2017年职称英语阅读理解考试题

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2017年职称英语阅读理解考试题

　　阅读理解|||下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

　　Do bring about greater competition

　　About eight million school-age children are home alone after school. These are the hourswhen the number of violent crimes peaks and when youths are most likely to experiment with alco-hol, tobacco, and drugs. Many older children take care of themselves after school for an hour or twountil aparent comes home, and research suggests that some of these children are more at risk ofpoor grades and risky behaviors.

　　Studies have been done to find out what helps to reduce these kinds of risky behaviors amongyouths. One study of Chicago neighborhoods showed that after-school programs resulted in less vio-lence even in poor neighB.orhoods.

　　After-school programs can help to reduce crime and violence because they offer activities tochildren and youths during their out-of-school time. In addition to helping youths make use of af-ter-school hours, after-school programs provide teens with opportunities to develop caring relation-ships with adults. Studies have found that high-quality relationships with parents and other adults,as well as good use of time, are very important for healthy development in youth.

　　After-school programs can also be used for teens who hang out at friends' houses and playb.asketd.all when a parent or other responsible adult is at home. The programs can also be helpfulfor formal after-school activities, including" drop-in" programs that are provided B.y organizations.Despite the benefits of after-school programs, there are many reasons why some parents do notuse them. Programs may be too expensive, of poor quality, or hard to join. Some older children andyoung teens may refuse to attend programs that seem like they are just child care. Parents may feeluncertain about how much freedom is proper for children and youths who are beyond the tradition-al child care years. However, research supports the effectiveness of these programs in protectingmiddle school and high school youths from risk and harm.

　　Which of the following is abenefit of after-school programs?

　　A.They help to avoid crime and violence during that time.

　　B.They help youths do things on their own during after-school hours.

　　C.They help teens develop caring relationships with classmates.

　　D.They help to reduce risky behaviors among youths.

　　参考答案：D

　　参考解析：依据是第二段“Studies have been done to find out…resulted in less violence even inpoor neighB.orhoods”。A选项中的“avoid(避免)”用在这里不准确，根据第二段内容课后活动只能减少并没有说彻底避免危险行为及暴力行为的产生，因此不选A。根据第三段第一句话“很多活动会安排给学生们在课后参加”，所以他们并不是on their own(独自一人的)，因此不选B.。根据第三段第二句“…develop caring relationships with a-duhs.”可知，并不是和同学之间，而是和成年人之间形成良好关系，因此不选C。

　　Why do many parents refuse to use after-school programs?

　　A.The programs are just like child care programs.

　　B.The programs offer no freedom to their children.

　　C.The programs bring little benefit to parents and children.

　　D.The programs can be expensive or poor in quality.

　　参考答案：D

　　参考解析：依据是最后一段的前两句话“…there are many reasons why some parents…or hardto join”，根据最后一段第三句“Some older children and young teens may refuse to attendprograms that seem like they are just child care.”可以判断出，只是某些学生认为这样的活动类似于child care programs因此不喜欢，但并不是家长们拒绝课后活动项目的原因。因此不选A。根据最后一段第四句话可知，这些活动并不是不给孩子们任何自由，故不选B.项。C选项和前面第二段所讲的“after-school programs resulted in less violenceeven in poor neighB.orhoods”矛盾，本身就不正确，更不是家长们拒绝课后活动的原因。

　　What can we infer from the passage?

　　A.Teenagers tend to stay at their friends' houses for along time.

　　B.Relationships with adults may cause unhealthy development in youths.

　　C.The after-school programs can be used for many different kids.

　　D.Teenagers do not like the after-school programs.

　　参考答案：C

　　参考解析：根据第四段的第一句话可以得知，除了适合那种放学之后父母都不在家的孩子外，课后活动项目也同样适用于课后在朋友家打篮球，而家里会有一位父母或是其他成年人在场的情况，因此可以推断C是正确选项。文章中只说了学生会在朋友家“hangout”，并没有说“stay for A.long time”，因此不选A。根据第三段最后一句话“…high-quality relationships with parents and other adults…are very important for healthy develop-ment in youth.”可以推断和父母亲以及成年人之间的高质量的关系对于年轻人的健康发展很重要，如果这种关系质量不高，那么可能会造成年轻人的不健康发展。因此不选B.。根据最后一段的第三句话可以得知，只是某些学生不喜欢这样的课后活动，并非D选项中所说的那么绝对，因此不选D。

　　Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

　　A.The grades of those children who are home alone after school are more likely to suffer.

　　B.Parents want to give their children as much as possible freedom.

　　C.The after-school programs help the students to make use of the time after school.

　　D.The after-school programs are effective in protecting middle school and high school youths from risk and harm.

　　参考答案：B

　　参考解析：根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，父母亲不确定到底可以给年龄较长已经过了托管年龄的孩子多大自由，可以判断父母亲并没打算让孩子们随心所欲，蛤他们彻底的自由。因此B选项的内容是不正确的。A逸项的依据是第一段最后一句“…research sug.

　　gests that some of these children are more at risk of poor grades and risky B.ehaviors”。C进项的依据是第三段第二句“In addition to helping youths make use of aRer-school hours…”。

　　D选项的依据是第三段第一句“After-school programs can help to reduce crime and vio-lence…”。

　　Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

　　A.Youth Crimes

　　B.After-school Programs

　　C.Problem Children

　　D.Extracurricular Activities

　　参考答案：B

　　参考解析：全文都在讲述after-school programs出现的必要性、作用、适合群体以及来自家长和学生的反应，因此最佳标题应该是Aher-school Programs。

　　Late-Night Drinking

　　Coffee lovers beware. Having aquick" pick-me-up" cup of coffee late in the day will playhavocwith your sleep. As well as being astimulant, caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin, theB.rain hormone that sends people into asleep.

　　Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak be-tween 2 am and 4 am, before failing again. "It's the neurohormone that controls our sleep tells ourB.ody when to sleep and when to wake, "says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep EpidemiologyResearch Center at Stanford University in California. but researchers in Israel have found that caf-feinated coffee halves the body's levels of this sleep hormone.

　　Lotan Shilo and ateam at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six vol-unteers slept less well after acup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of de-caf. On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, comparedwith 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off--twice as long as usual--andjigged around in bed twice as much.

　　In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hoursand asked them to give aurine sample. Shilo measured concentrations of abreakdown product ofmelatonin. The results suggest that melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those indecaf drinkers. In apaper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine, the researchers suggest thatcaffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives tnelatonin production.

　　because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, Ohayon recommends thatcoffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch.

　　The author mentions" pick-me-up" to indicate that__________.

　　A.melatonin levels need to be raised

　　B.neurohormone can wake us up

　　C.coffee is astimulant

　　D.decaf is acaffeinated coffee

　　参考答案：C

　　参考解析：pick-me-up指提神饮料，也就是一种刺激物，在这篇文章里具体指咖啡。所以，答案选C。

　　第37题单选修改

　　(警告：没有校对)

　　Which of the following tells us how caffeine affects sleep?

　　A.Caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that stops melatonin production.

　　B.Caffeine interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleeping.

　　C.Caffeine halves the body's levels of sleep hormone.

　　D.Caffeine stays in the body for many hours.

　　参考答案：C

　　参考解析：第二段第三个句子谈到，“控制我们睡眠的是神经激素”，而这一段的最后一个句子告诉我们“含咖啡因咖啡能使这种激素减半”。这正是咖啡因影响睡眠的原因。

　　What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?

　　A.Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep.

　　B.Different findings of Lotan Shilo and ateam about caffeine.

　　C.The fact that the subjects slept 415 tninutes per night after drinking decaf.

　　D.The proof that the subjects took half an hour to fall asleep.

　　参考答案：A

　　参考解析：第三段涉及的是一个实验，这个实验的目的是测试含咖啡因咖啡和脱咖啡因咖啡对睡眠的影响，该段主要谈论的是这个实验的结果。

　　What does the experiment lnentioned in paragraph 4 prove?

　　A.There are more enzymes in decaf drinkers' urine sample.

　　B.There are more melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers' urine sample.

　　C.Decaf drinkers produce less melatonin.

　　D.Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone that decaf drinkers.

　　参考答案：D

　　参考解析：第四段是第三段实验的继续，是该实验的第二阶段。研究人员通过对志愿者尿样进行化验发现，咖啡因摄入者体内的褪黑激素仅为非咖啡因摄入者的一半。褪黑激素就是睡眠激素，所以答案应该选D。

　　The author of this passage probably agrees that__________ .

　　A.coffee lovers sleep less than those who do not drink coffee

　　B.we should not drink coffee after supper

　　C.people sleep more soundly at midnight than at 3 a. m.

　　D.if we feel sleepy at night,we should go to bed immediately

　　参考答案：B

　　参考解析：文章结尾谈到，“Ohayon建议爱喝咖啡的人午饭后应该换喝脱咖啡因咖啡”。另外，整篇文章都在探讨咖啡因影响睡眠的机理，所以，作者大概会同意“晚饭后不应该喝咖啡”的说法。选项A是一个全称判断，这等于说“所有喜欢喝咖啡的人都比不喝咖啡的人睡觉少”。这不一定，因为如果咖啡适量，喝咖啡的时间适当，咖啡不会影响睡眠。所以，作者可能不会同意这种说法。根据文章第二段第二句，选项C是错的。根据文章第二段第一个句子，我们体内的褪黑激素(睡眠激素)的浓度在我们上床时间前两小时开始上升，而这个时候我们会开始有困意。反过来说就是，人们并非一有困意就睡觉。所以，选项D不是答案。

　　Long bus Ride

　　Long bus rides are like television shows. They have A.beginning, amiddle, and an end--with commercials thrown in every three or four minutes. The commercials are unavoidable. Theyhappen whether you want them or not. Every couple of minutes A.billB.oard glides by outside thebus window. "buy Super Clean Toothpaste. " "Drink Good'n Wet Root beer. " "Fill up with Pa-cificGas. " Only if you sleep, which is equal to turning the television set off, are you spared theunending cry of "You Need It! buy It Now!"

　　The beginning of the ride is comfortaB.le and somewhat exciting, even if you've traveled thatway before. Usually some things have changed--new houses, new buildings, sometimes even anew road. The bus driver has A.style of driving and it's fun to try to figure it out the first hour orso. If the driver is particularly reckless or daring, the ride can be as thrilling as A.suspense story.

　　Will the driver pass the truck in time? Will the driver move into the right or the left-hand lane?

　　After awhile, of course, the excitement dies down. Sleeping for awhile helps pass the middlehours of the ride. Food always makes bus rides more interesting. but you've got to be careful ofwhat kind of food you eat. Too much salty food can make you very thirsty between stops.

　　The end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning. You know it will soon be over and there'sakind of expectation and excitement in that. The seat, of course, has become harder as the hourshave passed. by now you've sat with your legs crossed, with your hands crossed behind your head.

　　The end comes just at the right time. There are just no more ways to sit.

　　According to the passage, what do the passengers usually see when they are on A.long bus trip?

　　A.B.uses on the road.

　　B.films on television.

　　C.advertisements on the board.

　　D.gas stations.

　　参考答案：C

　　参考解析：第一段中介绍了乘客在坐长途车过程中所见的是广告牌。the commercials是“商业广告”的意思;B.illB.oard是“广告牌”的意思，即advertisements on the board。

　　What is the purpose of this passage?

　　A.To give the writer's opinion about long bus trips.

　　B.To persuade you to take along B.us trip.

　　C.To explain how bus trips and television shows differ.

　　D.To describe the billB.oards along the road.

　　参考答案：A

　　参考解析：全文主要介绍作者对乘车长途旅行的感受。因此选择A。

　　The writer of this passage would probably favor__________.

　　A.bus drivers who weren't reckless

　　B.driving alone

　　C.A.television set on the bus

　　D.no billB.oards along the road

　　参考答案：D

　　参考解析：第一段作者说到“The commercials are unavoidable.They happen whether you wantthem or not.”商业广告不可避免，无论你是否需要，它都会出现。也说到“Only if yousleep…are you spared the unending cry of‘Yon Need It!buy It Now!”’只有睡觉才能躲避广告。由此可以推断出作者不喜欢沿途的广告牌。

　　The writer feels long bus rides are like TV shows because__________.

　　A.the commercials both on TV shows and on billboards along the road are fun

　　B.they both have abeginning, amiddle, and an end, with commercials in between

　　C.the drivers are always reckless on TV shows just as they are on buses

　　D.both traveling and watching TV are not exciting

　　参考答案：B

　　参考解析：根据文章第一段第一句和第二句“乘坐长途车就如同欣赏电视秀，有开端、有情节、也有结尾，每隔三四分钟插播商业广告”，选项B.是正确的。

　　The writer thinks that the end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning because both are__________.

　　A.exciting

　　B.comfortable

　　C.tiring

　　D.boring