全国职称英语考试卫生C综合考点训练

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全国职称英语考试卫生C综合考点训练

　　Viral and Bacterial Bronchitis Revealing The Differences

　　Diseases affect the lives of people in an adverse way. Therefore, it is necessary to develop healthy habits in order to prevent the occurrence of these diseases. Diseases are caused by both virus and bacteria; however, in certain cases, environmental conditions also play a major role in causing certain ailments. For instance, bronchitis, an ailment of the respiratory system, is both viral and bacterial bronchitis. Not many people can tell the difference between viral and bacterial bronchitis. Only a medical practitioner will be able to point out the differences between viral and bacterial bronchitis after a careful examination of the patient and the results of laboratory tests.

　　Commonly, viruses cause bronchitis. People with viral bronchitis suffer from difficulties in breathing, headache, pain, wheezing, and other symptoms, such as low-grade fever. Patients will have a persistent, nonproductive cough and will not feel that ill. Bacterial bronchitis, on the other hand, is a more dangerous condition. You will suffer from a high fever and a persistent, productive cough with dark, discolored, and thick mucus.

　　Just as there is a difference between viral and bacterial bronchitis, there is also a difference between the treatments of these conditions. Viral bronchitis does not really require any treatment. Home remedies can successfully heal a person from this condition. However, it cannot and should not be neglected.

　　Care should be taken during the healing process. You need to take a lot of rest and increase your fluid intake. Taking more liquids such as fruit juices, water, and soup helps liquefy the phlegm and makes it easier for the body to expel it. In case of muscle pains, take acetaminophen. If the symptoms cause a great deal of distress, take cough suppressants or expectorants in order to liquefy the mucus. Taking a warm shower or a hot bath also facilitates the expulsion of mucus.

　　In case of bacterial bronchitis, your doctor will usually prescribe antibiotics such as tetracycline, amoxicillin, and erythromycin. The antibiotic to be taken depends on the strain of the bacteria infecting your bronchial tubes. When you are on antibiotic therapy, you may have side effects characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea. Some bacteria are drug resistant, and recently, the FDA approved the use of a drug called gemiflaoxacin mesylate for such bacteria. It comes in the form of an oral tablet that has to be taken daily for five days. The side effects of this drug are diarrhea, skin rashes, and nausea.

　　It is not possible to treat a viral infection with antibiotics; attempts to do so will worsen your condition. Before using any drug, consult your doctor and find out if it is safe for you to use that drug. Cardio respiratory exercises help to regain normal lung function and to expel any excess mucus after the completion of the healing process

　　36.Bronchitis is

　　A.viral only.

　　B.bacterial only.

　　C.both viral and bacterial.

　　D.neither viral nor bacterial

　　正确答案:C

　　37.Which of the followings is NOT a symptom of viral bronchitis

　　A.Difficulties in breathing and wheezing.

　　B.Headache and pain.

　　C.A low-grade fever.

　　D.A persistent, productive cough

　　正确答案:D

　　38.What can be done to relieve the symptoms during the healing process

　　A.Taking more dry solid food helps to liquefy the mucus.

　　B.Taking a warm shower or a hot bath facilitates the expulsion of mucus.

　　C.Taking acetaminophen help liquefy the mucus.

　　D.Taking cough suppressants or expectorants controls muscle pain

　　正确答案:B

　　39.The side effects of antibiotic therapy includes the following EXCEPT

　　A.abdominal pain, , and nausea.

　　B.diarrhea.

　　C.a high fever.

　　D.nausea

　　正确答案:C

　　40.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage

　　A.Viral infection can be treated with antibiotics.

　　B.Using antibiotics against viral bronchitis brings neither good nor bad effect.

　　C.Cardio respiratory exercises worsen your condition.

　　D.Skin rashes are one of the side effects of gemiflaoxacin mesylate

　　正确答案:D

　　Plants in Deser

　　Only special plants can survive the terrible climate of a desert, for these are regions where the annual range of the soil temperature can be over 75℃. Furthermore, during the summer there are few clouds in the sky to protect plants from the sun's ray. Another problem is the fact that there are frequently strong winds which drive small, sharp particles of sand into the plants, tearing and damaging them. The most difficult problem for all forms of plant life, however, is the fact that the entire annual rainfall occurs during a few days or weeks in spring.

　　Grasses and flowers in desert survive from one year to the next by existing through the long, hot, dry season in the form of seeds. These seeds remain inactive unless the right amount of rain falls. If no rain falls, or if insufficient rain falls, they wait until the next year, or even still the next. Another factor that helps these plants to survive is the fact that their life cycles are short. By the time that water from the spring rains disappears --- just a few weeks after it falls-such plants no longer need any.

　　The perennials have special features which enable them to survive as plants for several years. Thus, nearly all desert perennials have extensive root systems below ground and a small shoot system above ground. The large root network enables the plant to absorb as much water as possible in a short time. The small shoot system, on the other hand, considerably limits water loss by evaporation.

　　Another feature of many desert perennials is that after the rainy season they lose their leaves in preparation for the long, dry season, just as trees in wetter climates lose theirs in preparation for the winter. This reduces their water loss by evaporation during the dry season. Then, in next rainy season, they come fully alive once more, and grow new branches, leaves and flowers, just as the grasses and flowers in desert do.

　　EXERCISE:

　　1. Ordinary plants are unable to survive in the desert mainly because of the changeable weather.