职称英语真题《卫生A》阅读判断精选
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In Your Face
Why is this man so angry? We don't know the reason, but we can see the emotion in his face.
Whatever culture you come from, you can understand the feeling that he is expressing.
Forty years ago, psychologist ' Paul Ekman of the University of California, San Francisco,became interested in how people's faces show their feelings. He took photographs of Americans expressing various emotions. Then he showed them to the Fore people, who live in the jungle in
New Guinea. Most of the Fore had never seen foreign faces, but they easily understood Americans' expressions of anger, happiness, sadness, disgust, fear, and surprise.
Then Ekman did the same experiment in reverse. He showed pictures of Fore faces to Americans, and the results were similar. Americans had no problems reading the emotions on the Fore people's faces. Ekman's research gave powerful support to the theory that facial expressions for basic emotions are the same everywhere. He did more research in Japan, Brazil, and Argentina,and got the same results.
According to Ekrnan, these six emotions are universal because they are built into our brains.
They developed to help us deal with things quickly that might hurt us. Some emotional triggers are universal as well. When something suddenly comes into sight, people feel fear, because it might be dangerous. But most emotional triggers are learned. For example, two people might smell newly cut grass. One person spent wonderful summers in the country as a child, so the smell makes him happy. The other person remembers working very hard on a farm and being hungry, so he feels sad.
Once we make an emotional association in our brain, it is difficult, and sometimes impossible,to change it. "Emotion is the least changeable part of the brain." says Ekman. But we can learn to manage our emotions better. For instance, we can be more aware of things that make us angry, and we can think before we react.
There are many differences between cultures, in their languages and customs. But a smile is exactly the same everywhere.
16. Paul Ekman studies people's faces in different cultures.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. Ekman did research in several countries and got different results.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. Americans get angry more often than the Fore people from New Guinea.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. Ekman thinks that some basic emotions are the same everywhere.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. Two people might feel different emotions about the same thing.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. Fear is the most difficult emotion to change.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. People of different cultures smile when they understand each other.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
答案与解析
16.A。题干：Paul Ekman研究不同文化中人们的面部表情。从第二段第一句和第三段的最后一句可知Paul Ekman做的实验就是研究不同文化的表情是否相同，研究涉及美国、日本、巴西以及阿根廷等国家。因此题干内容正确，故选A。
17.B。题干：Ekman在不同的国家做实验，得到的结果也不同。由第三段的最后一句可知实验的结果是相同的，因此题干内容有误，故选B。
18.c。题干：美国人比来自新几内亚Fore部落的人更容易生气。从第三段第四句可知Ekman通过对比发现，美国人和新几内亚的Fore部落的人的面部表情都是一样的，但并没有提及美国人是否更容易生气。因此答案为C。
19.A。题干：Ekman认为在世界各地一些基本的情感都是一样的。从第三段第四句和文中最后一段可知题干内容正确，故选A。
20.A。题干：两个人可能对同一事物有不同的感觉。根据文中第四段倒数两句可知人的经历不同，可能对同一事物的感情就不同，所具有的心情就不一样。因此题干内容正确，故选A。
21.C。题干：恐惧是最难改变的情感。文中并没有提及恐惧难以改变，因此答案为C。
22.C。题干：不同文化的人相互了解时会以微笑表达。根据文中最后一段“There are many differences between cultures，in their languages and customs.But a smile is exactly the same everywhere.”可知全世界的微笑都是一样的，但并没有提及人们相互理解时会微笑，因此答案为C。
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