2014雅思语法讲义：句子种类

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2014雅思语法讲义：句子种类

　　英语句子种类：简单句、并列句、复合句

2014雅思语法讲义：句子种类

　　 简单句(simple sentence)：包含一个主语(并列主语)和一个谓语(并列谓语);简单句的特点就是简单、明了、有力。但简单句使用过多会使文章显得单调、乏味、结构松散。

　　1. He teaches this class.

　　2. Tom and Jack often help each other.

　　3. All roads lead to Rome.

　　4. They had a full exchange of view on a series of major issues and reached an agreement on the matter.

　　5. I have never been to Tibet.

　　五种基本句型：S+Vi, S+V+O, S+V+0+C, S+V+Oi+Od, S+LV+P

　　Subject=主语

　　Verbal phrase=谓语

　　Object=宾语 (Oi=间接宾语，Od=直接宾语)

　　Complement=补语

　　Predicative=表语

　　S+Vi

　　1. Without gun, the suicide rate will go down.

　　2. Female violence has risen dramatically in recent decades.

　　S+V+O

　　1. Media violence affect children’s mental health.

　　2. Frequent physical punishment contributes to a child’s later crimes.

　　S+V+0+C

　　1. Gambling may turn an ordinary man crazy.

　　2. Educators call TV both a good and bad information source.

　　3. Parents should encourage their kids to take part in more rewarding activities.

　　S+V+Oi+Od

　　1. Gambling could bring us a dramatic increase in crime.

　　2. Communicative service offers wrongdoers an opportunity to correct their misconduct.

　　S+LV+P

　　1. Young people are the pillars of society.

　　2. Environmentalists’ opinions sound convincing.

　　主系表 VS 主谓宾

　　翻译：

　　S+V

　　1. 随着经济的迅猛发展，环境也在不断地恶化。

　　With the rapid development of economy, the environment is getting worse day by day/constantly

　　Deteriorate/ worsen /get worse

　　As the economy develops fast,

　　2.全球一体化的时代已经来临。

　　The times of globalization has arrived/come

　　Modernization /industrialization /civilization

　　Mechanization

　　3.1995年至1998年，男生的人数保持稳定态势。

　　Keep steady/stable/unchanged/constant

　　There is a stable trend in the number of boys

　　4. 8月和9月期间汽车价格波动。fluctuate

　　There is a fluctuation in the price of cars in August and September.

　　5. 电视观众的人数在晚上8点到10点之间急剧上升。 TV viewers/ climb significantly

　　There is a sharp /dramatic rise/upward trend in

　　8. 00 pm/am

　　S+V+O

　　1. The toxic gases harm / threaten / impair .

　　有毒气体危害人们健康。

　　2. Before presenting my view, I will talk about/discuss /explore both sides of the controversial issue .

　　在表明观点之前，我将讨论一下这具有争议的事件的正反面。

　　3. Art funding wastes /lavish/squander .

　　资助艺术浪费我们有限的公共资金。

　　4.Playing computer games hard-earned money /lucky money/ protection fee .

　　打游戏浪费父母的血汗钱。

　　1. Improper living habits

　　不良的生活习惯有害健康。

　　6. Unrestrained development of tourism destroy /disturb ecological balance/ equilibrium .

　　旅游业无限制的发展破坏生态平衡。

　　7. Cross-cultural communication can contribute to/ be helpful/beneficial to removing /get rid of /eliminate bias/prejudice and hostility/ enmity .

　　跨文化交流有助于消除偏见和敌意。

　　8. Many residents complain of the construction site which makes great noise day and night.

　　很多居民投诉整天发出巨大噪音的工地。

　　9. overindulgence in computer games leads to fatness and myopia/ bad vision obesity .

　　过分沉迷于电脑游戏导致肥胖和近视。

　　10. You advertisement in Guangzhou Morning Post me. Attract/appeal to/fascinate

　　贵公司刊载于《广州英文早报》的广告吸引了我。

　　11. I can hardly the latter opinion for the following several sound reasons.

　　我很难认同后一种观点，理由有以下几方面。

　　Agree on /concur on/ side with/ approve of

　　S+V+Oi+Od

　　1. I wish Wu Jiachen 我祝吴佳辰一路顺风。

　　2. Job-hopping offers people an opportunity to .

　　跳槽给人们展示才艺的机会。

　　3. The installation of cameras brings residents .

　　摄像头的安装给居民强烈的安全感。

　　4. Museums give people .

　　博物馆给人们民族自豪感和归属感。

　　5. Part-time jobs give students through contributing to society.

　　通过为社会做贡献，学生从兼职工作中获得一种成就感。.

　　Sense of +N-----safety/ honour/achievement/ belonging /pride/responsibility/humour / value

　　S+V+O+C

　　1. The life makes many people sick.

　　紧张的生活使很多人生病。

　　1. People call TV

　　2. 人们把电视叫做白痴盒子。

　　1. I require you to send some

　　as soon as possible.

　　我要求你尽快派人处理这棘手的问题。

　　2. The Internet enables us to

　　the latest information worldwide.

　　互联网使我们很容易接触到全世界的全新的资讯。

　　S+LV+P

　　1. is one of man’s greatest .

　　生物多元化是人类最大的财富。

　　1. TV is a

　　电视是个消磨时间的东西。

　　3. Playing computer games is .

　　打游戏是个费时的爱好。

　　4. The number of visitors to U.S.A. stays/remains during the summer.

　　到美国的游客数目在夏季保持不变。

　　2. Cloning is

　　克隆是违背自然和不道德的。

　　6. The project sounds quite convincing and constructive .

　　这个方案听起来相当令人信服和具有建设性。

　　并列句：将两个或者更多的简单句用连接词联结起来就可以构成并列句。并列句表面两个或更多的简单句表达的信息同等重要，或有时间上的联系。

　　1)常用并列连词有：

　　平行并列连词：

　　1. Child abuse is a crime and law enforcement have a legal duty to stop it.

　　2. Students should not only learn academic knowledge but also do volunteer work in communities.

　　3. Neither has he change his mind, nor will he do so.

　　选择并列连词：

　　1. Either we will find a supply, or we will make the goods.

　　2. Heavy penalties should be imposed on traffic violators or they may not abide by traffic laws.

　　转折并列连词：

　　1. This article is very good, yet it can be better.

　　2. Some offenders are good in nature, but they go astray under some negative influence.

　　3. Wise men love truth, whereas fools shun it.

　　4. Some kill people only to defend themselves while others are trigger-happy.

　　因果并列连词：

　　We continually wage war on insects, for they contaminate our food and carry diseases.

　　1) 常用连接副词有：

　　2) 常用标点符号有：

　　1. Mike made the beds; his wife did the laundry.

　　2. The wind blew hard; the snow fell heavily.

　　3. A writer wants something more than money for his work: He wants permanence.

　　Fill in the gaps:

　　1. Owning a gun is illegal in most countries, it is considered dangerous.

　　2. Many ads do give important information about products; , some of them are merely misleading and cheating.

　　3. Nuclear power is relatively cheap, some people argue that it’s not safe.

　　4. People must ignore energy crisis overstate them.

　　5. P-books will not be replaced by e-books, will fast food replace traditional food.

　　6. Not only does television appeal to those who can read to those who can’t.

　　7. Agriculture remains the biggest source of water pollution, waste from wastes of industries and cities have increased enormously in recent decades.

　　8. The government should go on fighting drug-related crimes, they will pose threat to social stability.

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