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职称英语理工类概括大意试题及答案解析2017
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Hurricanes (龙卷风)
(1) Did you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers.The first names were simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. but in 1953, females names were given because of the unpredictability ( 不可预知 ) factor of the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist (性别歧视的) nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and women.
(2) Hurricanes and typhoons ( 台风 ) are the same things. If they form in the Atlantic, we call these strong storms hurricanes, from the West Indian word hurricane, meaning "big wind".And if they are Pacific storms, they are called typhoons from the Chinese taifun, meaning"great wind." To be classified as a hurricane, the storm must have maximum winds of at least 75 mph. These storms are big, many hundreds of miles in diameter.
(3) Hurricanes get their power from water vapor as it gives out its stored-up energy. All water vapor gives out heat as it condenses (凝结) from a gaseous state to a liquid state over fixed points on the equator (赤道) . To make a hurricane, you must have extremely wet, warm air,the kind of air that can only be found in tropical region.
(4)Scientists have determined that the heat given out in the process of water condensation can be as high as 95 billion kilowatts per hour. In just one day alone, the storm can produce more energy than many industrialized nations need in an entire year! The problem is that we don't know how to make sure such great energy work for us.
(5) Predicting the path of a hurricane is one of the most difficult tasks for forecasters. It moves at a typical speed of 15 mph. But not always. Some storms may race at twice this speed, then suddenly stop and remain in the same location for several days. It can be maddening (发疯的 )if you live in a coastal area that may be hit.
(6) The biggest advance in early detection is continuous watch from weather satellites. With these,we can see the storms form and track them fully, from birth to death. While they can still kill people and destroy property, hurricanes will never surprise any nation again.
23——26概括大意
23. Paragraph 1 __________
24. Paragraph 2 __________
25. Paragraph 4 __________
26. Paragraph 5__________
A. Short history of naming hurricanes
B. Harnessing the hurricane energy
C. Difficulty in forecasting the course of a hurricane
D. Huge energy stored in a hurricane
E. Forecasting a hurricane through satellite watching
F. Different names for the same things
27——30完成句子
27. Both male and female names are used for hurricanes in consideration of__________.
28. Using weather satellites can ensure __________ of hurricanes.
29. Energy specialists may be interested in __________of hurricanes.
30. Scientists cannot accurately predict the course of a hurricane due to __________.
A. the timely (及时的) discovery
B. convenience
C. sex equality
D. its connection with humans
E. the huge power
F. its uncertainty
答案解析
23.A。该段中names反复出现，所以names是文章中的核心词，借助段首句和段末句的句意判断，答案应为A。
24.F。除了选项F以外，其余选项中的核心词，如：harness，forecast，store，satellite等，在文章中均没有出现。
25.D。该段落中“能量”一词频繁出现，所以该词是该段的中心词，故可以判断答案为B和D的可能性很大。再借助段首句和段末句的句意判断，答案应为D。
26.C。段首句中就出现了“预测”(predicting)和“困难”(difficult)，所以被选项中C和E可能是答案选项，而E中的“卫星”在该段落中根本没有出现，所以C是答案。
27.C。题干：飓风有着男性和女性的名字是考虑到__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到第一段的最后一句“In l979，realizing the sexist(性别歧视的)nature ofsuch names，the lists were expanded to include both men and women.”故判断答案为C(性别平等)。
28.A。题干：使用天气卫星能保证飓风的`__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到第六段第二句：“With these，we can see the storms form and track them fully,from birth to death.”所以答案为A。
29.E。题干：能源专家可能对飓风的__________感兴趣。利用题干关键词可以定位到第四段最后两句，由该处提到飓风中包含的能量，可知答案为E。
30.F。题干：科学家们不能准确预测飓风的行程是因为__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到第5 段‘Predicting the path ofa hurricane is one ofthe most difficult tasks for forecasters.It moves at a typical speed of l5 mph.But not always.”可知答案为F。
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