2017年中考英语语法详解:情态动词、系动词

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　　在英语中，表示主语动作或状态的词就叫做动词。根据动词的意义及在句子中的作用，可将动词分为实义动词(v)、系动词(link-v)、情态动词(modal verb)和助动词(v. aux)四种类型。基以下是百分网小编搜索整理的关于2017年中考英语语法详解:情态动词、系动词，供参考学习，希望对大家有所帮助!想了解更多相关信息请持续关注我们应届毕业生考试网!

2017年中考英语语法详解:情态动词、系动词

　　一、情态动词

　　情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，要和动词原形一起构成谓语，表说话人的语气和态度。它没有人称和数的变化。常见的情态动词有：

　　1. can表示能力，有“能”“会”的意思;表示可能性，多用在否定或疑问句中;表示请求和许可。

　　如：The parrot can speak three languages. 这只鹦鹉能讲三种语言。

　　Can I borrow the book from the library?我可以从图书棺借这本书吗?

　　Shanghai can be very cold in March. 上海三月份可能会很冷。

　　拓展延伸can还有过去式could 可表“能，会”，又可以和be able to替换，而be able to有更多时态。如：

　　He could swim when he was four. =He was able to swim when he was four. 他四岁时就会游泳。在一般疑问句中，can/could 常用来表示请求或征求对方意见，用could 比用can语气更加委婉和客气。类似用法的还有Will /Would you (please)…等句型。

　　如：Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? 你能告诉我怎样到邮局吗? Would you please turn up the radio?请你把收音机开大点，好吗?

　　2.may表示“许可”时，相当于can，其否定回答用can’t/mustn’t;表推测时，常用在肯定句中，表“可能”。

　　如：-May I borrow your ruler?我可以借用您的直尺吗?

　　-No, you can't /mustn't. 不行。

　　She may be a teacher. 她可能是一名教师。

　　拓展延伸may可表示祝愿。如： May you succeed! 祝你成功!

　　3.must表示“必须;必要”，以“must”开头的一般疑问句其肯定回答用“must”，否定回答用“needn't”或“don't have to”。 must表推测时，常用在肯定句中，是“一定”的意思，其否定形式mustn ' t表“禁止”的意思。

　　如：-Must I leave now?现在我必须离开吗?

　　-No，you needn't /you don't have to. 没有必要。

　　This book must be Lucy's . Look! Her name is on the book cover. 这本书是露西的'。看!封面上还有她的名字。

　　You mustn't draw on the wall. 你不准在墙上画画。

　　拓展延伸must表示说话人的主观看法，只有一般现在时;have to强调客观要求，有时态、人称和数的变化。如： My mother is ill. I have to look after her now. 妈妈病了，我得去照看她。

　　4.need作情态动词时，常用在否定和疑问句中，表示“需要;要”的意思。

　　如：Need we finish the work now?现在我们需要完成这项工作吗?

　　They needn ' t look after him. 他们不需要照顾他了。

　　拓展延伸need还可以用作行为动词，可以用于各种句型。如：

　　Does he need any help? 他需要帮助吗?

　　The desk needs repairing. 这张桌子需要修理。

　　5.shall 用于第一人称，表示说话人征求对方意见，过去式为should;will 用手第二人称的疑问句中，表示说话人向对方提出请求和建议，过去式为would。

　　如：Shall I go shopping with you?'我可以同你去购物吗?

　　I don't know what I should do next. 我不知道下一步该干什么。

　　Would you please come a little earlier?请你来早一点好吗?

　　6.情态动词had better的用法

　　(1)had better 后接动词原形，表劝告、建议，意为“最好”。“You'd better… ”含有强制命令的语气，对长辈不宜使用。

　　如：You'd better ask that policeman over there. 你最好问一下那边的那个警察。

　　(2)慎用had better! 注意以下四条：

　　①had better表达的是说话者强硬性的建议，告诫别人(包括自己)如何做。如：Granny, the hospital is not very near. We'd better catch a bus. 奶奶，医院不是很近。我们最好坐公共汽车。

　　②had better不用于礼貌的请求或征询，它隐含一种警告或威胁。如：You ' d better finish the work today and bring it tomorrow. 你最好今天就把作业完成，明天带来。

　　③had better意思接近should，但它除了表示语气强硬以外，还表示马上要去做的事情，比should更紧迫。如：You’d better see a doctor at once. 你最好马上去看医生。

　　④had better不含比较的意思，该结构表示“It would be good to… ”，而不是“It would be better to…”。

　　二、系动词

　　系动词有实际意义，但不能单独做谓语，必须与表语一起构成句子的谓语，说明主语的性质、状态或身份等。它分为完全系动词和不完全系动词。

　　1.完全系动词(be)可接名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语、句子做表语。如： I'm a student. 我是个学生。(名词) He is fine. 他很好。(形容词) It is me. 是我。(代词) Are you there?你在那儿吗?(副词) She is at school. 她在学校读书。(介词短语) He is to come soon. 他过会儿该来了。(不定式) My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。(动词的ing形式) My idea is that we will start now. 我的`想法是我们现在就开始。(句子)

　　2.不完全系动词 (get，turn，feel，smell，look，sound，taste)一般只接形容词做表语。如：When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer.

　　春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。 Food may go bad soon if it is not put into a fridge.

　　食物如果不放进冰箱里就会很快变坏。 My brother became / turned a teacher after his graduation.

　　我哥哥毕业后就当上了老师。(注意become和turn的用法区别)

　　实战演练(2×50) 计分:

　　1. --Mary, ____ you speak Chinese? -- Yes, but only a little.

　　A. will B. can C. could

　　2. --Must I do the work now? -- No, you ____. You can do it later.

　　A. can't B. mustn't C. needn’t

　　3. -- I can't stop smoking, doctor. -- For your health, I'm afraid you ____.

　　A. can B. need C. must

　　4. -- Whose book is it? -- It ____ be Bob's sister's. She is only a baby.

　　A. must B. mustn't C. can't

　　5. -- Jill looks so painful, there ____ be something wrong with her.

　　-- Oh, dear! We'd better take her to the hospital at once.

　　A. can B. should C. must

　　6. --Is Simon coming by train? -- He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving his car.

　　A. may B. need C. must

　　7. -- May I try on the jeans? -- Yes, you ___.

　　A. should B. can C. must

　　8. -- Do you know any traffic rules?

　　-- A little. When the traffic lights are red, we ____ stop and wait.

　　A. may B. can C. must

　　9. I think schools ____ allow students at least one hour a day for sports.

　　A. would B. should C. could

　　10. -- Can I swim in the lake. Dad?

　　-- No, you ____. Haven't you seen the notice “No Swimming”?

　　A. may not B. mightn't C. mustn't

　　11. -- Are you going to Beijing by air?

　　-- It's fast but a little expensive. So I am not sure. I __ take it.

　　A. will B. may C. must

　　12. -- Could I borrow your dictionary? -- Of course you ____.

　　A. can B. will C. should

　　13. --Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. --No,____.

　　A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't

　　14. -- Will you please stay here for the party?

　　-- Sorry, I ____. I'll have to go to an important meeting.

　　A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't

　　15. -- Must I tidy the room now?

　　-- No, you ____. You can do it after breakfast.

　　A. mustn’t B. need C. don't have to

　　16. -- You must come back every month. -- Yes, I ____.

　　A. will B. must C. should

　　17. -- Is this coat Jane's? -- It ____ be hers, but I'm not sure.

　　A. will B. may C. must

　　18. -- ____ we go and fly kites today? -- That's a good idea.

　　A. Should B. Must C. Shall

　　19. --ls your brother playing computer games, Ted?

　　-- He ___ do that because the computer doesn't work.

　　A. may not B. can't C. mustn't

　　20. -- I don't mind telling you what I have known.

　　-- You ___, and I am not asking you for it.

　　A. needn't B. mustn't C. may not

　　21. _____ you help me?

　　A.Will B.Shall C.Must

　　22. You ______watch TV if you’ve finished your homework.

　　A. can B. must C. need

　　23. I have seen lights in that empty house. Do you think I _____report it to the police?

　　A. should B. may C. will

　　24. -- Who is the girl standing over there?

　　-- Well, if you ______know, her name is Mary.

　　A. may B. can C. must

　　25. -- Excuse me, could you tell me where the supermarket is?

　　-- It’s two blocks straight ahead. You _____miss it.

　　A. mustn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t

　　26. -- Mom, there goes the bell.

　　-- Oh, it _____ Annie. I invited her to come for dinner.

　　A. can’t be B. must be C. may be

　　27. I’ll let you see the patient in an hour if you _____wait here.

　　A. will B. must C. can

　　28. Whoever can answer one of my questions ______get a prize.

　　A. would B. should C. will

　　29. Tom, you ______leave all your clothes on the floor like this.

　　A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t

　　30. It’s 7:50. You ____hurry, or you’ll be late.

　　A. might B. will C. had better

　　31. In spring, all the flowers in the garden _______ sweet.

　　A. taste B. smell C. become

　　32. She _______ like her mother in character.

　　A. is B. seems C. looks

　　33. In late autumn leaves _______ brown.

　　A. get B. turn C. come

　　34. Look! There _______ so many people here on vacation.

　　A. have B. are C. be

　　35. His classmate_______ a singer.

　　A. were B. grew C. has become

　　36. My job is ______ you math.

　　A. to teach B. teaches C. taught

　　37. How time flies! Three years _______ really a short time.

　　A. are B. is C. was

　　38. It sounds _______ a good idea.

　　A. as B. is C. like

　　39. Her temperature _______ to be all right.

　　A. seems B. sounds C. looks

　　40. His wish to become a driver has _______ true.

　　A. turned B. come C. been

　　41. Little Jim’s speech sounds _______.

　　A. friendly B. wonderfully C. nicely

　　42. When her mother came home yesterday, it was _______ dark.

　　A. going B. running C. getting

　　43. These apples taste _______.

　　A. to be good B. good C. well

　　44. -- How about the cloth you bought yesterday?

　　-- That’s very beautiful. It _______ so soft.

　　A. felt B. feels C. is feeling

　　45. When his brother telephoned him last night, he _______ asleep.

　　A. felt B. fell C. fall

　　46. The food will _______ bad easily in such hot weather.

　　A. go B. went C. turn

　　47. It _______ that he was late for the train.

　　A. looks B. says C.seems

　　48. What does your brother look _______?

　　A. like B. as C. after

　　49. The girl’s voice is so sweet and her songs _______ very beautiful.

　　A. taste B. look C. sound

　　50. What a lovely day! I hope it _______ fine.

　　A. stayed B. will stay C. will get

　　参考答案

　　1-5BCCCC 6-10ABCBC 11-15BABCC 16-20ABCBA 21-25AAACB

　　26-30BACBC 31-35BABBC 36-40ABCAB 41-45ACBBB 46-50ACACB

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