职称英语阅读理解综合A试题
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第4部分：阅读理解(第31——'45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。每道题后面有4个选项，请仔细阅读短文并根据短文内容回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择l个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇
Common-cold Sense
You can't beat it, but you don't have to join it. Maybe it got the name "common cold" because it's more common in winter. The fact is, though, being cold doesn't have anything to do with getting one. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses, and, at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one.
Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults, because they have more colds than adults--an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple. They haven't had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses.
There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same one twice. Being infected by one makes you immune to it--but only it.
Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughing. From another person's hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route. The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces.
Hygiene is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant soap,especially when children in your household have colds.
But even careful hygiene won't ward off every cold. So, what works when a coughing, sneezing, runny nose strikes?
The old prescription of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rest is a good place to start. But you'll also find some of the folk remedies worth trying. Hot mixtures of sugar (or honey), lemon,and water have real benefits.
31. According to the essay, you may have a cold because________.
A. the weather is too cold.
B. the spread of rhinoviruses gets people infected.
C. another person's coughing passes the cold to you.
D. you wash your hands too often.
32. The best way to keep yourself from getting colds is________.
A. to keep yourself clean.
B. to use a disinfectant soap.
C. to take two aspirin pills every day.
D. to drink lots of water.
33. Children have more colds because________.
A. they are usually infected about eight times each year.
B. they are not immune to many cold viruses.
C. they never wash their hands so that their thumbnails are dirty.
D. they don't like eating lemon.
34. When you are having a cold, ________.
A. it is always the same kind of cold that you had last time.
B. it may be the same kind of cold that you had last time.
C. it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last time.
D. it is probably not the same kind of cold that you had last time.
35. When one is having a cold, he often has some symptoms EXCEPT________.
A. coughing.
B. having a sore throat.
C. having a runny nose.
D. having a stomachache.
第二篇
Cigars Instead?
Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat, according to a government study.
Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus, and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voice-box) six-fold, say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.
In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers.
The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article "Cigars: Health Effects and Trends." The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines.
"This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase in cigar use and the significant public health consequences for the country," said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute, in a statement.
"The data are clear -- the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases," he added. "In other words, cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive."
"To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advice is--don't. To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks," warned Klausner.
According to National Cancer Institute press release, there haven't been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events, but "... a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates and increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke."
36. According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a day
A. increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers.
B. greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers.
C. increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers.
D. greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers.
37. In the passage how many cancers are mentioned in relation to smoking cigars daily?
A. Six.
B. Seven.
C. Eight.
D. Nine.
38. What is the main idea of the article "Cigars: Health Effects and Trends"?
A. When it comes to cancer, cigars are not any safer than cigarettes.
B. Cigars may be addictive while cigarettes are not easily so.
C. Cigars contain less harmful substances than cigarettes.
D. Increase in cigar-smoking does not affect public health much.
39. What is the doctors' advice to those cigar-smokers?
A. To give it up completely.
B. To give up part of it.
C. Not to think about it any more.
D. To cure the diseases first.
40. In the context of this passage, "secondhand smoke" may mean
A. smoking bad-quality cigars.
B. smoking very cheap cigars.
C. being near cigar smokers when they are not smoking.
D. being near cigar smokers when they are smoking.
第三篇
Batteries Built by Viruses
What do chicken pox, the common cold, the flu, and AIDS have in common? They're all disease caused by viruses, tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person. It's no wonder that when most people think about viruses, finding ways to steer clear of viruses is what's on people's minds.
Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers, though. In Cambridge, Massachusetts,scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way. They are putting viruses to work, teaching them to build some of the world's smallest rechargeable batteries.
Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair, but they're not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher, who first came up with5 the idea. At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways. In the case of the virus-built batteries, the scientists combine what they know about biology, technology and production techniques.
Belcher's team includes Paula Hammond, who helps put together the tiny batteries, and Yet-Ming Chiang, an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery. "We're working on things we traditionally don't associate with nature," says Hammond.
Many batteries are already pretty small. You can hold A, C and D batteries6 in your hand. The coin-like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny. However, every year, new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before. As these devices shrink, ordinary bakeries won't be small enough to fit inside.
The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package. Right now, Belcher's model battery, a metallic disk completely built by viruses, looks like a regular watch battery. But inside, its components are very small-so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope.
How small are these battery parts? To get some idea of the size, pluck one hair from your head.
Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is-pretty thin, right?
Although the width of each person's hair is a bit different, you could probably fit about 10 of these virus-built battery parts, side to side, across one hair. These microbatteries may change the way we look at viruses?.
41. According to the first paragraph people try to
A. kill microorganisms related to chicken pox, the flu, etc.
B. keep themselves away from viruses because they are invisible.
C. stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases.
D. cure themselves of virus-related diseases by taking medicines.
42. What is Belcher's team doing at present?
A. It is finding ways to get rid of viruses.
B. It is mass-producing microbatteries.
C. It is making batteries with viruses.
D. It is analyzing virus genes.
43. What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word "shrink" appearing in paragraph 5 ?
A. Broaden.
B. Spread.
C. Extend.
D. Expand.
44. Which of the following is true of Belcher's battery mentioned in paragraph 6 ?
A. It is made of metal.
B. It is a kind of watch battery.
C. It can only be seen with a microscope.
D. It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it.
45. How tiny is one battery part?
A. Its width is one tenth of a hair.
B. It equals the width of a hair.
C. It is as thin as a piece of paper.
D. Its width is too tiny to measure.
第4部分：阅读理解
第一篇
31.C。细节题。题干：根据短文，下列哪项不是许多大学生选择参军的原因?这类题需要分别定位四个选项。利用关键词，A、B和D三个因素均可在文章中找到，但是文章并未提及大学生参军的工资待遇比其他工作高，所以选项C“大学生参军的工资待遇比其他工作高”不是大学生参军的原因。
32.B。细节题。题干：可以推断大学生考虑参军的人数大约为__________。利用题干关键词graduating students和consider可以定位到文章第二段，意为“事实上，有很多大学生考虑参军。军队今年给大学毕业生提供了12万个工作岗位，而每50个打算参军的大学毕业生中就有1个人有机会去部队工作”，因此可以推知今年约有600万名大学毕业生考虑从军。
33.B。细节题。题干：除了就业不好和遇冷的经济外，下列哪一项是导致今年军队招聘人数增加的原因?利用题干关键词raise this year’s recruitment quota可以定位到第四段，意为“一位高级将领说，‘吸收新鲜血液和有天赋的年轻人来掌握新设备和高科技对国防现代化是很重要的”’。由此可知，选项B“吸引高素质的人员来满足国防高科技的需要”为正确答案。
34.C。细节题。题干：为什么作者认为大学生在选择就业时被给予了额外的机会?利用题干关键词extra chance可以定位到文章第五段，意为“招聘大学生的年龄限制放宽到24岁，而且有个重要的政策转变，那就是如果大学毕业生在1 1月征兵工作结束前找到其他更理想的工作，仍然可以改变主意，重新选择职业。这就给他们提供了多一次的选择机会。”，由此可知选项C“大学生可以改变主意，如果他们在征兵工作结束前找到其他更合适的工作”为正确答案。
35.D。词汇题。最后一段中“confidential”的意思为__________。本句意为“结束服役后在诸如出国等事情上没有任何限制，除非是其在部队从事__________工作”。由此可以推测出confidential的意思是“保密性的”，与“secret”最为接近。
第二篇
36.C。细节题。题干：为什么说他们早晨离开小屋的时间晚了?由第一段可以知道答案“It meant the day would be a hot one，and the warmth would loosen rocks that were gripped by ice.”可知岩石的状况已经不是很好了，故此题的正确答案为C。
37.A。细节题。题干：登山者讨厌斜坡的第一个原因是什么?由原文第二段“First，because it can easily be pushed offon to you by people climbing above.”可以直接得出答案，大意是“首先，因为碎石很容易被在上面攀爬的人推到你身上”，故A为正确选项。
38.B。词汇题。题干：“Cailloux”这个词的意思是什么?由第三段后半部分与第四段开头可知这个单词是“石头滑落”的意思。故选B。
39.D。细节题。题干：第四段男孩话语中讽刺的是什么?由第四段“‘Why?Because a rock in your face is far less pleasant than a rock on your helmet，’he told US.‘Face in，always face in.”可知，男孩告诫作者在攀岩的时候永远不要把脸朝上，因为“脸上挨石子远比帽子上有石子难受”，所以应“一直把脸埋着”，可知正确答案为D。
40.A。细节题。题干：从哪方面来说Toby安全了?由文中第五段“I looked across，he was safe beneath an overhanging canopy ofrock.”可以得出答案。故选A。
第三篇
41.D。细节题。题干：根据本文，什么导致了人口增长?利用题干关键词population increase可以定位到第二段“So why is this huge increase in population taking place?It is really due to the spread ofthe knowledge and practice ofwhat is becoming known as‘Death Control’.”，意为“人口增长为什么会这么快呢?这都是由于所谓‘死亡控制’的知识和做法的广泛传播”。由此可知，D为正确答案。
42.D。词汇题。题干：第二段中incurable的含意是__________。利用题干可以定位到第二段“…would have died ofa variety ofthen incurable diseases”，从“die of”我们可以猜出这些疾病是无法治愈的。 故答案为D。
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