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最新职称英语补全短文专项练习
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What Is Insulin-dependent Diabetes?
When you eat, your body takes the sugar from food and turns it into fuel. ____1____ Your body uses glucose for energy, so it can do everything from breathing air to playing a video game. But glucose can’t be used by the body on its own—it needs a hormone called insulin to bring it into the cells of the body.
Most people get the insulin they need from the pancreas, a large organ near the stomach. The pancreas makes insulin; insulin brings glucose into the cells; and the body gets the energy it needs. When a person has insulin-dependent diabetes, it’s because the pancreas is not making insulin. So someone could be eating lots of food and getting all the glucose he needs, but without insulin, there is no way for the body to use the glucose for energy. ____2____
You may have heard older people talk about having diabetes, maybe people of your grandparents’ age. Usually, this is a different kind of diabetes called non-insulin-dependent diabetes. It can also be called Type 2 diabetes, or adult-onset diabetes. ____3____
When a kid is diagnosed with juvenile (insulin-dependent) diabetes, he will have that type of diabetes for his whole life. It won’t ever change to non-insulin-dependent diabetes when he gets older.
Scientists now think that a person who has juvenile diabetes was born with a certain gene or genes that made the person more likely to get the illness. ____4____ Many scientists believe that along with having certain genes, something else outside the person’s body, like a viral infection, is necessary to set the diabetes in motion by affecting the cells in the pancreas that make insulin.
But the person must have the gene (or genes) for diabetes to start out with — this means you can’t get diabetes just from catching a flu, virus, or cold. And this type of diabetes isn’t caused by eating too many sugary foods, either. Diabetes can take a long time to develop in a person’s body — sometimes months or years. Another important thing to remember is that diabetes is not contagious. ____5____
词汇：
viral 病毒(性)的;病毒引起的 infection 感染
sugary 糖的;含糖的;甜的;太甜的 contagious 触染的;传染的
insulin 胰岛素 diabetes 糖尿病 glucose 葡萄糖
hormone 激素，荷尔蒙 pancreas 膜(腺)
onset 开始 juvenile 少年的
注释：
1.insulin-dependent diabetes：胰岛素依赖型糖尿病
2.on its own：独立地，靠自己的力量
3.non-insulin-dependent diabetes：非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病
4.adult-onset diabetes：成人型糖尿病
5.juvenile (insulin-dependent) diabetes：少年型(胰岛素依赖型)糖尿病
6.to set the diabetes in motion by affecting the cells in the pancreas that make insulin：通过对胰腺中生成胰岛素的细胞的影响而导致糖尿病的发作
练习：
A Genes are something that you inherit from your parents, and they are in your body even before you’re born.
B This sugar-fuel is called glucose.
C It may be possible to beat insulin resistance through lifestyle changes.
D You can’t catch diabetes from people who have it, no matter how close you sit to them or if you kiss them.
E The glucose can’t get into the cells of the body without insulin.
F When a person has this kind of diabetes, the pancreas usually can still make insulin, but the person’s body needs more than the pancreas can make.
答案与题解：
1.B 文章第一句讲，人进食后，身体便会从食物中获得糖并将其转化成燃料。接下来应首选对这种糖燃料加以解释的句子。
2.E 前两句讲到，患胰岛素依赖型糖尿病的病人，其胰腺不能生成胰岛素，因此，尽管某人进食大量食物并获取所需的全部葡萄糖，但没有胰岛素，身体就无法利用这些葡萄糖获取能量。也就是说，没有胰岛素，葡萄糖就不能进入身体的细胞内。
3.F 此段的前几句主要讲非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病，并指出它不同于胰岛素依赖型糖尿病。二者之间的主要区别是什么呢?回答这个问题的句子应当首选。
4.A 前一句讲，科学家们现在认为，患少年型糖尿病的人出生时就具有某个或者某些使其易患此病的基因。基因是什么呢?回答这问题的句子当然应该首选A。
5.D 前一句说明了糖尿病不具有触染性，接下来应当是对该句加以阐释的句子。
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