职称英语真题《卫生B》阅读理解精选
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Dangers Await Babies with Altitude
Women who live in the world's highest communities tend to give birth to under-weight babies,a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.
Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasn't clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished -- many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.
To find out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1976 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers.
Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birth weight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. "We were very surprised by this result," says Giussani.
The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth. "This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child," says Giussani.
His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to rest of the body.
Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birth weight is a risk factor for coronary (冠状的) heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.
41. What does the new study discover?
A. Babies born to wealthy families are heaver.
B. Women living at high altitude tend to give birth to under-weight babies.
C. Newborns in cities are lighter than average.
D. Low-altitude babies have a high risk of heart disease in later life.
42. Gussani and his team are sure that__________.
A. babies born in La Paz are on average lighter than in Santa Cruz
B. people living at high altitudes tend to give birth to under-weight babies
C. the birth weight of babies in Santa Cruz is the lovest
D. mothers in La Paz are commonly under-nourished
43. It can be infereed from what Giussani says in Paragrah 4 that __________.
A. the finding was unexpected
B. he was very tired
C. the study took longer than expected
D. he was surprised to find low-income families in La Paz
44. The results of the study indicate the reason for the under-wight babies is __________.
A. lack of certain nutrition
B. poverty of their mother
C. different family backgrounds
D. reduction of oxygen levels
45. It can be learned from the last paragrah that__________.
A. high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressure in later life
B. under-weight babies have a shorter life span
C. babies born to poor families lack hormones before birth
D. newborns in wealthy families have larger heads compared with their bodies
答案与解析
41.B。细节题。题干：新的研究发现了什么?利用题干关键词new study可以定位到第一段的第一句，可知“那些生活在世界最高的社区的妇女可能会生出体重不达标的婴儿”，所以B(生活在高海拔地区的女性可能会生出体重不达标的婴儿)为正确答案。
42.A。细节题。题干：Giussani和他的团队确定的是 __________。利用题干关键词Giussani and his team和sure可以定位到第四段的首句，可知“足够确定的是，Giussani发现La Paz地区的婴儿出生时的平均体重与Santa Cruz相比明显轻得多”，所以该题正确答案为A(出生在La Paz的婴儿比出生在Santa Cruz的婴儿平均体重轻)。
43.A。细节题。题干：根据第四段Giussani所说，可以推断出 __________。利用题干关键词Giussani says in Paragraph 4可以定位第四段，从中可知“我们对这个结果感到很吃惊”，所以推知结果是意料之外的，故该题答案为A(发现是意料之外的)。
44.D。细节题。题干：研究结果表明造成婴儿体重不达标的原因是 __________。利用题干关键词result ofthe study和reason等可以定位倒数第五段，可知“研究结果表明出生在高海拔地区的婴儿在出生前就被剥夺了氧气(呼吸较少的氧气)”，由此不难得出该题的答案为D(氧气的减少)。
45.B。推断题。题干：根据最后一段可以推断出 __________。根据最后一段可知，在La Paz地区出生的孩子在成年后有患心脏病的风险，体重不达标是患冠心病的一个因素，新出生的头比身子大的孩子在今后的生活中可能会有患高血压和中风的风险。由此可知，选项A与原文不一致，选项C和D未提及，因此可以推断这些孩子因为患病概率较大因而寿命不太长，故该题答案为B(体重不达标的婴儿寿命比较短)。
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