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2017年5月公共英语五级考试冲刺习题及答案解析
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Text 3
Women' s minds work differently from men' s. At least, that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter or frustration or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this minefield, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.
There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes-the link between the two halves of the brain.
The two halves are linked by a trunkline of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibers than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is “What?” and, if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?
Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. For most people, the left half is used for wordhanding, analytical and logical activities; the right half works on pictures, patterns and forms. We need both halves working together. And the better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. And, according to research findings, women have the better connections.
But it isn' t all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at "language subjects" and boys better at maths and physics. If these differences correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunkline, there is an unalterable dis- tinction between the sexes.
We shah' t know for a while, partly because we don' t know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subject and the functioning of the two halves of the brain, and we cannot understand how the two halves inter-act via the corpus callosum. But this striking difference must have some effect and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect, we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.
61. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
A. Biologists are conducting research where psychologists have given up.
B. Brain differences point to superiority of one sex over the other.
C. Results of scientific research fail to support popular belief.
D. The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known.
62. According to the passage it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by __ factors.
A. biological B. psychological C. physical I D ] social
63. "these differences" in paragraph 5 refer to those in __
A. skills of men and women
B. school subjects
C. the brain structure of men and women
D. activities carried out by the brain
64. At the end of the passage the author proposes more work on __
A. the brain structure as a whole
B. the functioning of part of the brain
C. the distinction between the sexesE D] the effects of the corpus callosum
65. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To outline the research findings on the brain structure.
B. To explain the link between sex and brain structure.
C. To. discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.
D. To suggest new areas in brain research.
Text3
短文赏析
这篇有关大脑结构的文章，介绍男性、女性大脑结构及工作方式的不同，以及科学家的研究成果。男女大脑的工作方式有别不是指哪个好哪个坏，而是在处理复杂事件时.脑的不同部分起的作用不同。男女大脑的结构不同，科学家们发现女性的胼胝体的神经元比男性的要大，要丰富。左右大脑控制的部位各不相同。左大脑是用来文字处理。分析和进行逻辑动的;而右大脑是对图片、图式和形式起作用的。我们需要两边协调共同作用。两半脑连接得越好，那么两半边在一起的协调就越好。据研究发现，女性的两半脑之间的连接更好一些。作者说我们不知道学校学生的能力和大脑两半球功能之间的确切关系。我们不懂大脑两半球是如何通过胼胝体相互作用的。最后作者间接地提出期望，希望能对胼胝体对人体的影响多做研究工作。
答案及解析
61.c【解析】选项A即心理学家已经放弃，而生物学家正在展开研究工作。而文中第三句话说“Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke，”即心理学家认为这个研究不是一件沮丧的事，就是一个笑话，此句和选项A含义不一样。选项B即大脑区别显示出一个性别优于另外一个性别。而文中第一段最后一句话说“But being different，they point out hurriedly，is not the same as being better or worse.”即他们指出尽管有区别，但并不能说明谁优谁劣，此句和选项B含义不一样。选项D两性大脑结构的区别早已为人所知。而文中第三段第三句话说“This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men...”即这是第一次人们发现了两性大脑结构的不同，此句和选项D含义不一样。所以本题应选C。
62.D【解析】根据这篇文章，普遍认为大脑的区别由什么因素引起的?短文第三段倒数第二句话说“We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences.”即我们认为社会的影响造成了这些区别。A、B、C均不符合题意。所以本题应选D。
63.A【解析】“这些区别”指的是什么?短文第五段主题句说“But it isn’t all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis.”即在此基础上解释两性技能的区别并不是很容易的事。由此可见，“这些区别”指的是两性技能。所以本题应选A。
64.D【解析】文章的结尾，作者说我们不知道学校学生的能力和大脑两半球功能之间的确切关系;我们不懂大脑两半球是如何通过cor-pus callosum相互作用的;间接地提出对于corpus callosum的影响，多作研究工作。所以本题应选D。
65.A【解析】文章的主要目的是什么?短文介绍科学家在有关大脑结构方面的研究成果。B、C、D只是片面上的。所以本题应选A。
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