英语专八阅读理解复习加分训练
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Personality is to a large extent inherent -- A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.
One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the ‘win at all costs’ moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: “Rejoice, we conquer!”
By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.
Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A-youngsters change into B’s. The world needs A types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child’s personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.
If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B’s are important and should be encouraged.
习题
1. According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually ________.
[A] impatient
[B] considerate
[C] aggressive
[D] agreeable
2. The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because ________.
[A] the pressure is too great on the students
[B] some students are bound to fail
[C] failure rates are too high
[D] the results of exanimations are doubtful
3. The selection of medical professionals is currently based on ________.
[A] candidates’ sensitivity
[B] academic achievements
[C] competitive spirit
[D] surer values
4. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that ________.
[A] the personality of a child is well established at birth
[B] family influence dominates the shaping of one’s characteristics
[C] the development of one’s personality is due to multiple factors
[D] B-type characteristics can find no place in competitive society
全文翻译
人的个性很大程度上取决于遗传—A型父母通常生养出A型子女。但是环境也应该有深远的影响，因为如果竞争对父母来说很重要，那它也可能成为孩子生活中的一个重要因素。
学校是培养A型孩子的场所，从本质来讲，学校是一个高度竞争性的机构。太多的学校遵从“不惜一切代价求胜”的道德标准并以运动成绩来衡量其成功。目前热衷于让孩子与同学竞争或与时间赛跑造成了一种双重体制。在这种体制中，竞争性的A型学生在某些方面似乎比B型的学生要好。对胜利过于执着也会带来危险的后果。请记住，第一位马拉松运动员菲底庇德斯在说完“欢庆吧，我们征服了!”之后几秒钟便倒地丧生。
学校最糟糕的竞争方式是对考试的过分重视。能允许学生专注于所擅长之事的学校实为罕见。通过考试竞争这种做法的好处本身有点值得怀疑，但在明确知晓有人会在考试中失败的前提下仍进行竞争是肯定有害的。
显然，让所有A型儿童都转变为B型既不现实也并不必要。世界需要不同的类型，学校的重要职责就是要努力使儿童的个性适合于他将来的职业。这是最高水平的教育经营。
如果学校少强调一下学业，也许就有更多的'时间向孩子传授更重要的价值观念。也许对照料性职业的人员选择，尤其是医务工作，可以少参照他们的化学成绩，而要更多地考虑他们的敏感性和同情心。完全从A型人中挑选医生肯定是错误的。B型人也很重要，应该受到鼓励。
重点句
Too many schools adopt the “win at all costs” moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements.
该句意义：
该句直接抨击了学习以成就去估量一个人是否成功(measure the success by sporting achievements)、以成败论英雄的社会必然造就很多“不惜一切代价获取成功”(win at all costs)的人的这一事实，可以引申该内容与社会竞争中的不择手段和毫无道德相联系。在考研写作中，我们可以完全参照写出相应的句子。比如：Too many people adopt the “win at all costs” moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements.
习题答案
答案:CBBC
1.According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually__.
1.根据这篇文章，A型性格的人通常是_________________。
[A] impatient
[A] 缺乏耐心的
[B] considerate
[B] 体贴人的
[C] aggressive
[C] 好斗的、积极进取的
[D] agreeable
[D] 和蔼的、易相处的
2.The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because__.
2. 作者强烈反对学校中的考试制度，因为______。
[A] the pressure is too great on the students
[A] 它给学生造成的压力过大
[B] some students are bound to fail
[B] 一些学生肯定通不过
[C] failure rates are too high
[C] 不及格率过高
[D] the results of exanimations are doubtful
[D] 考试成绩值得怀疑
3.The selection of medical professionals are currently based on__.
3.当前选用医疗护理人员的标准是___________。
[A] candidates’ sensitivity
[A] 申请者的敏感程度
[B] academic achievements
[B] 学业成绩
[C] competitive spirit
[C] 竞争精神
[D] surer values
[D] 更可靠的价值
4.From the passage we can draw the conclusion that__.
4.我们可以从文章中得出的结论是______________。
[A] the personality of a child is well established at birth
[A] 儿童的个性在出生时就已确立
[B] family influence dominates the shaping of one' s characteristics .
[B] 家庭的影响对人性格特征的形成起主导作用
[C] the development of one' s personality is due to multiple factors
[C] 人的性格发展取决于多种因素
[D] B-type characteristics can find no place in competitive society
[D] 在竞争的社会中，B型性格的人不能找到其位置
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