2016年中考英语知识汇总
2016中考将至，关于中考英语的基础知识你知道多少呢?下面yjbys为大家汇总的就是初中英语的基础知识，希望能帮助到大家!
词语辨析集中在对实词，即对名词、动词、形容词、副词等的考查，主要考查同义、近义、形近词汇的辨析以及词组与习惯用法的辨析。
1. after, in
这两个介词都可以表示“……(时间)以后”的意思?
after 以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间之后，常用于过去时态的句子中?如：She went after three days. 她是三天以后走的?
in 以现在为起点，表将来一段时间以后，常用于将来时态的句子中?如：She will go in three days. 她三天以后要走?
2. how long, how often, how soon
how long指多长时间，主要用来对一段时间(如three days,four
weeks 等)提问?如：How long ago was it? 这是多久前的事了?
how often指每隔多久，主要用来对频率副词或状语(如once a
week等)提问?如：—How often does he come here? —Once a month. 他(每隔)多久来一次?每月一次?
how soon指再过多久，主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(inan hour, in two weeks 等)提问?如：How soon can you come? 你多快能赶来?
3. few, a few, little, a little, several,some
few 和little的意思是否定的，表示“很少”或“几乎没有”;而a few和a little的意思是肯定的，表示“有一些，有一点儿”?
few 和 a few修饰可数名词;little和 a little 修饰不可数名词
several用于修饰可数名词，语意比a few和some更肯定，含有“好几个”的意思?
some可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，从数量上说，它有时相当于a few 或 a little,有时指更多一些的数量
4. the other, another
the other 指两个人或事物中的“另一个”，表示特指。如：We
stood on one side of the road and they stood on the other. 我们站在街这边，他们站在那边。
another着重于不定数目中的“另外一个”，表示泛指，所以常用来指至少三个中的一个。如：She has taken another of my books. 她已经拿了我的另外一本书。
5. spend, take, cost, pay
spend的宾语通常是时间?金钱?在主动语态中，句子的主语必须是人，而且后面不能用动词不定式做它的宾语。如：She spent the whole evening in reading. 她把整个晚上用来读书。
take常常用来指“花费”时间，句子的主语通常是表示事物的词语。如：How long will this job take you?你做这项工作要花多长时间?
cost 指花费时间、金钱或力气等，只能用表示事物的词做主语，并且不能用于被动语态。如：How much does the jacket cost?这件夹克多少钱?
pay 主要指主语(某人)买某物(或为某事)付多少钱(给某人)?如：I
pay for my rooms by month. 我按月支付租金。
6. speak, say, talk, tell
这四个动词都有“说”的意思。speak的意思是“讲话;演讲”，着重指说话的动作，指开口说或连续不断地说，多用作不及物动词;用作及物动词时，其宾语是语言名称。如：He can speak Japanese. 他会说日语。
say的意思是“说;讲”，一般用作及物动词，着重指说话的内容。它的宾语可以是名词、代词或直接引语等。如：She says, “Don’t
draw on the wall!” 她说：“别在墙上画画!”
talk的意思是“说;讲;谈话”，与speak意义比较接近，但不如speak正式，着重强调两人之间的相互谈话，也可指单方面的谈话。如：She is talking with John in English. 她正在和约翰用英语交谈。
tell意为“告诉;讲述;吩咐”，多指以口头方式将某事告诉某人，常接双宾语?除了story, news, truth, joke, lie(谎言)等直接宾语外，还可以接人等间接宾语.如：She is telling the children a story。她正在给孩子们讲故事.
7. among, between
between 的意思是“在……中间，在……之间”，一般指在两者之间.如：There is a table between two windows. 在两扇窗户之间有一张桌子.between 有时也表示在多于两个以上的事物之间，但那是指在每二者之间。如：the relationship between different provinces and municiplities 省市和省市之间的关系(这里是指每两个省市之间的相互关系?)
among 的意思是“在……中间;在……之中”，一般指在三个或三个以上的同类事物之中。如：The teacher distributed them among
the students. 老师把这些东西分给了学生。
8. beat, win
这两个词都有“获胜，打败”的意思，但其后宾语不同。beat是“打败，优于”的意思，后面接人或队。如：We beat them. 我们打败了他们。
win指“赢，获胜”，后面接比赛或名次。如：We won the match/
game/race/the first place. 我们赢了这场比赛(获得了第一名)。
9. agree with, agree on, agree to
agree on表示“就……取得一致意见”。如：We all agree on
(making) an early start. 我们一致同意及早出发。
agree with表示“与……意见一致”，后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称代词，也可以跟表示意见、看法的名词或what引导的从句。
如：I agree with you without reservation。我毫无保留地同意你的意见。
We agree with what you said just now。我们同意你刚才所说的意见?
agree to后面不能接人，只能接“提议，计划，方案”等词句。如：I agree to the terms proposed. 我同意拟议的条件。
10. bring, take, carry,fetch
这四个词都是动词，都含有“带”或“拿”的意思，但使用的场合各不相同。
bring作“带来，拿来”解。如：Next time don’t forget to bring me a copy of your work. 下次不要忘了把一份你的作品带给我。
take是bring的对语，作“带去，拿去”解。如：Take the box away, please. 请把盒子拿走?
carry表示“运载，携带”之意，运送的方式很多，可以用车或船，也可以用手甚至用头。如：This bus is licensed to carry 100
passengers. 这辆巴士准载一百人。
fetch则表示“去拿来”的意思。如：Please fetch me the
documents in that room. 请到那间房间去把文件拿来给我。
11. each, every
两词都是“每个”的意思，但着重点不同。each着重个别的情况，
every着重全体，有“所有的”的意思。如：She knows each
student of the class。她认识这个班里的每一个学生。She knows every student of the class。她认识这个班所有的学生。
12. no one, none
no one指“没有人(只能指人，不能用来指物)”，意思与nobody相同，作主语时不必跟of连用，如：No one believes him since he is not honest. 没有人相信他，因为他不诚实。No one else but I went. 除我以外，谁也没去。
none指“一个也没有(既可指人，也可指物)”，作主语时代替不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词，谓语动词用单、复数都可以。但在 “主+系+表”结构中，如果表语为复数，则系动词要用复数形式。如：None of us are(is) afraid of difficulties. 我们谁也不怕困难。
13. go on doing, go on to do, go on with
这三个动词短语都有“继续做某事”的意思，其区别如下：go on doing表示“继续做，一直在做某事(中间无间断)”;go on to do表示“接着做某事”，即某事已做完，接着做另一件事;go on with也表示“继续做某事”，其含义是某一动作一度中止后，又继续下去。
14. too much, much too
二者都有“太，非常”之意，much too为副词词组，修饰形容词、副词，不可修饰动词。如：It’s much too cold。天气实在是太冷了。
too much作“太多”讲，有以下三种用法：
(1)作名词词组。如：You have given us too much. 你给我们的太多了。
(2)作形容词词组修饰不可数名词。如：Don’t drink too
much wine. 不要饮太多的酒。
(3)作副词词组修饰不及物动词。如：She talks too much. 她说话太多。
15. lonely, alone
二者都可表示“孤独，独自”，alone指客观存在的“孤独”，而lonely更偏重一种主观感受上的“寂寞”
如：I went alone. 我是一个人去的。
Mary lived alone, but she didn’t feel lonely. 玛丽孤身一人生活，但她并不感到孤独。
16. happen, take place与occur
happen有“偶然”的意思，多用于客观事物、情况的发生。如：Whatever has happened to your arm? It’s all swollen. 你的手臂怎么了?肿得好厉害。
occur 指有计划地使某些事“发生”，有时强调“呈现”于人的知觉中。如：Did it occur to you to phone them about it?你难道没想到就这事给他们打个电话?
具体事物或事件作主语时，happen和occur可以通用。如：The
accident happened/occurred yesterday. 事故是昨天发生的。
take place 指事件发生，但常用来表示“举行”的意思，带有非偶然性。例如：The meeting took place last night。会议昨晚举行。
17. in front of, in the front of
in front of的意思是“在……前面”。如：There is a tree in front of
the house。房子前面有一棵树。
in the front of的意思是“在……前部”，指在某个空间范围内的前面。如：There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室里前部有一块黑板。
18. find, find out
两者都有“发现”的意思，但语义有差别。find有偶然发现某物的意味。如：He found a bag on the floor. 他发现地板上有个书包。
find out指“经过，探听，询问”，指调查之后的“发现”或“弄清楚”。如：Please find out who took my book by mistake。请查清楚谁错拿了我的书。
19. noise, voice, sound
这三个词都作“声音”解，在表示“听到声音”这个意思时，三者可以通用,但它们又各有特定的含义。
sound 作“声音”解，含义最广，指可以听到的任何声音，如：a
weak sound 微弱的声
noise作“噪音，嘈杂声，吵闹声”解，指不悦耳，不和谐的声音。它既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。如：Another kind of pollution is noise. 另外一种污染是噪音
voice 作“声音”解时，多指人发出的声音，包括说话声、歌声和笑声。如：He shouted at the top of voice. 他高声呼喊。有时也用于引申意义，作“意见或发言权”解。如：I have no voice in the
matter. 对于这件事，我没有发言权。
20. arrive, get, reach
三者均可表示“到达”，arrive后通常接介词at(一般用于较小的地方)或 in(一般用于较大的地方)。如：We arrived at the station five
minutes late. 我们晚了5分钟到车站。又如：They will arrive in
Paris next Monday. 他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎。
get之后通常接介词to如：When we got to the park, it began to rain. 我们到达公园时，就开始下雨了.
reach是及物动词(较 get更正式)，其后可直接跟地点名词做宾语(不能用介词)。如：He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。
中考必考词组、句型100例
1. want to do sth. 想做某事
eg. I want to go to school.
2. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事
eg. I want my son to go to school.
3. be different from 与---不同
eg. The weather in Beijing is different from that of Nanjing.
4. be the same as 与……相同
eg. His trousers are the same as mine.
5. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好
eg.Mr. Wang is very friendly to us.
6.welcome to sp 欢迎到某地
eg.Welcome to China.
7. What’s the matter with sb./ sth? 出什么毛病了?
eg.What’s the matter with your watch?
8. what to do 做什么
eg.We don’t know what to do next.
9. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
eg.Let him enter the room.
10. let sb. not do sth. 让某人不做某人
eg. Let him not stand in the rain.
11. why don’t you do sth? 怎么不做某事呢?
eg.Why don’t you play football with us?
12. why not do sth.? 怎么不做某事呢?
eg. Why not play football with us?
13. make sb. sth. 为某人制作某物
eg. My father made me a kite.
14. make sth for sb. 为某人制作某物
eg. My father made a kite for me.
15. What …mean by …?做……是什么意思?
eg. What do you mean by doing that?
16. like doing sth. 喜爱做某事
eg. Jim likes swimming.
17. like to do sth.喜爱做某事
eg. He doesn’t like to swim now.
18. feel like doing sth. 想做某事
eg. I feel like eating bananas.
19. would like to do sth. 愿意做某事
eg.Would you like to go rowing with me?
20. would like sb. to do sth. 愿意某人做某事
eg. I’d like you to stay with me tonight.
21. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
eg. His brother often makes him stay in the sun.
22. let sb. do sth.让某人做某事
eg.Let me sing a song for you.
23. have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
eg.You shouldn’t have the students work so hard.
24. be far from sp离某地远
eg. His school is far from his home.
25. be near to sp离某地近
eg. The hospital is near to the post office.
26. be good at sth./doing sth.擅长某事/做某事
eg. We are good at English.
They are good at boating.
27. It takes sb. some time to do sth.某人花多少时间做某事
eg.It took me more than a year to learn to draw a beautiful
horse in five minutes.
28. sb. spends some time/money (in )doing sth.某人花多少时间做某事
eg. I spent twenty years in writing the novel.
29. sb. spends some time/money on sth.某事花了某人多少时间/金钱
eg.Jim spent 1000 yuan on the bike.
30. sth. costs sb. some money.某物花了某人多少钱
eg.The bike costs Jim 1000 yuan.
31. sb. pays some money for sth.某人为某物付了多少钱
eg. Jim paid 1000 yuan for the bike.
32. begin/start with sth. 以······开始
eg.The started the meeting with a song.
33. be going to do sth. 打算做某事
eg. We are going to study in Japan.
34. call A B叫A B
eg. They called the village Gumtree.
35. thank sb. for sth./doing sth.感谢某人做某事
eg.Thank you for your help.
Thank you for helping me.
36. What ……for? 为什么
eg.What do you learn English for?
37. How/ what about doing sth.?做某事怎么样?
eg.How about going fishing?
38. S +be+ the+最高级+of/in短语
eg. Lucy is the tallest in her class.
39. S + be +比较级+than any other +n.
eg.Lucy is taller than any other student in her class.
40. have to do sth.不得不做某事
eg.I have to go home now.
41. had better do sth. 最好做某事
eg.You’d better study hard at English.
42. had better not do sth. 最好别做某事
eg.You’d better not stay up.
43. help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
eg.Lucy often helps Lily to wash her clothes.
44. help sb. do sth.帮助某人做某事
eg. He usually helps me learn English.
45. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
eg.I sometimes help my mother with the housework.
46. make it +时间 把时间定在几点
eg. Let’s make it 8:30.
47. take sb. to sp带某人到某地
eg.Mr. Wang will take us to the Summer Palace next Sunday.
49. have nothing to do (with sb)与某人没有关系
eg.That has nothing to do with me.
50. 主语+ don’t think + 从句 认为……不……
eg. I don’t think it will rain tomorrow.
51. It’s + adj.+ for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说怎么样
eg. It is lucky for you to go to London.
52. How + adj/ adv + 主+ 谓!多么……啊!
eg. How beautiful the flower is!
53. what + a/an + adj + [ ] + 主+ 谓!
eg.What a beautiful flower it is!
54. What + adj+ pl./[u] +主+ 谓!
eg.What bad weather it is today!
55. find it + adj+ to do sth. 发现做某事如何
eg. I find it hard to speak English well!
56. ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物
eg.They often ask me for money.
57. need to do sth. 需要做某事
eg. You need to study hard.
58. need sth需要某物
eg. I don’t need your money.
59. use A to do B用A来做B
eg.We use pens to write.
60. show sb. Sth给某人看某物
eg. Please show me the map.
61.show sth. to sb. 把某物给某人看
eg. Please show the map to me.
62. pass sb. sth. 把某物递给某人
eg. Pass me the cup of tea.
63. pass sth. to sb.把某物递给某人
eg. Pass the cup of tea to me.
64. buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物
eg.Mother bought me a bike.
65. buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物
eg. Mother bought a bike for me.
66.give sb. sth把某物给某人
eg. Jim gave me an English dictionary.
67. give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人
eg.Jim gave an English dictionary to me.
68. get to sp达到某地
eg.I got to Beijing on the morning of May1st.
69. arrive at /in sp 达到某地
eg. I arrived in Beijing on the morning of May 1st.
70. reach sp达到某地
eg.I reached Beijing on the morning of May1st.
71. hope to do sth.希望某人做某事
eg.I hope to see you soon.
72. there is sth. wrong with sth./sb. 某物出设么毛病了
eg.There is something wrong my car.
73. sth. is wrong with ……某物出设么毛病了
eg. Something is wrong with my car.
74. How do you like sth? 你认为……怎么样?
eg. How do you like Beijing?
75.What do you think of sth.? 你认为……怎么样?
eg.What do you think of Beijing?
76. start doing sth. 开始做某事
eg.I started learning English in 1983.
77. start to do sth.开始做某事
eg.I started to watch TV after finishing my homework.
78.finish doing sth. 完成作某事
eg.I finished cleaning my car just now.
79. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
eg.They all enjoy living and working in China.
80.What / when / where / who / something /anything / nothing else ……别的什么/何时/何地/谁……
eg.What else do you want to buy?
Where else have you gone?
Who else have you played with?
I have nothing else to tell you.
Would you like something else?
81. forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事了
eg. I forgot turning off the lights. Look,it is dark in the room.
82. forget to do sth. 忘了做某事了
eg. I forgot to turn off the lights.
Could you go back and shut the off?
83. remember doing sth. 记得做过某事了
eg.I remembered returning your money. You are so forgetful.
84. remember to do sth. 记住做某事
eg.Remember to bring me some money. I’ve run out of it.
85.stop to do sth.停下来去做某事
eg. He stopped to talk with Mary when she enter the office.
86. stop doing sth. 停止做某事
eg.The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.
87. watch/see/hear sb. do sth.观看/看见/听见某人做某事
eg. I saw you pick an apple just now.
88. watch/see/hear sb. doing sth.观看/看见/听见某人在做某事
eg. I saw you playing basketball with your classmates on the
playground last Sunday.
89. go on doing sth. 继续作某事
eg.He went on reading after a short rest.
90.go on to do sth. 继续作某事
eg.He went on to read after finishing wash the dishes.
91. go on with sth. 继续某事
eg.He went on with his work after a short rest.
92. say hello/goodbye to sb. 向某人告别
eg.I came to say good-bye to you.
93. be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
eg. They are busy planting trees on thehill.
94. be interested in sth. 对某事感兴趣
eg. English is very interesting. We are all interested in it.
95. tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事
eg. Mother told me to go shopping with her.
96. ask sb. to do sth. 请某人做某事
eg.Jim asked me to go rowing with him.
97. call/ring sb. up给某人打电话
eg.I will call you up tommow.
98. be ready to do sth. 准备做某事
eg. We are ready to have lunch.
99. go doing sth. 去做某事
eg. Let’s go fishing.
100. prefer A/doing A to B/doing B 喜欢A/做A而非B/做B
eg. Lucy prefers English to French.
I prefer staying at home to going to the cinema.
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