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2014雅思语法讲义精选
一、名词性从句
概念：在一个英语句子当中，特定的成份必须用名词性结构来表示。名词性结构分为两种：名词和名词从句。名词从句就是语法功能相当于名词或名词短语的从句。简而言之,它是一种用从句来代替名词的句型。
考生常见问题: 缺乏“名词意识”.
1. (1). Save money is beneficial for one’s life after retirement. ( )
(2). There are more and more young criminals in the society has drawn the attention of media. ( )
2. Some people believe that mobile phones have taken the place of write letters. ( )
l 名词性从句重点句型
1. What从句
(写作) 通过打工，我们获得的不仅仅是工作经验。它同样能帮助我们把在学校里学到的东西运用到实践当中。
2. that 从句
(写作) 新东方能够培养出
3. 主语从句的变形
由连词that引导的主语从句，在实际使用中that从句一般由it做形式主语。
That practice makes perfect (熟能生巧) is known to us. (Rare)
It is known to us/widely accepted that practice makes perfect. (Common)
Tip: 在英语当中表示“据……”的句型一般都用It is + 过去分词 + that引导的主语从句(一般表示某种情况。)
据估计: It is estimated that …… 据报道: It is reported that …….
从图表当中我们可以看到: It could be noted from the graph that……
表示 “做……是重要/必要的”的时候, 主语从句必须用虚拟语气(should+动词原型).
It is important/essential/vital/necessary that sb/sth (should) do sth
在我看来,政府向老年人提供经济援助至关重要.
4. 由疑问词(how, when, where, whether, why, who)等引导的名词性从句
考生常见问题：
(写作) 很多人根本不明白存钱的目的何在.
Many people don’t know what is the purpose of save money. ( )
5. 宾语从句：
注意事项1：当主句的谓语是think, believe等时，如果后面跟的宾语从句要表示否定意思，则把谓语动词think, believe变成否定形式，宾语从句为肯定句形式。
例句： 我认为我们不应该允许大学生结婚。
I think we should not allow college students to get married. ( )
Tip2：It作形式宾语的情况。
有时可以用it来代替宾语从句作形式宾语，而将宾语从句放到句子后半部分。
(写作) 有些人认为我们花那么多钱在环保上面根本就是浪费时间。
Some people think that we spend so much money on environmental protection is simply waste of time. ( )
6. 表语从句：
什么是表语-跟在be动词后面的成份。如I am a student当中I是主语，am a student加在一起是谓语，而be动词am后面的a student就是表语。
考生常见问题:
(写作) The major reason why animals are facing the extinction is because people have paid little attention to the problem. ( )
练习
1. 一个人的实际能力才是企业所真正看重的。
2. 我认为我们发明一种新的语言来取代英语是没有必要的.
3. 然而，关于它是一件好事还是坏事，人们有不同的态度。
4. 很多国家的失业率在不断攀升这一事实是我们无法否认的。
5. 在给出我的观点之前，我认为看一看问题的两面是很重要的。
6. 不同的人们对于全球化是否有利于经济的发展这个问题持有不同的看法.
7. 令人感到遗憾的是大多数人所在乎的仅仅就只是他们怎么样才能更多地赚到钱。
8. 随着越来越多的妇女参与全职工作，由谁来照顾孩子已经成为了社会上的一个问题。
二.定语从句
1.概念
用一个主谓结构完整的句子作定语(定语的两种形式adj+n/n+定语从句)，修饰前面的名词，代词，短语，甚至是整个句子的从句。简单来说就是把从句放在某个单词/词组/句子后面来对其进行修饰。
两个首先必须明确的概念： 先行词和关系词
Kung Fu Panda is the best cartoon movie (先行词) that/which (关系词) I have watched this year.
(阅读) There has been a significant increase in the number of women with dependent children who are in the paid workforce in Australia.
3.分类
定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。
限制性定语从句： England was one of the first countries where scientists adopted and publicized Copernican ideas (哥白尼学说) with enthusiasm.
(阅读) One new keyboard included keys which produced letters which frequently occur together in English, like –ing and –th and –ed, so the word “thing” would take two strokes to write instead of five.
非限制性定语从句： Such expansion, which was to take the English language west to America and east to India, was supported by scientific developments such as the discovery of magnetism(磁力).
(阅读) It is very likely that the key board, which we have used for over a century, will soon be replaced by voice-activated computers which take dictation (听写) as we speak to them.
Tip: 在雅思阅读中，遇到__________________定语从句可以先忽略不看，先看句子的主干。
定语从句和先行词之间有没有逗号，会直接决定句子意思的不同。试比较以下两个句子意思的不同：
1. In terms of exceptions, scientists refer to the waves which are too small individually to consider.
2. In terms of exceptions, scientists refer to the waves, which are too small individually to consider.
(写作)不少人认为如今被人们广泛使用的电脑未来总有一天将会彻底取代电视机。
Quite a number of people believe that televisions will be replaced by computers___
4. 常见关系词 which, that, where, when, who, whom, whose
单元练习：
(写作) 环境保护是一个如今为人们广为讨论的一个话题。
(写作) 有的孩子从来不做家务，这使得他们越来越依赖他们的父母。
(口语) 我计划于2010年回国，到那时候我将年满30岁。
三.状语从句
1.目的状语从句高分句型
目的状语从句的连接词包括so that, in order that, in case, lest。
雅思实例：
(阅读) In 1986 the International Olympic Committee changed the schedule so that the summer and winter games would be held in different years.
(阅读) However, no matter which lifestyle do people choose, the chosen one should be insisted lest our biological clock might get confused.
(写作) 我认为应该鼓励老人住养老院(nursing house)，这样才能受到专业的照顾。
I think senior citizens should be encouraged to live in a nursing house ___________
2. 结果状语从句高分句型
结果状语从句的连接词包括so…that…，such…that…等。
such + a+ adj + n 与 so + adj + a + n句型的互换
例句： (口语) My brother is such a forgetful person that he is always forgetting something important.
My brother is so forgetful a person that he is always forgetting something important.
(口语) How did you come here this morning?
我早上是坐地铁一号线来的。地铁一号线巨挤无比，我每次坐都几乎无法呼吸。
I came here by metro line one in the morning. ___________________________________
结果状语从句的倒装
So…that等引导的结果状语从句有时为了强调，加强语气，还可以倒装。
基本结构为：so引导的表语/状语(adj/adv)+be动词/助动词+剩余部分
(写作) The power of technologies is so great that they have changed our way of life, more or less.
(口语) So fast does our society change that we sometimes simply have no idea what it will be like tomorrow.
3. 让步状语从句高分句型
让步状语从句的连接词包括：Although, though, in spite of (高分句型), even though (even if), no matter。
让步状语从句的倒装
结构: adj/adv/n+though/as+主语+谓语动词
(1). Before: It may sound simple to solve the problem, actually it involves many obstacles.
After:_________________________________________________________________________
(2). Before: Although we have tried hard, there is no clear sign that this problem will be settled soon.
After:_____________________________________________ , there is no clear sign that this problem will be settled soon.
(3) 尽管如今养宠物很普遍，我仍然认为这会带来很多问题。
_______________________________ ________________, I still hold that it would bring a lot of problems.
4. 比较状语从句
比较状语从句的连接词: than, as
比较状语从句常见错误：比较对象不一致
(图表作文) 在2003年，政府用于基础设施的资金是2002年的两倍。
错误例句： In 2003, the fund the government spent on infrastructure was twice as much as 2002.
正确例句：In 2003, the fund the government spent on infrastructure was twice as much as ____________.
5. 高分状语从句句型-with引导的伴随状语
结构：主句 (总) + with + n + doing sth (具体对象)
(图表作文) 从1990年到2000年，该数值持续增长，而其中又以1998年增幅最大。
The figure has been increasing from 1990 to 2000, with 1998 seeing the most evident rise.
(写作) 孩子的成长会受到众多因素的影响,而其中又以父母扮演的角色最为关键.
Children’s growth is affected by many factors, _________________________________
(写作) 媒体对于名人私生活的过份报导已经酿成了不少的悲剧,而其中又以黛安娜王妃的例子最为典型.
Media’s over reporting of celebrities’ private lives has resulted in quite a number of tragedies, ________________________
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