专八翻译-“得”字句翻译技巧
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“得”字句的概念
得字句是由“得”字放在动词前或者“得”附在动词或形容词后面构成的句子。动词前的 “得”主要表示必须的含义。放在动词或形容词后面的 “得”可以表示：1.表示能力或可能性的 “得”字句;2.表示结果或程度的 “得” 字句3.表示必须。根据 “得”的含义， “得”字句的翻译现分述如下：
“得”字句的翻译
(一)表示 “必须”的 “得”字句的翻译：肯定句翻译成 “must(should, have to) + verb”;否定句( “不得”) 翻译成 “mustn’t + verb”或用正反翻译法。
1)这事放松不得。
This matter must be paid close attention.
2)天要下雨了，我得走了。
It’s going to rain, and I must (have to) be off now.
(二) 表示 “能力” 或 “可能性” 的 “得”字句，可以利用下列结构来翻译
1. 翻译成英语的情态动词 “can (could)”或“to be able to Verb”
1)他看得出两者的区别。
He was able to see the difference between the two.
2)这个礼堂坐得下1500人吗?
Can this auditorium hold 1500 people?
2. 翻译成英语带后缀“-able”, “-ible”的形容词。例如：
1)这种蘑菇吃得。
Such mushroom is edible.
2)远处地平线上，还隐隐约约看得见一艘船。
In the distance, a ship is barely visible on the horizon.
3. 翻译成英语带 “to be capable of” 结构。例如：
1)那个恶棍什么事情都干得出来。
That scoundrel is capable of anything.
2)杀人越货这种事，他都干得出来。
He was capable of robbing and killing.
(三)表示结果或程度的 “得”字句的翻译。
英语中表示结果或程度的方式很多，因此，汉语中表示结果或程度的 “得”字句可以用英语的表示程度或结果的方式来翻译。具体如下：
1. 用 “so … that” 来翻译。如：
1)听到这好消息，他们高兴得载歌载舞。
At this good news, they were so glad that they can’t help (refrain from) dancing and singing.
2)他说得太快了，他说的什么呀?
He spoke so fast that I cannot catch his words.
2. 用 “ so … as to …”来翻译，如：
1)他书念得很好，能得好成绩。
He studied so hard as to get good marks.
2)他壮得象头牛，而我却瘦得象根竹竿。
He is so strong as to look like a horse and I am as thin as a lath (so thin to look like a lath).
3. 用 “Such … that ”来翻译，如：
1)天气热得大家喘不过气来。
It was such a hot weather that people were out of breath.
2)她在排演中搞得太过分了，两名南男演员退出不干了。
She went to such lengths in rehearsal that two actors walk out./
To such lengths did she go in rehearsal that two actors walk out.
4. 用 “too … to…”来翻译，如：
1)太阳羞得遮住了脸。
The sun is too shy to shine.
2)恐怕事情已经闹得不可收拾了。
I’m afraid things have gone too far to be set right.
5.用 “too… for …”翻译，如：
1)这些苹果酸得不能吃。
These apples are too sour for eating.
2)她半信半疑地对自己说着，声音低得差不多只有她自己才听得见。
She said dubiously to herself, her voice too low for anyone else to hear.
6. 用 “enough to…”, “enough for…”来翻译，如：
1)天气冷得手指都僵了。
It was cold enough to freeze our fingers.
2)超人的速度太快了，快得火车都跑不赢他。
The superman runs fast enough to outrun the rain.
7. 用 “and”连接的.并列结构，但连接的两个并列项在语义上，其中一项表示结果。
他的歌声引起了听众的哄笑，便羞愧得赶忙离开了比赛会。
His singing made the audience burst out laughing. He felt ashamed and left the competition hurriedly.
8. 用英语的 “SVOC”句型的被动结构来翻译。
1)昨晚，他被打得遍体鳞伤。
Last night, he was beaten black and blue.
2)他的衣服被强盗剥得精光。
He was stripped stark naked by the bandits.
9. 用英语的 “S + linking-Verb +Adjective”句型来翻译，如：
1)今天的路显得特别的漫长。
The way home seemed extremely long today.
2)酒的颜色红得像血一样。
The wine is as red as blood.
10. 用英语的 “V + POST ADVERBIAL”结构来翻译，如：
1)噩耗传来，她哭得那样伤心。
On hearing the bad news, she wept so bitterly.
2)他不住校，却总是来得早，去得晚。(与 boarder相对)
Though he was not a boarder, he always arrived early and left late. (day(nonresident) student vs boarder)
11. 用英语的 “V + NP(ADJ.+NOUN)”来翻译，如：
1)中国人民的生活过得很幸福。
The Chinese people are leading (living) a happy life.
2))他法语讲得很流利。
He speaks fluent French.
12. 用英语 “till (until) + 结果状语从句”来翻译，如：
1)他笑得肚子痛。
He laughed till his sides split.
2)他逗得孩子乱叫。
He teased the child until he began howling.
13. 用英语 “动词 + 表原因的介词短语”来翻译，如：
1)她冷得直打哆嗦。
She shivered with cold.
2)听到这个好消息，他高兴得跳了起来。
At this good news, he jumped for joy.
14.把汉语中的 “得”字补语翻译成谓语。
1)他热得满头大汗。
He was sweating all over.
2)人和马都被雨水淋得湿透了。
Both men and horses were drenched with the rain.
15. 用英语“动词+名词+动词不定式”
1)他的话说得我想哭。
What he said made me feel like weeping.
2)阳光把海水照得像缎子一般。
The sunshine made the sea gleam like satin.
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