职称英语历年真题《理工B》补全短文精选
在日常学习和工作生活中，我们最熟悉的就是考试真题了，考试真题是命题者按照一定的考核目的编写出来的。什么类型的考试真题才能有效帮助到我们呢？以下是小编整理的职称英语历年真题《理工B》补全短文精选，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。
职称英语历年真题《理工B》补全短文 1
The Tough Grass that Sweetens Our Lives.
Sugar cane was once a wild grass that grew in New Guinea and was used by local people for roofing their houses and fencing their gardens.Gradually a different variety evolved which contained sucrose (蔗糖) and was chewed on for its sweet taste.Over time, sugar cane became a highly valuable commercial plant, grown throughout the world.__________ (46)
Sugar became a vital ingredient in all kinds of things, from confectionery (糖果点心) to medicine,and, as the demand for sugar grew, the industry became larger and more profitable.__________(47)
Many crops withered (枯萎) and died, despite growers attempts to save them, and there were fears that the health of the plant would continue to deteriorate.
In the 1960s, scientists working in Barbodos looked for ways to make the commercial species stronger and more able to resist disease.They experimented with breeding programmes, mixing genes from the more delicate, commercial type.__________(48) This sugar cane is not yet ready to be sold commercially, but when this happens, it is expected to be incredible profitable for the industry.
__________ (49) Brazil, which produces one quarter of the worlds sugar, has coordinated an international project under Professor Paulo Arrudo of the Universidade Estaudual de Campinas in Sao Paulo.Teams of experts have worked with him to discover more about which parts of the genetic structure of the plant are important for the production of sugar and its overall health.
Despite all the research, however, we still do not fully understand how the genes in sugar cane.
__________(50) This gene is particularly exciting because it makes the plant resistant to rust, a disease which probably originated in India, but is now capable of infecting sugar cane across the world.
Scientist believes they will eventually be able to grow a plant which cannot be destroyed by rust.
A.Eventually, a commercial plant was developed which was 5 percent sweeter than before,but also much stronger and less likely to die from disease.
B.One major gene has been identified by Dr Angelique DHont and her team in Montpelier, France.
C.Sugar cane is now much more vigorous and the supply of sugar is therefore more guaranteed.
D.Since the 1960s, scientists have been analyzing the mysteries of the sugar canes genetic code.
E.The majority of the worlds sugar now comes from this particular commercial species.
F.Unfortunately, however, the plant started to become weaker and more prone to disease.
答案与解析
46.E。空格前一句甘蔗成了一种极具价值的商业作物，在全世界种植。空白处应继续谈论其价值，故E选项(现在世界上大部分糖都是产自这个特殊的商业作物)符合文意。
47.F。空格前提到对糖的需求增加，这个行业开始获利，而空格后提到植物枯萎并死掉。前后具有转折关系，所有选项中只有F含有转折词however，故F(然而不幸的是这种植物开始变弱，容易得病)是正确答案。
48.A。空格前提到了科学家进行不同植物基因混合的实验来培育新品种，空格后提到现在这种甘蔗植物还不准备用做商业用途。由此可知，空白处讲的应该是关于新的甘蔗品种，故A(最终，一种新的商业甘蔗被培养出来，比之前的甜度增加5%，而且比之前的作物要更强壮，发病的可能性更小)是正确答案。
49.D。空格后列举了巴西的例子，指出科学家试图发现更多的'影响含糖量和产量的基因结构，故D项(自20世纪60年代起，科学家一直在研究甘蔗基因代码的秘密)是正确答案。
50.B。空格前提到研究者们仍然无法完全了解甘蔗的基因，空格后提到这个基因尤其令人兴奋，其中的this gene应该指代空白处提到的某个基因，故8选项(一个主要的基因已经由Angellique D’Hont博士及其团队鉴别出来了)符合文意。
职称英语历年真题《理工B》补全短文 2
Avalanche (雪崩) and Its Safety.
An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside.Avalanches are__________ (1) the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.
All avalanches are caused by an overburden of material, typically snowpack (积雪场), that is too massive and trustable for the slope__________(2) supports it.Determining the critical load,the amount of over-burden which is __________ (3) to cause an avalanche, __________ (4) a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.
Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low __________(5) of avalanche.Snow does not __________(6) significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does not__________(7) easily on flat slopes.Human-triggered (激发) avalanches have the greatest incidence(发生率) when the snows angle of rest is __________(8) 35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees.The rule of thumb (经验法则) is: A slope that is__________(9) enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle.Additionally, avalanche risk increases with__________ (10); that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.
Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry (人烟稀少的地区)is never 100% safe.Good avalanche safety is a continuous__________(11), including route selection and examination to the snowpack, weather __________ (12), and human factors.Several we|l-known good habits can also __________ (13)the risk.If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid__________(14) to.Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made.Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are__________ (15) or damaged.Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.
1.A.among
B.of
C.to
D.in
2.A.when
B.that
C.who
D.whose
3.A.mostly
B.likely
C.clearly
D.surely
4.A.are
B.will be
C.is
D.was
5.A.weight
B.form
C.risk
D.work
6.A.fall
B.flow
C.roll
D.gather
7.A.fall
B.flow
C.roll
D.gather
8.A.among
B.between
C.with
D.for
9.A.thick
B.thin
C.flat
D.rocky
10.A.use
B.time
C.snow
D.rain
11.A.journey
B.trip
C.Fact
D.process
12.A.conditions
B.reports
C.forecast
D.event
13.A.increase
B.reduce
C.improve
D.remove
14.A.price
B.effort
C.attention
D.money
15.A.missing
B.grown
C.big
D.fresh
答案解析：
1.A。这里考查的是介词。这里是说，雪崩是山上可能发生的最大危险之一，因此应该选择among(在……之中)。
2.B。这里考查的是定语从句。根据定语从句引导词的选用原则，确定答案为that，具体参见定语从句【备考助手】。
3.B。这里是说，过度的雪积压导致雪崩。显然是可能而不是必定导致雪崩。所以，B是最佳答案。
4.C。这里考查的是主谓一致。该句的主语是determining the critical load，从上下文来看应该使用一般现在时，所以C是正确答案。
5.C。这里是说，坡度小于25度或者大于60度有较低的发生雪崩的__________ 。weight(重量)、form(形式)、risk(风险)、work(工作)分别代入，只有a low risk of avalanche符合上下文的意思。后面的句子解释了a low risk ofavalanche的道理，证实了应选risk。
6.D。第6题和第7题是讲为什么坡度小于25度或者大于60度发生雪崩的风险较低。本句是说，在坡度大的坡上，雪不会大量。9ather(聚集)符合语境，因为在坡度大的坡上雪不聚集才不会发生雪崩。
7.B。本句是说，在较为平坦的坡面，雪不会轻易__________ 。roll(滑动)符合语境，因为在较为平坦的坡面上雪不会轻易滑动，所以发生雪崩的危险比较低。
8.B。本句是说，坡度在35——45度之间，最可能发生人为触发的雪崩。between意为“在……之间”。
9.C。这个句子说的是什么样的山坡最易发生雪崩，flat有“平坦”之意，与后面的steep形成对比。
10.A。句中的that is表明，后半部分是对前半部分的进一步说明。所以，这里要根据下文的意思判断。use是最佳选择。整个句子的'意思是：山坡被滑雪者使用得越多，雪崩就越可能发生。
11.D。尽管选项A、B和D都能和continuous搭配，从全段的内容判断，只有process是最佳选择，因为该段描写的是如何防备雪崩及如何做好安全措施等一系列问题。
12.A。从上下文来看，这里谈论的是如何防备雪崩，包括路线的选择，对积雪的选择，天气和人为因素。选项A、B、C都可以与weather搭配，但是根据上下文，只有weather condition(天气状况)最符合语境。
13.B。从上下文语境来看，这里还是谈论如何防备雪崩，所以选项A不符合句子的意思;C不能和risk搭配;D也不符合句子的意思，因为不可能完全消除雪崩的隐患。
14.c。该句主句使用的是被动语态。第二个动词是pay attention to的被动形式。选项A、B、D均不符合句子的意思。
15.A。从上下文语境来看，该句是作者给出的一系列忠告之一，包括认真观察地形、注意明显的雪崩路径。这里的or是解题线索，表示or前后的词在意思上接近，所以选择missing(缺少的)。
职称英语历年真题《理工B》补全短文 3
If you cannot see, you may not be able to find your way out of a burning building-and that could be fatal.A company in Leeds could change all that__1__ directional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit.
Sound Alert, a company__2__ the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for__3__ people in Sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in Cumbria.__4__produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine the __5__ is coming from.
Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be __6__ by humans."It is a burst of white noise__7__ people say sounds like static on the radio," he says."Its life-saving potential is great"
She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of a large__8__ room.It__9__ them nearly our minutes to find the door__10__ a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one.
Withington studies how the brain__11__ sounds at the university.She says that the __12__ of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band.Alarms__13__ on the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles.
The alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up__14__ down stairs.They were__15__ with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels.
1.A) without B)with C)having D)selling
2.A) run by B)changed by C) decorated by D)criticized by
3.A) slow B)deaf C)blind D)lame
4.A) Alarms B) Alarm C) The alarm D) The alarms
5.A) noise B) sound C) music D) bell
6.A) watched B) produced C) learnt D) heard
7.A) where B) what C) that D) how
8.A) smoked B) smoke-filled C) filled with smoke D) smoke-filling
9.A) has taken B) takes C) took D) will take
10.A) on B) near C) without D) from
11.A) processes B) produces C) possesses D) proceeds
12.A) feature B) quality C)diagram D) source
13.A) basis on B) base on C) basing on D) based on
14.A) or B) and C) but D) otherwise
15.A) developed B) determined C) discovered D) delivered
key: BACDB DCBCC ADDAA
The Greatest Mystery of Whales
The whale is a mammal - warm-blooded, air-breathing, giving birth to its young alive, sucking them-and, like all mammals, originated on land.There are many signs of this.__1__ front flippers, used for steering and stability, are traces of feet.
Immense strength is built into the great body of the big whales, and in fact most of a whale’s body is one gigantic muscle.The blue whale’s pulling __2__ has been estimated at 400 horsepower.One specimen was reported to have __3__ a whaling vessel for seven hours at the __4__ of eight knots.
An enraged whale will attack a ship.A famous __5__ of this was the fate of whaler Essex, which was sunk __6__ South America early in the last century.More recently, steel ships have had their plates buckled in the same way.Sperm whales were known to __7__ the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them.
The greatest mystery of whales is their diving ability.The sperm whale __8__ the bottom for his favourite food, the octopus.__9__ he is known to go as far down as 3,200 feet, where the pressure is 1,400 pounds, to the square inch.Doing __10__ he will remain submerged as long as one hour.Two feats are involved in this : storing up enough __11__(all whales are air-breathed) and withstanding the great change in pressure.Just __12__ he dose it scientists have not determined.It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special system of blood vessels, rather than just held in the lungs.And __13__ that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort of compensating mechanism that automatically adjusts the internal pressure of his body.But __14__ you can’t bring a live whale into the laboratory for study, no one __15__ just how these things work.
EXERCISE:
1.A)Their B)His C)Theirs D)Its
2.A)strength B)width C)height D)length
3.A)eaten B)crashed C)towed D)lifted
4.A)distance B)rate C)voyage D)sail
5.A)picture B)film C)example D)book
6.A)off the coast of B)of the coast of C0away the coast of D)in the coast of
7.A)hit B)seize C)damage D)overturn
8.A)sink to B)rest on C)dive to D)hide on
9.A)In that search B)Because of this C)In spite of that D)In support of this
10.A)so B)such C)above D)the same
11.A)air B)oxygen C)energy D)heat
12.A)what B)where C)how D)when
13.A)it is believed B)he believes C)we believe D)it believes
14.A)because of B)due to C)since D)owing to
15.A)communicates B)knows C)hears D)develops
KEY:D A C B C A B C A A B C A C B
职称英语历年真题《理工B》补全短文 4
The surface of the earth may seem very stable to you.But you might be amazed if you knew some of the things that are going on under that surface.
The earth has an outer shell of rigid pieces called tectonic plates (地壳构造板块).The plates include both ocean floor and dry land.Some have whole continents on top of them.The continents on top of the plates are just going along for a slow ride,moving only about four inches per year.But even this small movement causes three types of big interactions.
One type is ocean ridges.These ridges develop in places where two plates are moving away from each other.As the plates separate,hot magma(岩浆)flows up to fill the space.New crust(地壳)builds up on the plate boundaries and causes ocean ridges.These ridges form long mountain ranges,which only rise above the ocean surface in a few places.
Another type of reaction-trenches-occurs between two plates that are moving toward each other.As the plates meet,one bends downward and plunges undemeath the other.This forms deep ocean trenches.The Marianas Trench off Guam in the western Pacific Ocean has a depth of more than 36,000 feet.This is the lowest point on the ocean floor.If the leading edges of the two colliding plates carry continents,then the layers of rock in the overriding plate crumple(变皱)and fold.A plate that carried what is now lndia collided with the southern edge of the plate that carried Europe and most of Asia.This caused the Himalayas,the world’s highest mountains.
The third reaction is transform faults(转换断层).These faults occur where two plates that are traveling in opposite directions slide past each other.Severe earthquakes can occur.The San Andreas Fault in Califomia is a good example of this type of movement.
36.The word“stable”(paragraph 1)means
A.“a place for horses”.
B.“calm and easygoing”.
C.“steady or firm”.
D.“a collection of animals”.
37.To explain the effect of trenches,the writer gives the example of
A.the sea floor in the Atlantic Ocean.
B.the Himalayan Mountains.
C.Europe.
D.lndia.
38.The San Andreas Fault is an example of
A.a severe earthquake.
B.a California rock formation.
C.two plates moving apart.
D.two plates aliding past each other.
39.According to the passage,the earth is
A.always changing.
B.becoming smaller.
C.moving faster.
D.getting hotter.
40.This passage is mostly about
A.effects of movements of the earth’s plates.
B.different types of continents.
C.the Marianas Trench.
D.transform faults.
职称英语历年真题《理工B》补全短文 5
More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing.
1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.
2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up1 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers.2
3 These findings, which Dr Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine3, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside4 more than 8 hours a night He added that “it might be a good idea” for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.
4 Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep — for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.
5 For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to- day functioning5.
6 Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 88 hours In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed “It stands to reason6 that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they’ll spend a higher percentage of time awake,” he said.
词汇：
refresh v.(使)精力恢复 questionnaire n.问卷
psychosomatic adj.(指疾病)由精神压力引起的
fatigue n.疲劳 caution v.警告
insomnia n.失眠 habitually adv.习惯地
注释：
1.clock up：时间达到
2.they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers：falling和feeling都是说明trouble的。全句可译为：与8小时睡眠者相比，他们在入睡和经过一夜睡眠恢复精力方面有更多的麻烦。
3.Psychosomatic Medicine：《心身医学》(医学杂志名)
4.set aside：留出
5.having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning：感到疲乏影响日常工作。
6.stand to reason：是当然的，是合情合理的
练习：
1.Paragraph 2 ________
2.Paragraph 4 ________
3.Paragraph 5 ________
4.Paragraph 6 ________
A Kripke’s Research Tool
B Dangers of Habitual Shortages of Sleep
C Criticism on Kripke’s Report
D A Way of Overcoming Insomnia
E Sleep Problem of Long and Short Sleepers
F Classification of Sleep Problems
5.To get a good night’s rest, people may not need to ________.
6.Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to ________.
7.One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to ________.
8.One survey showed that people who habitually ________ each night have a higher risk of dying.
A fall asleep again
B become more energetic the following day
C sleep less than 7 hours
D confirm those serious consequences
E suffer sleep problems
F sleep more than 8 hours
答案与题解：
1.E 第二段列举了睡眠时间多于或少于8小时而带来的多种sleep problems。
2.B 第四段阐述了长期睡眠不足所带来的严重后果。
3.A 第五段介绍了Kripke的调查工具(tool)。他用的'是有关睡眠的问卷。问卷包括两大内容：睡眠时间及睡眠困扰问题。
4.D 第六段最后两句是：“...one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed.”和“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they’ll spend a higher percentage of time awake.”这是选择D的依据。
5.F 选择F的依据是第三段第一句。原文是：“...people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night.”
6.E 选择E的依据是第六段第一句。原文是：“...people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours.”
7.A 本题答案的依据是第五段第二句：“Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep ...”
8.C 本题答案的依据是第四段：“...one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.”
译文：每晚只需8小时，睡眠过多非益事
睡眠不足带来的危害已经广为人知，而一项新的研究表明睡眠过多同样会使人们产生不良后果。
圣地亚哥加利福尼亚大学的研究人员发现在入睡、保持睡眠等方面，每晚睡眠9或10小时的人比睡8小时的人存在更多问题。而每晚仅睡7小时的人则表示，他们在入睡及休息后精力恢复程度上不及8小时睡眠者。
Daniel Kripke博士在《心身医学》杂志上报告的这些新发现表明，人们如果想晚上休息好，每天留给睡眠的时间只需8小时。他补充说，对于那些每晚睡8小时以上的人们来说，考虑减少在床上度过的时间“也许是个好主意”。不过他又提醒说这还需要进一步的研究证实。
以往的研究证明了长期睡眠缺乏的潜在危机。有报告显示，睡眠经常少于7小时的人比睡眠充足者，在特定时期内死亡的机率更高。
而在目前这份报告中，Kripke考评了一份1004名成年人参与反馈的睡眠调查问卷。问卷内容涉及每周睡眠时间和各种可能的睡眠问题，包括半夜惊觉，清晨早醒，无法重新入睡，以及白天疲劳，影响日常工作等。
Kripke发现每晚9至10小时睡眠者比睡8小时的人更容易出现各类睡眠问题。在次访谈中，Kripke注意到睡眠时间长的人夜间可能难以入眠，正是因为他们睡得太多了。因此他补充说，治疗失眠最好的一种方法就是少睡点儿。“在床上花得时间过长，醒着的时间就会更多，这是理所当然的。”
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