2017年职称英语卫生类完形填空试题
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Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost
Eating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune system,especially when they come in the form of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on an animalmodel, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large 51 of raw potato starch (RPS) not onlyhad a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells,52 as leucocytes andlymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a 53 of inflammation or disease,generally when the body is challenged.
The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests anoverall beneficial effect, a generally more 54 body. The reduction in leukocyte levels wasabout 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of 55 levels of inflammation,but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density 56 lymphocyte apoptosis issurprising.
In 57was the longest study of its kind, pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to 58theeffect of starch on bowel health. "The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is 59 to simulatethe effects of a diet high in resistant starch," said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at theUniversitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain.
Humans do not eat 60 potatoes, but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistantstarch, such as cold boiled potatoes, legumes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. About 10percent of the starch eaten by human is resistant starch--starch that is not 61 in the smallintestine and so is shunted into the large intestine where it ferments. Starch consumption isthought to reduce the 62 of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritablebowel syndrome (IBS).
Immunology expert Lena Oman's team 63 found that the overall lymphocyte levels donot vary for IBS patients, but that lymphocytes are transferred from the peripheral blood to the gut,which support the hypothesis of IBS being 64 least partially all inflammatory disorder. Shesays the decrease in lymphocytes observed by the Spanish is therefore interesting, and a diet ofresistant starch may be worth 65 in IBS patients. Oman is currently at the Department ofInternal Medicine, Goteborg University, Sweden. The study is published in the Journal ofChemistry and Industry, the magazine of the SCI.
51. A. quantities
B. qualities
C. varieties
D. societies
52. A. so
B. even
C. just
D. such
53. A. path
B. threat
C. result
D. cause
54. A. unhealthy
B. simple
C. healthy
D. poor
55. A. reduced
B. removed
C. reflected
D. recovered
56. A. because
B. or
C. but
D. and
57. A. what
B. where
C. which
D. that
58. A. respond to
B. result in
C. turn out
D. find out
59. A. designed
B. analyzed
C. ensured
D. checked
60. A. large
B. many
C. cooked
D. raw
61. A. digested
B. considered
C. treated
D. included
62. A. position
B. effect
C. risk
D. safety
63. A. personally
B. previously
C. differently
D. similarly
64. A. on
B. at
C. in
D. of
65. A. try
B. to try
C. tried
D. trying
答案与解析
51.A。本题考查修饰名词的量词。题干：西班牙的调查者发现用未经加工的土豆淀粉喂养的猪不仅肠道更健康，而且……。此处表示“大量未经加工的土豆淀粉”，largequantities of意为“大量的”，可修饰不可数名词，也可修饰可数名词的复数形式。
52.D。本题考查句意和固定搭配。题干：而且白血细胞的水平降低了，一如血液中的白细胞和淋巴细胞的数量。此处表示举例子，such as意为“例如”，符合题意。
53.c。本题考查句意和名词。题干：白细胞通常是身体受到考验而出现炎症和疾病时产生的。此处表示“白细胞是由于炎症或疾病产生的”，as a result of是个固定搭配，意思是“由于”，后面是原因。
54.C。本题考查句意和形容词。题干：西班牙研究者们所观察到的白细胞水平的整体下调，意味着未经加工的土豆淀粉具有全面的有益作用，也就是总的来说身体是更加__________。由空格前的“an overall beneficial effect”可知，此处表示“更加健康的身体”，healthy符合题干要求。
55.A。本题考查句意和动词。题干：淋巴细胞数量的降低显示炎症指标的__________……此处表示“淋巴细胞数量的降低表明炎症指标的下降”，根据题意，reduce是正确答案。
56.D。本题考查逻辑关系和固定搭配。题干：淋巴细胞数量的降低显示炎症指标的下降，然后观察到的淋巴细胞浓度和淋巴细胞凋亡的减少却是惊人的。both…and…意思是“既……也……”，符合题意。
57.A。本题考查句意和从句引导词。题干：对此进行的最长的研究，是用未经加工的土豆淀粉喂养猪14个星期后来找到淀粉对肠道健康的影响。what引导的句子做介词in的宾与从句，且what在宾语从句中做主语，符合题意。
58.D。本题考查句意和动词词组。题干：对此进行的最长的研究，是用未经加工的土豆淀粉喂养猪14个星期后来找到淀粉对肠道健康的影响。此处表示“用未经加工的土豆淀粉喂养猪14周后来找出淀粉对肠道健康的影响”，find out符合题意。
59.A。本题考查句意和动词。题干：在试验中使用未经加工的土豆淀粉，目的就是为了模拟富含耐久淀粉的饮食所起的作用。此处表示“在试验中使用未经加工的土豆淀粉，就是为了模拟富含抗性淀粉的饮食所起的作用”，be designed to意为“目的是”，符合题意。
60.D。本题考查句意和形容词。题干：人们不吃未经加工的土豆，但是却吃很多富含耐久淀粉的食物。此处表示“人们不吃未经加工的土豆”，raw potatoes意为“未经加工的土豆”，符合题意。
61.A。本题考查句意和动词。题干：人们食用的淀粉大约有10%为耐久淀粉，也就是不能在小肠中消化，而是分流到大肠，在大肠中发酵的淀粉。此处表示“人们食用的淀粉大约有10%为抗性淀粉，也就是不能在小肠中消化的淀粉”，根据题意，只能选择A(消化)。
62.C。本题考查句意和名词。题干：食用淀粉被认为可以降低大肠癌的患病概率，还有可能对过敏性肠综合症起作用。此处表示“食用淀粉被认为可以降低患大肠癌的风险”，根据题意，只有risk符合要求，所以答案为C。
63.B。本题考查句意和副词。题干：免疫学专家Lena Ohman的研究小组先前曾发现过敏性肠综合症病人的淋巴细胞数量并没有改变。通过该句的下一分旬前but的语义可知，两个分旬问应为转折关系，因此此处填入previously表示以前的情况，但后来经过研究有所突破。
64.B。本题考查句意和固定介词搭配。题干：，但是淋巴细胞却是从周围的血液转移到肠内，这就给过敏性肠综合症至少部分是炎症性疾病的假设提供了依据。at least的意思是“至少”，符合题意，故B为正确答案。
65.D。本题考查动词的各种形式。题干：因为如此，西班牙人观察到的淋巴细胞的减少很有趣，耐久淀粉食品也许值得在过敏性肠综合症病人身上试验。be worth doing，表示“值得做某事”，符合题意，故正确答案为C。
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