力，而后者强调实际应用的能力，故不难判断解决问题的能力应该用M)ability。
7.选F)。此处应填名词。前半句指出“因为管理工作很难评估，经理的工作得分不需要参照基于分值的评估系统决定。”without reference to为固定搭配，意思是“与...无关”。故选F)reference。
8.选A)。此处应填动词原形。原句中出现了the value of each job“每种工作的价值”和these in the job market“工作市场上的(工作价值)”，说明人事部门通过比较两种价值来计算工资制度。选项中只有compare表示“比较”，所以A)正确。
9.选K)。此处应填副词，修饰整句话。“报酬要随工作表现各方面的不同而有所改变”，选项中Necessarily“必须地”与Basically“基本地”为副词，分别带入原文，“报酬...的变化是必须的”更符合上下文意思，故排除N),选K)。
10.选G)。此处应填形容词。前文中提到一种情况即simple to measure the work done易于评估的工作，通常用现金奖励办法;而...measurement is difficult“难于评估的”，说明这些工作人员的工作不像手工工作那么直接，因而是间接的，故选项中只有G)indirect符合原句的意思。
英语四级试卷真题及答案13
The stone age,The Iron Age.Entire epochs have been named for materials.So what to call the decades ahead? The choice will be tough.Welcome to the age of superstuff.Material science -- once the least sexy technology – is bursting with new,practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramicsthat may revolutionize electronics.But superconductors are just part of the picture: from house and cars to cook pots and artificial teeth,the world will someday be made of different stuff.Exotic plastics,glass and ceramics willshape the future just as surely as have genetic engineering and computer science.
The key to the new materials is researchers’ increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level.Ceramics,for example,have long been limited by their brittleness.But by minimizing the microscopic imperfections that cause it,scientists are making far stronger ceramics that still retain such qualities as hardness and heat resistance.Ford Motor Co.now uses ceramic tools to cut steel.A firm called Kyocera has created a line of ceramic scissors and knives that stay sharp for years and never rust or corrode.
A similar transformation has overtaken plastics.High-strength polymers now form bridges,ice-skating rinks and helicopter rotors.And one new plastic that generates electricity when vibrated or pushed is used in electric guitars,touch sensors for robot hands and karate jacketsthat automatically record each punch and chop.Even plastic litter,which once threatened to permanently blot the landscape,has proved amenable to molecular tinkering.Several manufacturers now make biodegradable forms; some plastic six-pack rings for example,gradually decompose when exposed to sunlight.Researchers are developing ways to make plastics as recyclable as metal or glass.Besides,composites – plastic reinforced with fibers of graphite or other compounds – made the round-the-world flight of the voyager possible and have even been proved in combat: a helmet saved an infantryman’s life by deflecting two bullets in the Grenada invasion.
Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist.The newest fiberoptic cable that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.
But new materials have no impact until they are made into products.And that transition could prove difficult,for switching requires lengthy research and investment.It can be said a firmer handle on how to move to commercialization will determine the success or failure of a country in the near future.
1.How many new materials are mentioned in this passage?
[A] Two
[B] Three
[C] Four
[D] Five
2.Why does the author mention genetic engineering and computer science?
[A] To compare them with the new materials.
[B] To show the significance of the new materials on the future world.
[C] To compare the new materials to them.
[D] To explain his view point.
3.Why is transition difficult?
[A] Because transition requires money and time.
[B] Because many manufacturers are unwilling to change their equipment.
[C] Because research on new materials is very difficult.
[D]Because it takes 10 years.
4.Where lies success of a country in the New Age of superstuff?
[A] It lies in research.
[B] It lies in investment.
[C] It lies in innovation.
[D] It lies in application.
Vocabulary
1.superstuff 超级材料
2.superconducting ceramic 超导陶瓷
3.exotic 神奇的
4.shape 塑造，成型
5.brittleness 脆性
6.polymer 聚合体
7.karate jacket 空手道外衣
8.touch sensor 触及传感器
9.each punch and chop 每一个击、打
10.blot 玷污，损害风景的东西
11.tinker 修补，调整
12.amendable 服从于，遵循的
13.biodegradable 能生物递减分解的
14.six-pack rings 放六个罐子的环状物
15.decompose 分解
16.recyclable 可循环(使用的)
17.infantryman 步兵
18.deflect 使偏斜，使转向
19.a new twist 一个新的观点，方法
难句译注
1.Material science – once the least sexy technology – is bursting with new,practicaldiscoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics.
【参考译文】材料科学，一度曾是最无吸引力(最不起眼)的技术，正以崭新的 ，以超导陶瓷为首的种种实用性发明绽开新颜。这种超导陶瓷可能会使电子技术彻底改变。
2.Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist.The newest fiberopticcables that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.
【参考译文】有些高级材料是带有新方法的老标准。最新全国电话的光纤电缆由玻璃制成。这种玻璃透明度极高，一片100英里厚的玻璃比一块标准的窗框玻璃还要清晰透明。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇介绍“超导材料”的论说文,采用一般到具体的分类写作手法。先指出未来时代的材料属于超导，然后再提出三种超导材料，再逐一说明。
答案详解
1.B 三种超导材料。答案再第一段最后一句“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷”。下面各段具体讲这三种材料。第二段讲陶瓷：“新材料之关键在于研究工作者不断提高在分子水平上处理物质的能力。举陶瓷为例，由于它的脆性，长期来应用范围有限。但是通过改善导致脆性的微小缺陷，科学家制造出一种保持原有硬度和抗热性，但坚实得多的陶瓷”。第三段讲塑料。“类似的转折发生在塑料上，高强度的塑料建成了桥梁、溜冰场、直升机的叶轮。一种震动或推动就能发电的新型塑料用于电子吉他上，触及传感塑料用于机械手和空手道外衣上，它能自动记录每次击打。”后面谈及塑料垃圾可以处理，或者制造可分解还原的塑料制品。塑料内加入其他化合物加强性能。第四段讲有些高级材料由新的改变，最新的光纤电缆由玻璃制成，透明度极高，100英里厚的一块其清晰度比一块普通窗玻璃还高。
2.B 说明这种新材料对未来世界的意义。答案在第一段：“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷一定会象生物工程和计算机一样将改变世界。”A.把它们和新材料相比较，这里不仅仅是比较，而是说明三者都具同样的作用--改变世界。 C.把新材料比作它们。也不仅仅是比喻比拟。 与A一样没有说到核心电。D.说明他的观点。太笼统。
3.A 转折需要钱和时间。见最后一段“可是新材料只有制成产品才有影响，而这个转折可能很困难，因为转折需要长期的研究和投资。可以这么说，在不久的将来，更牢牢地掌握如何把材料转变成商品将决定一个国家之成败。”B.因为许多制造商不愿改变他们的设备。C.因为新材料的研究非常困难。 D.转折要华上十年时间。这三项文内没有涉及。
4.D 在超级材料时代已过之成功在于应用。A.在于研究。B.在于投资。C.在于革新。这三项都是应用的部分前提。其中A和B文内提到，C项文内未涉及。
英语四级试卷真题及答案14
Forecasting of Statistics
Nearly two thousand years have passed since a census decreed by Caesar Augustus become part of the greatest story ever told.Many things have changed in the intervening years.The hotel industry worries more about overbuilding than overcrowding,and if they had to meet an unexpected influx,few inns would have a manager to accommodate the weary guests.Now it is the census taker that does the traveling in the fond hope that a highly mobile population will stay long enough to get a good sampling.Methods of gathering,recording,and evaluating information have presumably been improved a great deal.And where then it was the modest purpose of Rome to obtain a simple head count as an adequate basis for levying taxes,now batteries of complicated statistical series furnished by governmental agencies and private organizations are eagerly scanned and interpreted by sages and seers to get a clue to future events.The Bible does not tell us how the Roman census takers made out,and as regards our more immediate concern,the reliability of present day economic forecasting,there are considerable differences of opinion.They were aired at the celebration of the 125th anniversary of the American Statistical Association.There was the thought that business forecasting might well be on its way from an art to a science,and some speakers talked about newfangled computers and high-falutin mathematical system in terms of excitement and endearment which we,at least in our younger years when these things mattered,would have associated more readily with the description of a fair maiden.But others pointed to the deplorable record of highly esteemed forecasts and forecasters with a batting average below that of the Mets,and the President-elect of the Association cautioned that “high powered statistical methods are usually in order where the facts are crude and inadequate,the exact contrary of what crude and inadequate statisticians assume.” We left his birthday party somewhere between hope and despair and with the conviction,not really newly acquired,that proper statistical methods applied to ascertainable facts have their merits in economic forecasting as long as neither forecaster nor public is deluded into mistaking the delineation of probabilities and trends for a prediction of certainties of mathematical exactitude.
1.Taxation in Roman days apparently was based on
[A].wealth.[B].mobility.[C].population.[D].census takers.
2.The American Statistical Association
[A].is converting statistical study from an art to a science.
[B].has an excellent record in business forecasting.
[C].is neither hopeful nor pessimistic.
[D].speaks with mathematical exactitude.
3.The message the author wishes the reader to get is
[A].statisticians have not advanced since the days of the Roman.
[B].statistics is not as yet a science.
[C].statisticians love their machine.
[D].computer is hopeful.
4.The “greatest story ever told” referred to in the passage is the story of
[A].Christmas.[B].The Mets.
[C].Moses.[D].Roman Census Takers.
词汇解析
1.census人口调查
2.decreed分布法令
3.influx汇集，流入(人口或物)
4.census taker人口调查员
5.in the intervening years在这期间
6.sampling取样(调查)
7.presumable可能的，可推测的
8.batteries一连串，一系列
9.sage圣人;聪明的(人—)
10.seer先知
11.newfangled新型的(贬义)
12.high-falutin夸大的，夸张的
13.deplorable悲惨的，杂乱的
14.batting average平均成功率(原指击球平均得分数)
15.ascertainable可以确定的/确切的
16.delineation描述
17.exactitude精确
1.The hotel industry worries more about overbuilding than overcrowding,and if they had to meet an unexpected influx,few inns would have a manager to accommodate the weary guests.
[结构简析]复合句。And后为虚拟条件句。
[参考译文]旅馆业就忧虑旅馆建的太多，不愁人太多。但是如果他们不得不碰到意想不到大批旅客，没有什么旅馆会有一位经理去安排疲惫不堪的客人的食宿。
答案详解
1.C.人口。答案在第六句，“那时罗马计算人头作为征税的适当基础，目的很简单。”
A.财富。 B.流动性。 C.人口调查员。
2.A.正把统计研究从文科转变成理科。这是从第六句开始讲的一种观点。“现在，政府机构和私人组织的一系列复杂的统计数字，由智者和先知人物殷切地浏览和解释以取得预先外未来事件的线索。圣经并没有告诉我们罗马的人口调查员是怎么调查统计的。至于我们当前更加关心的问题：目前经济预测的可靠性，意见分歧很大。美国统计协会125周年庆祝活动上，人们在大肆宣扬这些不同观点。有一种说法是经济预测可能正从文科转向科学(理科)发展。有些人兴高采烈大谈新型计算机和非常高级数学系统。”作者虽然没有明说，明眼人一看便知，艺术向科学转变正是美国统计协会在把统计学从文科转向理科。所以A.对。
B.在商业预测方面具有杰出的记录。不对。实际上“平均成功率还低于the Mets”
C.既没有希望也不乐观。文内没有提及。只提作者他们半喜半忧离开协会。
D.以数学的精确性来说话。见下道题解释。协会部分人却有此看法“数学精确性。”
3.B.统计学(到现在为止)还不是一门科学(理科)。文章最后几句话。“连统计协会的主席也告戒说高能统计法在实际材料原始和不允许的地方一般发挥正常。这跟低级的，不合适的统计员所假定的正好相反。我们怀着忧“希”掺半的心情离开周年庆祝宴会，怀着确实不是新近才有的信念，相信应用于确切材料上恰当的统计法在经济预测中有它的贡献，只要预测人员和公众不受蒙蔽，误呆板所述概率和趋势当作数学精确无比的预测就行。”
A.统计员从罗马时代起就没向前进步过。 C.统计员爱计算机。这两项文内没有提到。 D.计算机前程远大。文内只讲了有些人怀着兴高采烈的心情大讲新型计算机和非常高级数学“系统”，暗示了计算机大有希望。但不是所有人都这样认为的。最重要的计算机的应用并不能改变这个事实：统计学不是立刻，而是文科。所以B.对。
4.A.基督，圣诞节，指基督的诞生。圣经中的一个故事。
B.the Mets.圣经中率领希伯莱人出埃及的领袖，也作放债的犹太人讲。 C.摩西。 D.罗马人口调查员。
英语四级试卷真题及答案15
Foxes and farmers have never got on well.These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals.They are officially classified as harmful and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them.
Farmers can also call on the services of their local hunt to control the fox population.Hunting consists of pursuing a fox across the countryside,with a group of specially trained dogs,followed by men and women riding horses.When the dogs eventually catch the fox they kill it or a hunter shoots it.
People who take part in hunting think of as a sport; they wear a special uniform of red coats and white trousers,and follow strict codes of behavior.But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive,so most hunters are wealthy.
It is estimated that up to 100,000 people watch or take part in fox hunting.But over the last couple of decades the number of people opposed to fox hunting,because they think it is brutal(残酷的),has risen sharply.Nowadays it is rare for a hunt to pass off without some kind of confrontation(冲突)between hunters and hunt saboteurs(阻拦者).Sometimes these incidents lead to violence,but mostly saboteurs interfere with the hunt by misleading riders and disturbing the trail of the fox’s smell,which the dogs follow.
Noisy confrontations between hunters and saboteurs have become so common that they are almost as much a part of hunting as the pursuit of foxes itself.But this year supporters of fox hunting face a much bigger threat to their sport.A Labour Party Member of the Parliament,Mike Foster,is trying to get Parliament toapprove a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal.If the law is passed,wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain.
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.Rich people in Britain have been hunting foxes ________.
A.for recreation
B.in the interests of the farmers
C.to limit the fox population
D.to show off their wealth
2.What is special about fox hunting in Britain?
A.It involves the use of a deadly poison.
B.It is a costly event which rarely occurs.
C.The hunters have set rules to follow.
D.The hunters have to go through strict training.
3.Fox hunting opponents often interfere in the game ________.
A.by resorting to violence
B.by confusing the fox hunters
C.by taking legal action
D.by demonstrating on the scene
4.A new law may be passed by the British Parliament to ________.
A.prohibit farmers from hunting foxes
B.forbid hunting foxes with dogs
C.stop hunting wild animals in the countryside
D.prevent large-scale fox hunting
5.It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A.killing foxes with poison is illegal
B.limiting the fox population is unnecessary
C.hunting foxes with dogs is considered cruel and violent
D.fox-hunting often leads to confrontation between the poor and the rich
参考答案
1.[A] 事实细节题。根据第3段第1句的前半部分People who take part in hunting think of it as a sport可知，参加捕杀的人们把猎杀狐狸当成是一种运动，A与之相符。
2.[C] 事实细节题。根据第3段首句末尾说，凡是参加的人都要遵循严格的行为准则，C “猎手已建立起需要遵循的规则”与之相符，故选C。
3.[B] 事实细节题。第4段末句提到，在大部分情况下，阻拦者利用为骑马的人引错路和进行气味干扰来干涉捕猎，B与之相符，故选B。
4.[B] 事实细节题。文章倒数第2句提及，督促议会通过一项新法案,将带狗猎杀野生动物列为非法。而狐狸是野生动物的一种，故选B。
5.[C] 推断题。.根据第4段第2句后半部分可知，反对捕猎狐狸的人数在上升是因为他们认为捕猎狐狸是残酷的，故选C。
英语四级试卷真题及答案16
Not surprising in these hard times,the student’s major objective “is to be financially well off.Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.” It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting.
Interest in teaching,social service and the“altruistic”fields is at a low.On the other hand,enrollment in business programs,engineering and computer science is way up.
That’s no surprise either.A friend of mine(a sales representative for a chemical company)was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the job-even before she completed her two-yearassociate degree.
While it’s true that we all need a career,it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions m be they scientific or artistic.It is equally true that,in studying thediverse wisdom of others,we learn how to think.More important,perhaps,education teaches us to see the connections between things,as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.
Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages,only to drive their employer out of business.No company; no job.How shortsighted in the long run!
But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages,we improve our moral sense.I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom(对讲机): “Miss Baxter,”he says,“could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?”
From the long-term point of view,that’s what education really ought to be about.
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.According to the author’s observation,college students _______.
A.have never been so materialistic as today
B.have never been so interested in the arts
C.have never been so financially well off as today
D.have never attached so much importance to moral sense
2.The students’ criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with _______.
A.the influences of their instructors
B.the financial goals they seek in life
C.their own interpretations of the courses
D.their understanding of the contributions of others
3.By saying “While it’s true that ...be they scientific or artistic”(Lines 1-3,Para.5),the author means that _______.
A.business management should be included in educational programs
B.human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speed
C.human intellectual development has reached new heights
D.the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked
4.Studying the diverse wisdom of others can ________.
A.create varying artistic interests
B.help people see things in their right perspective
C.help improve connections among people
D.regulate the behavior of modern people
5.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A.Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.
B.Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong.
C.People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.
D.Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.
答案
1.[A]事实细节题。根据第1段可知，根据调査，当今处于传统年龄的大学一年级的学生在17年来的民意测验中是“最追求物质享受、最自私的”，这与A所述相一致。
2.[B]事实细节题。根据第2段第1句指出现在大学生选择专业的目的是为了经济上的富裕，B中的financial goals对应文中的financial well off，故正确。
3.[D]句意理解题。本句首选强调Career职业的重要性，之后强啁我们也必须理解其他领域的知识，所以这句目的是强调全面教育的重要性，故D正确。
4.[B]事实细节题。根据第5段第2句：同样毋庸置疑的还有，学习他人的各种智慧时，我们也学会怎样去思考。句中how to think与B中的see things in…right perspective意思最为相反，故B正确。
5.[D]事实细节题。根据文章的第5至6段可知，作者认为罢工要求加薪等一些追求眼前利益的行为是目光短浅的，故D正确。
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