职称英语历年真题《综合B》阅读理解精选

　　职称英语阅读在考试中占有分数的比例很大，拿下阅读基本上职称英语考试就成功了一半。下面是小编提供给大家关于职称英语历年真题《综合B》阅读理解精选，希望对大家的备考有所帮助。

职称英语历年真题《综合B》阅读理解精选

　　职称英语历年真题《综合B》阅读理解 1

　　Washoe Learned American Sign Language

　　An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language.

　　Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966.

　　In 1969, the Gardners described Washoes progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words. For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like, "Who is coming to play?" Once the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed.

　　However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from

　　watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoes keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive.

　　Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoer provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time.

　　Debate continues about chimps understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sure-- Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.

　　36. The Gardners experiment with Washoe__________.

　　A. began in 1969.

　　B. won a big prize.

　　C. lasted three years.

　　D. influenced primate research.

　　37. The second paragraph mainly discusses__________.

　　A.a report about Washoes progress in learning sign language.

　　B. the whole direction of primate research.

　　C. new primate researches conducted by many language scientists.

　　D. an experiment with Washoe at a research center in Africa.

　　38. The Gardners experiment with Washoe was criticized because it can__________.

　　A. just ask some simple questions.

　　B. only copy teachers sign language.

　　C. only memorize about 250 words.

　　D. just repeat short sentences.

　　39. According to the passage, which of the following is true?

　　A. Roger Fours taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees.

　　B. Washoe was the first chimp to use American Sign Language.

　　C. A chimpanzee died of natural causes in Africa at a research center.

　　D. Nowadays there are still lots of scientists experimenting with chimpanzees.

　　40. We can draw a conclusion from the last paragraph that__________.

　　A. whether chimps can learn a human language remains unanswered.

　　B. primates have the ability to speak a language.

　　C. animals cans learn a human sign.

　　D. Washoe is as intelligent as humans.

　　答案与解析

　　36.D。题干：Gardners对Washoe的实验__________。细节题。利用题干关键词Gardners’experiment with Washoe进行定位，无法定位到第二段的前两句，从中可知实验开始于1966年，在1969年Gardners在其科学报告中描述了Washoe学习手语的紧张情况，由此可知选项A与C与文章信息不一致;分别定位选项8和D的关键词，发现文章没有提及获奖的事情，但是利用选项D的关键词可以定位到第二段的结尾两句，从中可知随着Washoe学习手语的消息的传播，许多语言科学家开始了这个新领域的研究，由此改变了灵长目类动物研究的方向，所以选项D(影响了有关灵长目动物的研究)为正确答案。

　　37.A。题干：第二段主要讨论了__________。主旨题。仔细阅读该段的首尾句，针对Washoe的实验开始于l966年，这个实验改变了灵长目动物研究的方向，谈论都是细节，不是主题，而中间的其它句子谈论的都是Gardners的有关Washoe学习手语的报告的.内容，故A(有关Washoe学习手语的进步的报告)是正确答案。

　　38.B。题干：Gardners对Washoe的实验受到批评是因为__________。细节题。利用题干关键词criticize可以定位到第三段的首句，即批评家认为Washoe只会观察和重复老师的手语动作，由此可以推知B(仅仅复制老师的手语。)是正确答案。

　　39.B。题干：根据短文，下列哪项是正确的?判断题。利用选项A的关键词Roger Fours和three可以定位到第三段的最后一句，可知是Washoe教三只年幼的猩猩学习手语，而不是Roger Fouts，所以选项A与原文信息不一致;利用选项B的关键词Washoe和first可以定位到第一段的倒数第二旬，可知Washoe被认为是第一个学习手语的非人类动物，由此可知选项B与原文信息一致;利用选项C的关键词可以定位到第一段的第二句，可知一只在美国华盛顿州研究中心的猩猩因为自然原因在上个月末死亡，所以选项c与原文信息不一致;利用选项D的关键词进行定位，没有发现相关信息。因而该题答案为B(Washoe是第一只使用美国手语的猩猩)。

　　40.A。题干：从最后一段我们可以得出结论__________。推断题。从最后一段来看，有关猩猩是否理解人类交流的争论仍将继续，但是有一点可以确定的是，Washoe改变了有关动物智力的可能性的一般看法，故该题答案为A(是否猩猩能学会人类语言仍旧没有答案)。

　　职称英语历年真题《综合B》阅读理解 2

　　The Only Way Is Up

　　Think of a modern city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities don’t permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.

　　When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for land. Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground. That means building upwards.

　　The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home.

　　Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the lift or elevator，as he preferred to call it. However，most of the technology is very old. Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention. In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders.

　　A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts.

　　“It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with us and you just can’t choose to move away,” says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon. Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says.Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stand close to the door. Others hide in the corners. Most people try and shrink into the background. But some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stand in a corner taking notes.

　　Don’t worry about them. They fire probably from a university.

　　31. “...these are cities concerned with the past”in the first paragraph refer to cities that

　　A. are worried about their past.

　　B. have a glorious past to be proud of.

　　C. want to maintain their traditional image.

　　D. are very interested in their own history.

　　32. The difficulty in constructing tall buildings in the 19th century lies in

　　A. the shortage of money.

　　B. the lack of a device to carry people upward.

　　C. backward technology.

　　D. mountains taking up land space.

　　33. When Otis came up with the idea of a lift,

　　A. he sold it to the architects and builders immediately.

　　B. the Egyptians used it to build the Pyramids.

　　C. it was accepted favorably by the public.

　　D. most people had doubt about its safety.

　　34. Which of the following best describes the experience of going in a lift now?

　　A. Fascinating.

　　B. Uninteresting.

　　C. Frightening.

　　D. Exciting.

　　35. Psychologists find the lift a good place where they can study human behaviour because

　　A. here humans behave the way animals do.

　　B. people in a lift are all scared.

　　C. here some people take notes.

　　D. in a lift the bubble of personal space breaks.

　　答案：

　　CBDBD

　　职称英语历年真题《综合B》阅读理解 3

　　In the last 500 years, nothing about people---not their clothes, ideas, or languages---has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made form the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.

　　The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the Potato Famine of 1845-6, and thousands more were forced to emigrate to America.

　　There are many other foods that have traveled from south America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the worlds largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400s.

　　According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a goatherd named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the wide-awake feeling that one-third of the worlds population now starts the day with.

　　1. According to the passage, which of the following changed more than others?

　　A. Clothes.

　　B. Ideas.

　　C. Languages.

　　D. Foods.

　　2. Chocolate drink was first invented in while coffee was first invented in _______.

　　A. Spain; Brazil

　　B. South America; the Old World

　　C. Spain; Ethiopia

　　D. London; Rent

　　3. In 1845, thousands of Irish people were forced to live in America mainly because .

　　A. Ireland became dependent on the potato