2016年职称英语真题及答案(综合类B级)

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2016年职称英语真题及答案(综合类B级)

　　词汇选项

　　1. All houses within 100 meters of the seas are at risk of flooding.

　　A. In danger B. out of control C. between equals D. in particular

　　2. The course gives you basic instruction in maintenance.

　　A. Idea B. term C. aspect D. coaching

　　3. We are aware of the potential problem.

　　A. Possible B. global C. ongoing D. central

　　4. Stock market price tumbled after rumor of a rise in interest rate.

　　A. Regulated B. increase C. fell D. maintained

　　5. The revelation of his pas led to his resignation.

　　A. Imagination B. confirmation C. recall D. disclosure

　　6. The details of the costume were totally authentic.

　　A. Real B. outstanding C. creative D. false

　　7. The new garment fits her perfectly.

　　A. Haircut B. purse C. clothes D. necklace

　　8. We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.

　　A. Stable B. suitable C. changeable D. adaptable

　　9. The idea was quite brilliant.

　　A. Positive B. key C. original D. clever

　　10. They have built canals to irrigate the desert.

　　A. Decorate B. change C. water D. visit

　　11. Her overall language proficiency remains that of a toddler.

　　A. Disabled B. pupil C. baby D. teenager

　　12. The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.

　　A. Warm B. severe C. hard D. dry

　　13. The phobia may have its roots in a childhood trauma.

　　A. Fear B. joy C. hurt D. memory

　　14. You will have to sprint if you want to catch the train.

　　A. Jump B. run C. escape D. prepare

　　15. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can be very brutal.

　　A. Careless B. strong C. cruel D. hard

　　阅读判断

　　Time to Stop Traveling by Air

　　Twenty-five years ago a young British man called Mark Ellingham decided that he wanted a change of scenery. So he went to Australia, stopping off in many countries between. He also decided to write about the experience and produced a guide for other travelers making similar journeys.

　　In 1970, British airports were used by 32million people. In 2004, the figure was 216 million. In 2030, according to government forecasts, it will be around 500 million. It's a growth driven by the emergence of low cost airlines, offering access to all parts of the world for less than £100.

　　This has made a huge contribution to global warming. One return flight from Britain to the US produces the same carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)as a year's motoring(驾车). A return flight to Australia equals the emissions(排放)of three average cars for a year. And the pollution is released at a height where its effect on climate change is more than double that on the ground.

　　Mark Ellingham built his business on helping people travel. Now he wants to help people stop – at least by air.

　　He is calling for a £100 green tax on all flights to Europe and Africa, and £250 on flights to the rest of the world. He also wants investment to create a low-carbon economy, as well as a halt to airport expansion.

　　Mark Ellingham's commitment is important because his readers aren't just the sort of young and adventurous people who would happily jump on a plane to spend a weekend exploring a foreign culture. They are also the sort of people who say they care about the environment. It's a debate that splits people down the middle.

　　The tourist industry has responded by offering offsetting(补偿)schemes. A small increase in the price of a ticket is used to plant trees.

　　But critics say that it is not enough to just be carbon neutral. We should be actively cutting back on putting green house gases into the atmosphere. And for the average person, making a plane journey will be his or her largest contribution to global warming. It maybe good to repair the damage we do. But surely it is better not to do the damage in the first place.

　　16.【题干】Mark Ellingham spent quite a few days in China on his way to Australia 25 years ago.

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Not mentioned

　　17.【题干】Traveling from Britain to any other part of the world may cost you less than £100.

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Not mentioned

　　18.【题干】A round trip flight from Britain to Australia produces the same amount of carbon dioxide as three average cars do in a year.

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Not mentioned

　　19.【题干】Mark Ellingham has never hesitated to encourage people to travel by air.

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Not mentioned

　　20.【题干】Mark Ellingham's readers are not interested in environmental protection.

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Not mentioned

　　21.【题干】Critics argue that the best way to protect our environment is not to do any damage to it.

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Not mentioned

　　22.【题干】Mark Ellingham will collaborate with the critics in his efforts to fight global warming.

　　A.Right

　　B.Wrong

　　C.Not mentioned

　　概括大意与完成句子

　　Tunguska Event

　　1 A hundred years ago this week, a gigantic explosion ripped (撕裂) open the day y above a forest in western Siberia, leaving a scientific riddle that endures to this day.

　　2 A dazzling light pierced the heavens, followed by a shock wave as strong as 1,000 atomic bombs. The explosion flattened 80 million trees across an area of 2,000 square kilometers. The fireball was so great that, a day later, Londoners could read their newspapers under the night sky. What caused the so-called Tunguska Event, named after the nearby Podkamennaya Tunguska River, still remains a mystery.

　　3 Experts suspect it was a rock that, after traveling in space for millions of years, was destined to crash to Earth at exactly 7:17 a.m. on June 30, 1908. This possibility worries scientists. “Imagine an unspotted asteroid (小行星) hitting a significant chunk(块) of land ... and imagine if that area, unlike Tunguska, were populated,” the British science journal Nature commented recently.

　　4 But no fragments of the “rock” have ever been found. Finding such evidence would be important, for it would increase our knowledge about the risk posed by dangerous Near Earth Objects (NEOs), say Italian researchers Luca Gasperini, Enrico Bonatti and Giuseppe Longo. When the next Tunguska NEO approaches, scientists will have to decide whether to try to deflect (使偏转) it or blow it up in space.

　　5 However, several rival theories for the Tunguska Event exist. Wolfgang Kundt, a professor at Germany's Bonn University, believes the Tunguska Event was caused by a massive escape of 10 million tons of methane(甲烷)-rich gas from deep within earth's crust. Some people hold that the explosion was caused by an alien spaceship crash, or a black hole in the universe.

　　23. Paragraph 2

　　24. Paragraph 3

　　25. Paragraph 4

　　26. Paragraph 5

　　A. Competing Explanations

　　B. Unknown Attacks

　　C. Mysterious Explosion

　　D. Star War

　　E. Importance of Finding Evidence

　　F. Explanation that Worries Scientists

　　27. The gigantic explosion that occurred a hundred years ago

　　28. The shock wave which followed the dazzling light

　　29. The hypothesis that the explosion was caused by a rock colliding with the Earth

　　30. Wolfgang Kundt, who has developed an alternative theory

　　A. has remained a puzzle

　　B. lacks sufficient evidence

　　C. is a university professor

　　D. was generated by the explosion

　　E. will kill many animals

　　F. are attacked by aliens

　　阅读理解

　　Sports star Yao Ming 【运动明星姚明】

　　If Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games.

　　But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity(名气). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess(杰出的才能)also for being a symbol of international commerce.

　　When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No.1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft(选抜)， he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enough—no NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful(难对付的人)for opponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China.

　　When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture(骨折)in his left foot, a collective shudder(震动)spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and though the estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China, Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.

　　Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process Western experts are generally skeptical of TCM's benefits although new research from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair.

　　"There is no reason to dismiss TCM," Yao told a press conference in Beijing." It's been used in our country for thousands of years. I don't think that it's short on science."

　　36. The word "towering" in Paragraph 1 means_____

　　A. large.

　　B. fat.

　　C. tall.

　　D. great.

　　37. Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his_____

　　B. Mobility.

　　C. Assault.

　　D. Defense.

　　E. Celebrity.

　　38. Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because_____

　　A. his right foot had been hurting.

　　B. he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.

　　C. the surgical operation had been a failure.

　　D. he couldn't afford all the medical expenses.

　　39. Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?

　　A. He missed the Athens Olympics.

　　B. He is an NBA player.

　　C. He fractured his left foot.

　　D. He is an international figure.

　　40. In general, the Western experts' attitude towards TCM is_____.

　　A. indifferent.　　B. positive. C. negative. D. doubtful.

　　Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize Announcements【诺贝尔奖的公布从医学奖开始】

　　Two scientists who have won praise for research into the growth of cancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday, kicking off six days of Nobel announcements.

　　Australian-born U. S. citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have already won a series of medical honors for their enzyme research and experts say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel.

　　Only seven women have won the medicine prize since the first Nobel Prizes were handed out in 1901. The last female winner was U. S. researcher Linda Buck in 2004, who shared the prize with Richard Axel.

　　Among the pair's possible rivals are Frenchman Pierre Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who opened up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors.

　　As usual, the award committee is giving no hints about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholm's Karolinska Institute.

　　Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite, established the prizes in his will in the categories of medicine, physics, chemistry,, literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden's central bank.

　　Nobel left few instructions on how to select winners, but medicine winners are typically awarded for a specific breakthrough rather than a body of research.

　　Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor ( US $1.3 million. prize encourages groundbreaking research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal for scientists.

　　"Individual researchers probably don't look at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winners when they're at work," Jornvall told The Associated Press. "They get their kicks from their research and their interest in how life functions."

　　In 2006, Blackburn, of the University of California, San Francisco, and Greider, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, shared the Lasker prize for basic medical research with Jack Szostak of Harvard Medical School. Their work set the stage for research suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase to sustain their uncontrolled growth.

　　1. Who is NOT a likely candidate for this year's Nobel Prize in medicine?

　　A Elizabeth Blackburn. B Carol Greider .

　　C Linda Buck. D Pierre Chambon.

　　2. Which is NOT true of Alfred Nobel?

　　A He was from Sweden

　　B He was the inventor of dynamite.

　　C He established the prizes in his will

　　D He gave clear instructions on how to select winners.

　　3. Which was NOT originally one of the Nobel Prizes?

　　A The medicine prize. B The literature prize.

　　C The peace prize. D The economics prize.

　　4. The word "kicks" in line 6 from the bottom probably means

　　A excitement. B income.

　　C motivation. D knowledge.

　　5. The research by Blackburn and Greider helps suggest the role of

　　A money in medical research.

　　B proteins in cancer treatment.

　　C hormones in the functioning of life.

　　D telomerase in the growth of cancer cells.

　　Ethnic Tensions in Belgium

　　Belgium has given the world Audrey Hepburn Rene Magritte (surrealist artist), the saxophone(萨克斯管)and deep-fried potato chips that are somehow called French.

　　But the story behind this flat, twice-Beijing-size country is of a bad marriage between two nationalities living together that cannot stand each other. With no new government, more than a hundred days after a general election, rumors run wild that the country is about to disappear.

　　"We are two different nations, an artificial state. With nothing in common except a king, chocolate and beer." Said Filp Dewinter, the leader of the Flemish Bloc, the extreme-right Flemish party.

　　Radical Flemish separatists like Mr Dewinter want to divide the country horizontally along ethnic and economic lines: to the north. Flanders—where Dutch (known locally as Flemish) is spoken and money is increasingly made; to the south. French-speaking Wallonla, where today old factories dominate the landscape.

　　The area of present-day Belgium passed to the French in the 18th century. Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815. Belgium was given to the kingdom of the Netherlands, from which it gained independence as a separate kingdom of the Netherlands, from which it gained independence as a separate kingdom in 1830.

　　Since then, it has struggled for cohesion(结合).Anyone who has spoken French in a Flemish city quickly gets a sense of the mutual hostility that is part of daily life there.

　　But there are reasons Belgium is likely to stay together, at least in the short term.

　　The economies of the two regions are tightly linked, and separation would be a financial nightmare.

　　But there is also deep resentment in Flanders that its much healthier economy must subsidize(补贴)the south, where unemployment is double that of the north. French speakers in the south, meanwhile, favor the states quo(现状).

　　Belgium has made it through previous threats of division. Although some political analysts believe this one is different, there is no panic just now.

　　"We must not worry too much." said Baudouln Bruggeman, a 55-year-old school-teacher." Belgium has survived on compromise since 1930. You have to remember that this is Magritte's country, the country of surrealism. Anything can happen."

　　36Who was Magritte?

　　A.A French novelist

　　B.A saxophonist

　　C.A separatist

　　D.A surrealist artist

　　37. when did Belgium become an independent kingdom?

　　A.in 1800

　　B.in 1830

　　C.in 1815

　　D.in 1930

　　38Which statement about Belgium is NOT true?

　　A.it is twice as big as Beijing.

　　B.it has two major ethnic groups.

　　C.it has gone through quite a few threats of division.

　　D.it has no government.

　　39what does the passage main talk about?

　　A.Surrealist artists.

　　B.Belgium's economy.

　　C.Cultural clashes in Belgium.

　　D.Music in Belgium.

　　40The word "stand" in Paragraph 2 means_____.

　　A.handle

　　B.meet

　　C.combine

　　D.bear

　　补全短文

　　What Is a Dream?【什么是梦】

　　阅读判断改编为补全短文

　　For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions.

　　Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God.(46)___

　　The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud', was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900) ,Freud wrote that dreams are an expressions of a person's wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.

　　The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung2 was once a student of Freud's. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. (47)___ For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.

　　Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior. (48)___

　　Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.

　　He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. (49)___This is not true of women's dreams.-3 Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.

　　Can dreams help us understand ourselves Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. (50)___The dream' may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.

　　A. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.

　　B. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.

　　C. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn't panic.

　　D. For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting.

　　E. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.

　　F. Men and women dream about different things.

　　完形填空

　　Culture differences 【文化差异】

　　People from different cultures sometimes do things that make each other uncomfortable, sometimes without realizing it. Most Americans ___A__1___ out of the country and have very __B___2____ experience with foreigners. But they are usually spontaneous, friendly and open, and enjoy __C__3____ new people, having guests and bringing people together formally or informally. They tend to use first names __D__4____ most situations and speak freely about themselves. So if your American hosts do something that ___A__5___ you uncomfortable, try to let them know how you feel. Most people will _C__6___ your honesty and try not to make you uncomfortable again. And you’ll all __C___7______ something about another culture!

　　Many travelers find _____8__B___ easier to meet people in the U.S. than in other countries. They may just come up and introduce themselves or even invite you over ____9__D_ they really know you. Sometimes Americans are said to be _C___10___. Perhaps it seems so, but they are probably just __A__11____ a good time. Just like anywhere else, it takes time to become real friends __A__12____ people in the U.S..

　　If and when you ___D__13____ American friends, they will probably _D___14____ introducing you to their friends and family, and if they seem proud ___A__15____ you, it’s probably because they are. Relax and enjoy it!

　　1. A) have never been B) have been never C) has never been D) has been never

　　2. A) a little B) little C) much D) a great deal

　　3. A) meet B) to meet C) meeting D) to have met

　　4. A) on B) among C) within D) in

　　5. A) makes B) make C) made D) making

　　6. A) praise B) honor C) appreciate D) confirm

　　7. A) pick B) select C) learn D) study

　　8. A) this B) it C) them D) /

　　9. A) when B) if C) after D) before

　　10. A) superficially friend B) superficial friend C) superficially friendly D) superficial friendly

　　11. A) having B) taking C) making D) killing

　　12. A) with B) among C) to D) in