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专八英语考试阅读理解试题附答案
无论是在学习还是在工作中，我们最熟悉的就是试题了，试题是命题者按照一定的考核目的编写出来的。你知道什么样的试题才算得上好试题吗？下面是小编帮大家整理的专八英语考试阅读理解试题附答案，希望对大家有所帮助。
专八英语考试阅读理解试题附答案 1
Can electricity cause cancer? In a society that literally runs on electric power, the very idea seems preposterous. But for more than a decade, a growing band of scientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic fields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies. The implications are unsettling, to say the least, since everyone comes into contact with such fields, which are generated by everything electrical, from power lines and antennas to personal computers and micro-wave ovens. Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimate—or the worst kind of paranoia.
Now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form late last week, the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence “suggests a casual link” between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields—those having very longwave-lengths—and leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer, While the report falls short of classifying ELF fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as “a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans.”
The report is no reason to panic—or even to lost sleep. If there is a cancer risk, it is a small one. The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the Whit House. But now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much more research is needed.
At the heart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon: When an electric current passes through a wire, tit generates an electromagnetic field that exerts forces on surrounding objects, For many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces might be harmful, primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak. The ELF magnetic field generated by a video terminal measures only a few milligauss, or about one-hundredth the strength of the earth’s own magnetic field, The electric fields surrounding a power line can be as high as 10 kilovolts per meter, but the corresponding field induced in human cells will be only about 1 millivolt per meter. This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.
How could such minuscule forces pose a health danger? The consensus used to be that they could not, and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like X-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body. Such “ionizing” radiations have been clearly linked to increased cancer risks and there are regulations to control emissions.
But epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data, do not prove cause and effect. Though there is a body of laboratory work showing that exposure to ELF fields can have biological effects on animal tissues, a mechanism by which those effects could lead to cancerous growths has never been found.
The Pentagon is for from persuaded. In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report, Air Force scientists charge its authors with having “biased the entire document” toward proving a link. “Our reviewers are convinced that there is no suggestion that (electromagnetic fields) present in the environment induce or promote cancer,” the Air Force concludes. “It is astonishing that the EPA would lend its imprimatur on this report.” Then Pentagon’s concern is understandable. There is hardly a unit of the modern military that does not depend on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment, from huge ground-based radar towers to the defense systems built into every warship and plane.
1. The main idea of this passage is ___________
[A]. studies on the cause of cancer
[B]. controversial view-points in the cause of cancer
[C]. the relationship between electricity and cancer.
[D]. different ideas about the effect of electricity on caner.
2. The view-point of the EPA is ___________
[A]. there is casual link between electricity and cancer.
[B]. electricity really affects cancer.
[C]. controversial.
[D].low frequency electromagnetic field is a possible cause of cancer
3. Why did the Pentagon and Whit House object to the release of the report? Because ___________
[A]. it may stir a great deal of debate among the Bush Administration.
[B]. every unit of the modern military has depended on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment.
[C]. the Pentagon’s concern was understandable.
[D]. they had different arguments.
4. It can be inferred from physical phenomenon ___________
[A]. the force of the electromagnetic field is too weak to be harmful.
[B]. the force of the electromagnetic field is weaker than the electric field that the cells generate.
[C]. electromagnetic field may affect health.
[D]. only more powerful radiation can knock electron out of human body.
5. What do you think ordinary citizens may do after reading the different arguments?
[A].They are indifferent. [B]. They are worried very much.
[C]. The may exercise prudent avoidance. [C]. They are shocked.
Vocabulary
1. preposterous 反常的，十分荒谬的，乖戾的
2. leukemia 白血病
3. malignancy 恶性肿瘤
4. legitimate 合法的，合理的`
5. paranoia 偏执狂，妄想狂。这里指：无根据的担心。
6. lymphoma 淋巴瘤
7. carcinogen 致癌物
8. minuscule 很小的，很不重要
9. consensus 舆论
10. wallop 乱窜，猛冲，冲击力
11. epidemiological 流行病学的
12. blistering 罗嗦的，胡扯的
13. critique 评论，批评
14. imprimatur 出版许可(官方审查后的)，批准
答案：BCBAD
专八英语考试阅读理解试题附答案 2
A new analysis of federal money that public schools receive for low-income students shows that a record number of the nation’s school districts will receive less in the coming academic year than they did for theone just ended.
For the 2005-2006 school year, spending under the Department of Education’s Title I program, which helps low-achieving children in high-poverty areas, is increasing by 3.2 percent, to $12.6 billion. But because of population shifts, growing numbers of poor children, newer census data and complex formulas that determine how the money is divided, more than two-thirds of the districts, or 8,843, will not receive as much financing as before.
The analysis, based on data from the department, was made by the Center on Education Policy, a group advocating for public schools. A similar study by the group last year showed that 55 percent of the schools would receive less money than they did in the previous year.
“It’s an alarming number,” said Tom Fagan, a former department official who conducted the analysis. “It’s clear that the amount of overall increase is not keeping pace with the number of poor kids.”
Susan Aspey, a department spokeswoman, defended the spending levels for Title I，saying, “President Bush and Congress have invested record amounts of funding to help the nation’s neediest students.”
But Mr. Fagan said the increasing number of districts that are losing money is making it harder for the schools to meet the goals of the federal No Child Left Behind Act, the Bush administration’s signature education program, which measures progress through annual tests in math, reading and science. That is giving critics of the program more grounds to accuse the administration of not sufficiently financing the program while demanding greater results.
Title I provides the largest component of financing for No Child Left Behind.
“The federal government is concentrating more money in fewer districts," said John F. Jennings, the president and chief executive of the Center on Education Policy. “It means there is lots of anger and lots of tension. They’re asking us to do more and more with less and less.”
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.As it is indicated in the passage, the new analysis _____.
A.studied the federal money spent on low-income students
B.aimed at promoting the establishment of more public schools
C.showed that about half the schools would receive less money
D.was conducted by the Department of Education’s Title I program
2.Which of the following factors does NOT lead to the result that more than two-thirds of thedistricts will get more poorly financed?
A.People often move from one place to another.
B.There are more children from poor families.
C.The way of distributing money has changed.
D.Spending under the Title I program decreased.
3.Susan Aspey looks at the funding by the government with _______.
A.criticism
B.consent
C.Indifference
D.expectation
4.According to Tom Fagan, ______.
A.the government has done its best to finance the poor children
B.the goals of No Child Left Behind Act are difficult to realize
C.the way of measuring progress by annual tests should be changed
D.the Bush government shouldn’t have approved the Title I program
5.When the government concentrates more money in fewer districts, _____.
A.more poor children will get benefited
B.more public schools will have to be closed
C.it will arouse more people’s dissatisfaction
D.No Child Left Behind Act will be realized sooner
1.[A] 事实细节题。本题考査对长句的理解。从第1段首句中的“…of…”这一结构可知这个最新分析是要研究联邦政府资金问题的。所以排除B。由第3段第1句可知这项最新分析是由the Center on Education Policy 进行的，因此排除选项D。根据第3段最后一句，选项C中show的行为主体应为similar study。
2.[D] 事实细节题。本题考查因果关系。第2段第2句指出有三个原因造成超过2/3的地区得到的资金减少，选项A、B、C是对这三个原因的近义改写，但其中选项C与原句的形式分别最大，容易造成误选。
3.[B] 观点态度题。本题考查文人物的观点。苏珊·阿斯贝的.观点态度只能从第5段推断出，从这一段中的defended和record amount of funding可知她对教育部的拨款数是认同的。选项A和C都是贬义词，不可 能表达她的观点;选项D虽是褒义词,但苏珊是在陈述已发生的事实，而不是发表对教育部的期望。
4.[B] 推理判断题。本题考查对复合句的理解。由文中第6段第1句中的harder... to meet...可知选项B正确。选项C最具干扰性，要排除这个干扰，关键是要理解第6段第1句中由which引导的非限制性定语从句的作 用。这个从句是对前面“the Bush administration’s signature education program”的附加事实信息，不属于汤姆·法甘的看法。
5.[C] 推理判断题。根据第6段第1句可知选项A和D与事实不符。最后一段倒数第2句中的anger和tension两词，可推断人们对此表示不满。
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