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英语专业八级考试阅读试题及答案详解
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英语专业八级考试阅读试题及答案详解 1
The Result of the Falling US Dollar
Like a ticking time bomb, the falling dollar has grabbed the attention of Japan and West Germany, forcing them to consider adopting economic polices the United States advocates. The U.S. government wants the dollar to fall because as the dollar declines in value against the yen and Deutsche mark, U.S. good becomes cheaper. U.S. companies then sell more at home and abroad, and U.S. trade deficit declines. Cries for trade protection abate, and the global free-trade system is preserved.
Then, the cheaper dollar makes it cheaper for many foreign investors to snap up U.S. stocks. That prompts heavy buying from abroad—especially from Japan. Also, if the trade picture is improving, that means U.S. companies eventually will be more competitive. Consequently, many investors are buying shares of export-oriented U.S. companies in anticipation of better profits in the next year or so. But that is a rather faddish notion right now; if corporate earnings are disappointing in interest rates, the stock market rally could stall.
Improving U.S. competitiveness means a decline in another’s competitiveness.
Japan and West Germany are verging on recession. Their export-oriented economies are facing major problems. Japan is worried about the damage the strong yen will do to Japanese trade. West Germany is also worried. Share prices in Frankfurt plummeted this past week. Bonn is thought to be considering a cut in interest rates to boost its economy.
Could the falling dollar get out of hand? If the dollar falls too far, investors might lose confidence in U.S. investments—especially the government bond market. The money to finance the federal budget and trade deficits could migrate elsewhere. Inflation could flare up, too, since Japanese and German manufacturers will eventually pass along price hikes—and U.S. companies might follow suit to increase their profit margins. The U.S. federal Reserve then might need to step in and stabilize the dollar by raising interest rates. And higher interest rates could cause the U.S. economy to slow down and end the Wall Street Rally.
Worried about these side effects, Federal Reserve chairman Paul Volcher has said the dollar has fallen far enough. What is the equilibrium level? Probably near where it is or slightly lower. It all depends on when the U.S. trade deficit turns around or if investors defect from U.S. Treasury Bonds. “It requires a good deal of political patience on the part of the U.S. Congress,” says Dr. Cline, “And there must be an expectation of patience on the part of private investors. The chance are relatively good that we will avoid an investor break or panic.”
1. What is the main idea of this passage?
[A] The impression of the falling U.S. dollar.
[B] The result of the U.S. falling dollar.
[C] The side effect of U.S. falling dollar.
[D] Japan and West Germany are worried about U.S. falling dollar.
2. What does the word “rally” mean.
[A] prosperity. [B] decline. [C] richness. [D] import.
3. Why are Japan and West Germany worried about the falling dollar?
[A] Because the falling dollar may cause inflation in their countries.
[B] Because it may force them to sell a lot of U.S, stocks.
[C] Because it may do damage to their trade.
[D] Because it may make Japanese company less competitive.
4. If dollar-falling got out of hand, and the U.S. Federal Reserve might step in , what would happen?
[A] The prosperity of the U.S. economy would disappear.
[B] The U.S. economy might face serious problems.
[C] Investors might lose confidence in U.S. investments.
[D] Inflation could flare up.
答案详解：
1. B. 美元下跌的结果。全篇文章都讲的美元下跌的后果。
A. 美元下跌的印象。 C. 美元下跌的副作用，均不对。 因为还讲述了有利的一面。 D. 日本的、西德担忧美元下跌，这只是其中的部分内容。
2. A. 繁荣。第五段“美元下跌是否会失控：如果美元下跌过多，投资者可能会失去对美国投资的信心，特别是对美国的债务市场。对联邦政府预算和贸易赤字提供的资金可能移向其它市场，因为日本和西德厂商最终会将上涨的价格转嫁出去，美国公司也可能这么做，以提高其市场利润幅度，从而使通货膨胀再次爆发。美国联邦储备委员会这时可能需要介入，提高利率来稳定美元。而较高利率会导致美国经济减慢，华尔街的`繁荣行将结束。”
B. 衰退。 C. 富有。 D. 出口，都不是rally之含义。
3. C. 因为下跌对他们贸易有损害。第三段“改善美国竞争力意味着其他国家的竞争力下降。”第四段，“日本和西德正濒于经济衰退的边缘。其出口导向的经济正在面临严重问题。日本担心由于日元坚挺而给其贸易带来损害，西德也在发愁。上个星期，法兰克福股市价格暴跌。据说，波恩已在考虑降低利率以振兴其经济。
A. 美元下跌会使他们国家通货膨胀。没有正式提到, 内涵只是贸易带来的其他具体问题。 B. 它可能迫使他们卖掉许多美国股票。 D. 这可能使日本竞争力下降。问题是提出两国，不单单是日本。
4. A. 美国经济繁荣消失，见第2题答案A的注释。
B. 美国经济可能面临严重问题。太笼统。 C. 投资者可能对在美国投资失去信心。这不是美国联邦储备委员会介入后发生之事。 D. 通货膨胀全面爆发。这也是介入之后果。
英语专业八级考试阅读试题及答案详解 2
The Importance of Independent Thinking
No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that asa thinker it is her first duty to follow her intellect to whateverconclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the errors ofone who with due study and preparation, thinks for himself,than by the true opinions of those who only hold them becausethey do not suffer themselves to think. No that it is solely, ofchiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking isrequired. One the contrary, it is as much or even moreindispensable to enable average human beings to attain the mental stature which they are capableof. There have been and many again be great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mentalslavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually activepeople. Where any of heterodox speculation was for a time suspended, where there is a tacitconvention that principles are not to be disputed: where the discussion of the greatest questionswhich can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally highscale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never whencontroversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm wasthe mind of a people stirred up fro9m its foundation and the impulse given which raised evenpersons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.
She who knows only her own side of the case knows little of that. Her reasons may be food, andno one may have been able to refute them. But if she s equally unable to refute the reasons of theopposite side; if she does not so much as know what they are, she has no ground for preferringeither opinion. The rational position for her would be suspension of judgment, and unless shecontents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the worldthe side to which she feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that she should heat thearguments of adversaries from her own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompaniedby what they offer as refutations, That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bringthem into real contact with her own mind. She must be able to hear them form persons whoactually believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. She mustknow them in their most plausible and persuasive form; she must feel the whole force of thedifficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will neverreally possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine ina hundred of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of those who can arguefluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything theyknow; they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differentlyform them and considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, inany proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess.
1. The best title for this passage is
[A] The Age of Reason [B] The need for Independent Thinking
[C] The Value of Reason [D] Stirring People s Minds
2. According to the author, it is always advisable to
[A] have opinions which cannot be refuted.
[B] adopt the point of view to which one feels the most inclination.
[C] be acquainted with the arguments favoring the point of view with which one disagrees,
[D] suspend heterodox speculation in favor of doctrinaire approaches.
3. According to the author, in a great period such as the Renaissance we may expect to find
[A] acceptance of truth [B] controversy over principles
[C] inordinate enthusiasm [D] a dread of heterodox speculation
4. According to the author, the person who holds orthodox beliefs without examination may bedescribed in all of the following ways EXCEPT as
[A] enslaved by tradition [B] less than fully rational
[C] determinded on controversy [D] having a closed mind
5. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which ofthe following statements
[A] A truly great thinker makes no mistakes.
[B] Periods of intellectual achievement are periods of unorthodox reflection,
[C] The refutation of accepted ideas can best be provided by one s own teachers.
[D] excessive controversy prevents clear thinking
答案详解：
1. B 独立思考的必要性。见难句译注1。这里说明进行独立思考的人即使犯错误，真理也能从中获得东西，而那些懒于思考人，即使持有正确的观点，真理也难以获得东西。第一段还点明思想禁锢时期，即不能进行独立思考时期，难以讨论重大议题，产生不了活跃的人民，绝不会出现像辉煌的文艺复兴那种时期(见第二题注)。第二段也是围绕独立思考而写，只是从具体点着眼：人只知自己，不知对方无法获得真理，只有独立思考两方，才能不为权威所左右，不会跟着自己感觉走，最终知道自己的真正主张。
A. 理性时代。 C. 驳斥的价值。 D. 激发人民的思想。
2. C 熟悉有利于自己不同意/反对观点的论点。这是作者在第二段讲述的重要论点。他认为一个人只知自己一方，推理极好，无人能反驳，却不知对方的推理，也不能够予以反驳的话，他就无权选择两方的任一论点，其理智位置是停止判断。否则她就会(像世界上芸芸众生那样)不是为权威所“引导”，就是跟着感觉(的倾向)走。其二，作者提出：光听自己的老师讲述对立面的论点，以及他们所提出的反驳论点。只是不够的，必须倾听那些人(他们真正相信对立的观点)的论点，并为此积极热情，竭尽全力辩护，才能使自己的思想和独立论点接触，公正的作出公正的判断。
A. 具有不能驳斥的观点。 B. 采取个人感觉最倾向的观点。 D. 停止有利于教条主义研究的异端思考。
3. B 辩论原则问题。答案在第一段：在思想禁锢的气氛中，过去，现在可能会产生个别的思想家，但绝不会有思想活跃的人民，在那里有一种心照不宣的.惯律：原则决不能讨论。认为占据人类心灵的最重大问题的讨论应封闭，我们不能期望看到一般高级的思想活动。这种思想活动曾使历史上某些时期光辉灿烂。而文艺复兴就是思想活动的顶峰时期，必然会讨论原则问题，所以选B 。
A. 接受真理，周经过讨论才能接受真理。 C. 过度的热情。 D. 害怕异端思考。
4. C. 在辩论上，坚定不移。这是一道推断题，一般讲：持有未经检验的正统信仰的人不会独立思考，更不会怀疑他所信仰的东西。
A. 为传统所奴役。 B. 不怎么理智。 D. 头脑闭塞。这种人必然受传统思想控制，不理智更不愿接受外界新鲜事物。
5. B. 在思想方面取得成就的时期就是进行非正统反思的时期。见3题注释。
A. 一个真正的思想家不犯错误。 C. 一个人的老师最能提供所接受思想观点的反驳。 D. 过度的辩论会制止清晰的思考。
英语专业八级考试阅读试题及答案详解 3
Passage One
The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be “all things to all people”. In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow-minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than being means, have become ends. Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. In short, driven by careerism, “the nation’s colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials than in providing a quality education for their students.” The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an “integrated core” of common learning. Such a core would introduce students “to essential knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus.”
Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. In fact, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed: “Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most.” Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates. Faculty members who dedicate themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure, promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculty say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that “There is pressure to publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications.”
1. When a college tries to be “all things to all people” (Line 1, Para. 1), it aims to _____.
A. satisfy the needs of all kinds of students simultaneously
B. focus on training students in various skills
C. encourage students to take as many courses as possible
D. make learning serve academic rather than productive ends
2. By saying that “in too many academic fields, the work has no context” (Line 4, Para. 1) the author means that the teaching in these areas _____.
A. ignores the actual situation
B. is not based on the right perspective
C. only focuses on an isolated aspect
D. gives priority to the cultivation of a global vision
3. One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universities is that _____.
A. a narrow-minded careerism has come to dominate many colleges
B. students don’t have enough freedom in choosing what they want to learn
C. skills are being taught as a means rather than as ends
D. students are only interested in obtaining credentials
4. American colleges and universities failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates because _____.
A. most of them lack high-quality faculties
B. the interests of most faculty members lie in research
C. there are not enough incentives for students to study hard
D. they attach greater importance to research and publication than to teaching
5. It can be inferred from the passage that high-quality college education calls for _____.
A. putting academic work in the proper context
B. a commitment to students and effective teaching
C. the practice of putting learning to productive ends
D. dedication to research in frontier areas of knowledge
Passage Two
I have had just about enough of being treated like a second-class citizen, simply because I happen to be that put-upon member of society—a customer. The more I go into shops and hotels, banks and post offices, railway stations, airports and the like, the more I’m convinced that things are being run solely to suit the firm, the system, or the union. There seems to be a new motto for the so-called “service” organization—Staff Before Service.
How often, for example, have you queued for what seems like hours at the Post Office or the supermarket because there weren’t enough staff on duty to man all the service grilles or checkout counters? Surely in these days of high unemployment it must be possible to recruit cashiers and counter staff. Yet supermarkets, hinting darkly at higher prices, claim that enshrouding all their cash registers at any one time would increase overheads. And the Post Office says we cannot expect all their service grilles to be occupied “at times when demand is low.”
It’s the same with hotels. Because waiters and kitchen staff must finish when it suits them, dining rooms close earlier or menu choice is cut short. As for us guests (and how the meaning of that word has been cut down in hotels!), we just have to put up with it. There’s also the nonsense of so many so-called “luxury” hotels advertising their new-fangled decor, when the reality is that they don’t achieve the standards of comfort and service that used to be taken for granted in a good hotel, even a moderately-priced one.
In these days of rising prices, it’s not surprising that many of us are looking to cut corners when it comes to shopping. But it seems that the harder supermarkets try to attract our custom, the less one feels welcome. How many times have you found yourself approaching the self-service tills only to be told that there are no bags because it’s not someone’s job to replenish them, or that the cashier has to go and get a price check on some item?
I constantly find myself saying, “I don’t want to be difficult, but...” when asking for something to be done about one or other of the countless annoyances that characterise shopping in the 21st century. I don’t think I am alone in feeling that we customers are getting a raw deal, and that it’s time to assert our rights as consumers.
6. The author feels that nowadays customers are _____.
A. not worthy of special treatment
B. not provided with proper service
C. considered to be inferior members of society
D. regarded as privileged
7. In the author’s opinion, the quality of service is changing because _____.
A. the staff are less considerate than their employers
B. customers are becoming more demanding
C. customers are unwilling to pay extra money
D. more consideration is given to the staff than customers
8. According to the author, long queues at counters are caused by _____.
A. not enough staffing arrangements
B. difficulties in recruiting staff
C. lack of cooperation between staff members
D. employers’ reluctance to hire additional staff
9. The author argues that the quality of service in hotels has declined because _____.
A. tourists are more demanding than they used to be
B. hotels no longer provide standard comfort and service
C. the staff are less concerned with the satisfaction of guests
D. new-fangled decor has replaced good service
10. The author’s final solution to the problem discussed in the passage is that _____.
A. we should assert our rights as consumers
B. we should cut corners when it comes to shopping
C. we should do all we can to avoid being difficult customers
D. we should make our complaints known to the management
答案详解
Passage One
1. 答案：C
解析：根据第一段第三句“Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree.”可知，学校试图满足学生的各种需求，让学生可以通过选择各种课程来获得学位，即鼓励学生尽可能多地选课，所以答案为C。
2. 答案：C
解析：“in too many academic fields, the work has no context”这句话的意思是在太多的学术领域，教学工作没有背景或关联性，也就是说教学只关注孤立的某个方面，而忽略了知识之间的联系和整体的背景，所以答案为C。
3. 答案：A
解析：第一段第二句“In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow-minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students.”指出当前危机的原因是学校越来越迎合狭隘的职业主义，而没有培养学生的'全球视野，所以答案为A。
4. 答案：D
解析：第二段指出虽然好的大学关键在于高质量的教师，但大多数大学却不鼓励教学，教师们知道研究和发表论文更重要，致力于教学的教师得不到终身职位、晋升或大幅加薪，这导致大学未能让一半的四年制学位候选人毕业，所以答案为D。
5. 答案：B
解析：文章第一段指出大学教育存在的问题是过于注重职业主义，忽视了教育的本质，第二段又指出大学不重视教学，导致教育质量下降，由此可推知，高质量的大学教育需要对学生的投入和有效的教学，所以答案为B。
Passage Two
6. 答案：B
解析：文章开篇作者就表达了自己作为顾客被当作二等公民的不满，后文又列举了在各种场所遇到的服务不到位的情况，如邮局、超市、酒店等，所以作者认为现在的顾客没有得到应有的服务，答案为B。
7. 答案：D
解析：根据第一段最后一句“There seems to be a new motto for the so-called ‘service’ organization—Staff Before Service.”可知，作者认为服务质量变化的原因是现在的服务机构更注重员工而不是顾客，所以答案为D。
8. 答案：A
解析：第二段作者以邮局和超市为例，指出因为没有足够的员工值班，导致顾客排队时间长，所以答案为A。
9. 答案：C
解析：第三段作者指出酒店的服务质量下降是因为服务员和厨房工作人员只在方便自己的时候工作，而不考虑顾客的满意度，所以答案为C。
10. 答案：A
解析：文章最后一句“I don’t think I am alone in feeling that we customers are getting a raw deal, and that it’s time to assert our rights as consumers.”表明作者认为顾客应该维护自己作为消费者的权利，所以答案为A。
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