专业八级英语备考试题阅读精选练习
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New and bizarre crimes have come into being with the advent of computer technology.Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes…
Theft of data, or data crime, has attracted the interest of organized criminal syndicates.This is usually the theft or copying of valuable computer grogram.An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market.Buyers for stolen programs may range from a firm’s competitors to foreign nations.
A competitor sabotages a company’s computer system to destroy or cripple the firm’s operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector.This computer sabotage may also be tied to an attempt by affluent investors to acquire the victim firm.With the growing reliance by firms on computers for their recordkeeping and daily operations, sabotage of their computers can result in internal havoc, after which the group interested in acquiring the firm can easily buy it at a substantially lower price.Criminal groups could also resort to sabotage if the company is a competitor of a business owned or controlled by organized crime.
Politically motivated sabotage is on the increase; political extremist groups have sprouted on every continent.Sophisticated computer technology arms these groups with awesome powers and opens technologically advanced nations to their attack.Several attempts have already been made to destroy computer facility at an air force base.A university computer facility involved in national defence work suffered more than $2 million in damages as a result of a bombing.
Computer vulnerability has been amply documented.One congressional study concluded that neither government nor private computer systems are adequately protected against sabotage.Organized criminal syndicates have shown their willingness to work with politically motivated groups.Investigators have uncovered evidence of cooperation between criminal groups and foreign governments in narcotics.Criminal groups have taken attempts in assassinating political leaders….Computers are used in hospital life-support system, in laboratories, and in major surgery.Criminals could easily turn these computers into tools of devastation.By sabotaging the computer of a life-support system, criminals could kill an individual as easily as they had used a gun.By manipulating a computer, they could guide awesome tools of terror against large urban centers.Cities and nations could become hostages.Homicide could take a now form.The computer may become the hit man of the twentieth century.
The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international.It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences.Although criminals have adapted to computer technology, law enforcement has not.Many still think in terms of traditional criminology.
1.How many kinds of crimes are mentioned in the passage?
[A]7
[B]8
[C]9
[D]10
2.What is the purpose of a competitor to sabotage a company’s computer?
[A]His purpose is to destroy or weaken the firm’s operational ability.
[B]His purpose is to weaken firm’s competitive capability and get it.
[C]His purpose is to buy the rival’s company at a relatively low price.
[D]His purpose is to steal important data.
3.Which of the following can be labeled as a politically motivated sabotage of a computer system?
[A]Sabotage of a university computer.
[B]Sabotage of a hospital computer.
[C]Sabotage of computer at a secret training base.
[D]Sabotage of a factory computer.
4.What does the author mean by “Homicide could take a new form”?
[A]There is no need to use a gun in killing a person.
[B]Criminals can kill whoever they want by a computer.
[C]The computer can replace any weapons.
[D]The function of a computer is just like a gun.
Vocabulary
1.bizarre 奇怪的
2.vandalism 破坏，故意破坏文化，艺术的行为
3.cripple 使瘫痪，削弱
4.fence 贼市，脏品买卖处
5.neutralize 使成为无效
6.affluent 富裕的
7.recordkeeping 记录存贮
8.havoc 浩劫，大破坏
9.resort to 求助于，借助于
10.motivate 作为……的动机，激发
11.extremist 过激分子，极端主义分子
12.sprout 萌发迅速发展
13.awesome 令人惊惧的，引起敬畏的
14.vulnerability 易受攻击，脆弱
15.devastation 劫持，破坏
16.hospital life-support system 医院的生命维持系统
17.hit man 职业凶手(杀手)
18.pool 集中(资金)合办，入股
19.criminology 犯罪学，刑事学
难句译注
1.Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes…
[结构简析] 句子很长，都是简单句，中间有分号隔开，后面是举例。
[参考译文] 有组织犯罪团伙也直接参与：计算机新技术较为犯罪提供了无限的机会，如数据信息犯罪，偷窃服务项目，跟财产有关的犯罪，工业破坏，跟政治有关的破坏，破坏文化艺术，对个人和财经方面的罪行等等。
2.An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market.
[结构简析] 并列句，and 作对比连接词用。
[参考译文] 一个计算机信息的国际市场已经存在，而专门从事脏品交易的市场据说在迅速扩展的犯罪市场中起着关键的作用。
3.A competitor sabotages a company’s computer system to destroy or cripple the firm’s operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector.
[结构简析] 主谓宾补结构，后跟thus+从句表示结果。
[参考译文] 竞争对手破坏一个公司的`计算机系统为的是摧毁或削弱公司的操作运行能力，从而使其丧失在私人或政府部门中的竞争力。
4.The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international.It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences.
[结构简析] 两句话。前一句为主谓宾，后一句为主从句，从句内采用too…to 句型，后跟分词独立结构进一步说明。
[参考译文] 计算机为国内和国际有组织犯罪集团开辟了犯罪的广泛领域。它要求它们集中资源，提高通力协作力量，因为许多犯罪太复杂，一个集团难以驾驭，特别是那些需要巨大的脏品交易时常网络的罪行。
写作方法与文章大意
文章介绍“计算机犯罪”，采用分类写作手法，先列出种种计算机犯罪项，下面逐一说明。文本只选四种犯罪——信息数据偷窃或信息(数据)犯罪，产业破坏，政治破坏，对个人生命破坏。分四段叙述，每段为一种罪行，最后是对比罪犯势力越来越有组织，势力请大，而司法部门却没有准备好。
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