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职称英语历年真题《理工A》完形填空
完形填空是一项综合性的测试，它不仅考查考生对词汇、语法的掌握程度，更重要的是考查考生对语言的准确理解程度和综合运用能力。为了大家更好的攻克2024年职称英语完形填空，以下是y小编整理的关于职称英语历年真题《理工A》完形填空精选，供大家备考。
职称英语历年真题《理工A》完形填空 1
Underground Coal Fires
Coal burning deep underground in China, India and Indonesia is threatening the environment andhuman life, scientists have warned. These large-scale __________(51) blazes cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surrounding vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can __________(52) ignite forest fires, a panel of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Denver. The resulting__________ (53) of poisonous elements like arsenic and mercury can also pollute local water sources and soils,they warned.
"Coal fires are a global catastrophe," said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia College in Swainsboro, USA. But __________ (54) few people know about them.
Coal can heat up on its own, and eventually catch fire and burn, if there is a continuous oxygen supply. The heat produced is not caused to __________ (55) and under the right combinations of sunlight and oxygen, can trigger spontaneous catching fire and burning. This can occur underground, in coal stockpiles, abandoned mines or even as coal is transported.__________ (56) fires in China consume up to 200 million tones of coal per year, delegates were told. In __________(57), the U.S. economy consumes about one billion tones of coal annually, said Stracher,.__________ (58)analysis of the likely impact of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International Journal of Coal Ecology. __________(59) underway, coal fires can bum for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large__________(60) of greenhouse gases, poisonous fumes and black particles into the atmosphere.
The members of the panel discussed the__________(61) these fires may be having on global and regional climate change, and agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to __________(62).
Ultimately, the remote sensing and other techniques should allow scientists to __________(63)how much carbon dioxide these fires are emitting. One suggested__________ (64) of containing the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi, of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed a heat-resistant grout (a thin mortar used to fill cracks and crevices), which is designed to be pumped into the coal fire to__________(65) the oxygen supply.
51.A. house B. undergroundC. skyD. water
52.A. only
B. even
C. just
D. then
53.A. release
B. paste
C. consumption
D. elimination
54.A. happily
B. traditionally
C. surprisingly
D. fashionably
55.A. exchange
B. regenerate
C. disappear
D. transfer
56.A. Most
B. Such
C. Some
D. Many
57.A. comparison
B. case
C. time
D. turn
58.A. which
B. who
C. whose
D. what
59.A. Yet
B. Unless
C. Although
D. Once
60.A. data
B. volumes
C. figures
D. images
61.A. attack
B. impact
C. identification
D. implication
62.A. develop
B. relieve
C. detect
D. supply
63.A. estimate
B. experiment
C. gather
D. illustrate
64.A. cause
B. method
C. treatment
D. rule
65.A. take up
B. back up
C. run out
D. cut off
答案与解析：
51.B。本题考查线索回现解题法。题干：这些大规模的__________ 火焰造成地面温度上升，杀死四周的植被，产生温室气体，__________ 能引发森林火灾。根据首句的coal burning deep underground可知，火焰(blaze)是在地下。故本题答案为B。
52.B。本题考查副词。题干：这些大规模的地下火焰造成地面温度上升，杀死四周的植被，产生温室气体，__________ 能引发森林火灾。根据并列部分的程度，从造成地面温度上升，到引发森林火灾，四个并列成分之间是递进的关系，因此在火灾之前用“甚至”来表示程度的严重是合理的。故本题答案为B。
53.A。本题考查名词。题干：随之而来的有害气体的__________ ，比如砷和汞，也会污染当地的水资源和土壤。煤燃烧之后有害气体会被释放，从而污染各种环境，因此release是最佳答案。
54.c。本题考查上下文语义。题干：但是令人__________ 的是，几乎没有人知道他们。前一句讲到有专家提示“煤火是全球性的灾难”，而空格后的意思是“几乎没有人意识到这一点”，两者语义形成了强烈的反差，因此此处应该使用surprisingly。
55.C。本题考查语义。题干：产生的热量不会__________ ，在阳光与氧气的结合下，能自动起火并开始燃烧。该句是对上一句的进一步解释，上一句的意思是：煤炭能持续发热，并在有持续氧气供应的情况下最终自燃。因此，该句中“热量不会消失”与上文“持续加热”语义走向是一致的，故本题选disappear。
56.B。本题考查有指示含义的修饰语。题干：前文描述的是煤炭自燃所引起的燃烧，该句顺承上文的意思，用“这样的”火势来承接语义。故本题答案为such。
57.A。本题考查固定搭配。题干：萨切尔说，__________ ，美国经济每年耗费煤的总量为1亿吨。__________ 关于煤炭引发燃烧可能出现的影响的分析已经在《煤炭生态学国际期刊》上得以发布。此处很明显在对比美国和中国对煤炭消耗的情况，因此用in comparison表示对比。
58.C。本题考查从句引导词。题干：萨切尔说，相比之下，美国经济每年耗费煤的总量为1亿吨。__________ 关于煤炭引发的燃烧可能出现的影响的分析已经在《煤炭生态学国际期刊》上得以发布。从句中主干是完整的，analysis需要的是定语，加之先行词为Sthacher，因此可判断从句讲的是“萨切尔的分析”内容，证明此处应该是能指代Sthacher’s的关系代词。只有whose有此功能，故本题答案为C。
59.D。本题考查逻辑关系。题干：__________ 在地下，炭火可以燃烧几十年，甚至几百年。这里需要一个副词来表示炭火燃烧几十年甚至上百年的条件，只有once符合这个要求。 unless等于“if…not”，用在本句中逻辑关系不通顺。
60.B。本题考查固定搭配。题干：在这个过程中，这些炭火释放出大__________ 温室气体，有毒的火焰以及黑色的颗粒物质进入到大气中。large volumes of的意思是“大量的”，属于固定搭配。
61.B。本题考查句意。题干：研究组成员讨论了这些炭火可能对全球及地区气候变化带来的__________ ，并且都认为这些地下火焰的性质使得他们很难被__________ 。煤引起的燃烧对气候变化一定会有很大的影响，这是自第一段开始便在不断被提及的事情，因此此处填入impact最符合句意。
62.C。本题考查句意。题干：研究组成员讨论了这些炭火可能对全球及地区气候变化带来的影响，并且都认为这些地下火焰的性质使得他们很难被__________ 。鉴于炭火是在地下燃烧，因此很难被“发现”是正常的`语义搭配，detect是最佳答案。
63.A。本题考查句意。题干：最终，遥感技术和其他技术可以允许科学家们__________ 这些燃烧排放了多少二氧化碳。前文讲到由于地下燃烧的特性让探测燃烧变得困难，因此科学家们利用的技术也只能是预估大体的情况，因此用estimate是正确的。
64.B。本题考查句意。题干：来自Goodson公司的Gary Lolaizzi提供了一种阻碍这些燃烧的__________ ，这家公司开发了一种抗热材料，这种材料被设计用来灌注到煤火中以__________ 氧气供应。专家提供的是解决问题的办法，只有method符合句子的含义。
65.D。本题考查句意和词组搭配。题干：来自Goodson公司的Gary Lolaizzi提供了一种阻碍这些燃烧的办法，这家公司开发了一种抗热材料，这种材料被设计用来灌注到煤火中以__________ 氧气供应。前文讲到地下煤火燃烧的条件之一是有持续不断的氧气供应。该句的前半部分提及专家提供了如何灭火的方法，第二个which引导的定语从句则也是在解释将火扑灭的办法，即切断氧气的供应。因此cut off是符合语义要求的。
职称英语历年真题《理工A》完形填空 2
China to Help Europe Develop GPS (全球定位系统) Rival
China is to contribute to a new global satellite navigation system being developed by European nations. The Galileo satellite system __________(1) a more accurate civilian alternative to the Global Positioning System (GPS), operated by the US military. China will provide 230m Euros (USD 259m) in__________(2) and will cooperate with technical,manufacturing and market development. "China will help Galileo to __________(3) the major world infrastructure (基础设施) for the growing market for location services," said Loyola de Palacio, EU transport commissioner.
A new center that will coordinate co-operation was also announced__________(4) the European Commission, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology not long __________(5). The China-Europe Global Navigation Satellite System Technical Training and Cooperation Center will be__________ (6) at Beijing University. China has a substantial satellite launch industry and could potentially help launch the Galileo satellites.
The US has claimed that Galileo could interfere __________(7) the US ability to downgrade(降级) the GPS service during military conflicts. European officials say this is unfounded and counter that US opposition__________(8) the commercial challenge Galileo would present to GPS. Galileo will be precise to within a meter, while the civilian GPS service is accurate to around 10 meters.
The Galileo satellite constellation (卫星群集) will__________ (9) 27 operational and three reserve satellites orbiting the Earth at an altitude of 23,600 kin. The satellites will be strung along three medium-Earth orbits at 56 degrees inclination to the equator and will provide global coverage.
The system should be operational by 2008 and the entire project is expected to__________(10) around 3.2 billion Euros (USD 3.6 billion).
The European Commission has said Galileo will primarily be used for transportation technology, scientific research, land management and disaster monitoring. Galileo will provide two signals; a standard civilian one and an encrypted (编码) , wide-band signal__________(11)the Public Regulated Service (PRS). This second signal is designed to withstand localized jamming( 干扰 ) and will be used by police and military services in Europe. European Commission__________ (12) have said China will not be given access to the PRS.
The first Galileo satellite is scheduled to launch late in 2004. Clocks on board__________ (13) will be synchronized (使同步) through 20 ground sensors stations, two command centers and 15 uplink( 向上传输) stations, Receiverson
the ground will use time signals from the satellites to precisely calculate their__________ (14). A "search and rescue" function will also__________(15) distress signals be relayed through the constellation of satellites.
1.A. offer
B. offered
C. will offer
D. has offered
2.A. funding
B. providing
C. paying
D. charging
3.A. build
B. use
C. Become
D. do
4.A. in
B. at
C. on
D. by
5.A. before
B. ago
C. after
D. later
6.A. found
B. produced
C. positioned
D. located
7.A. with
B. for
C. aboutD. above
8.A. results in
B. gives rise to
C. is due to
D. causes
9.A. be made from
B. consist of
C. consist in
D. be consisted of
10. A. spend
B. gain
C. give
D. cost
11. A. offered
B. called
C. used
D. turned
12. A. officials
B. countries
C. organization
D. agreement
13. A. /
B. the satellite
C. the satellites
D. satellites
14. A. speed
B. direction
C. distance
D. location
15. A. send
B. let
C. allow
D. transmit
答案解析：
1.C。从上下文语境来看，中国将帮助欧洲建立一个全球卫星导航系统，而且整段多使用将来时。
2.A。从上下文语境来看，中国将在__________ 方面提供2.3亿欧元(2.59亿美元)。四个选项分别代入，只有funding(基金，资金)符合语境，其他三个选项：providing(提供)，paying(付账)和charging(收费)在意思上均不符合。
3.A。从搭配来看，只有build the infrastructure(建设基础设施)是对的。
4.D。这里考查的是被动语态。was also announced是被动语态，其后是动作的执行者the European Commission，the European Space Agency(ESA)$W the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology，故应选择bv。
5.B。这里考查固定短语(not)long ago(不久之前)，long before(不久)。从上下文语境来看，not long ago符合语境，本句意为：不久之前，欧洲贸易委员会、欧洲航天局和中国科技部宣布成立一个新的中心来协调合作事宜。
6.D。这里考查的是习惯搭配，be located at/in(位于……)，从上下文语境来看，该中心将设在北京大学内。
7.A。这里考查的是习惯搭配，interfere with(妨碍，干扰)是固定搭配。
8.C。从上下文语境来看，美国对伽利略(人造卫星)持反对态度，是由于伽利略卫星系统对全球定位系统在商业上提出挑战。选项A、B和D的意思都是“导致”，所以不符合句意。bedueto的意思是“由于”或“由……造成”，符合文意。
9.B。从上下文语境来看，伽利略卫星系统由27个运作卫星和3个储备卫星构成。B项consist of是“由……构成”的意思。选项A的be made from是“由……材料制造”的.意思。选项C的consist in是“在于，存在于”的意思。consist of不能使用被动形式。
10.D。从上下文语境来看，整个工程预计花费(cost)约32亿欧元。8和C与句意不符。选项A中的spend为及物动词。cost作为动词的用法为sth.cost(sb.)sth.，没有被动态形式。
1 1.B。wide-band signal called the Public Regulated Service(PRS)中的called在此是过去分一词做后置定语，修饰wide-band signal。
12.A。句子的谓语动词have said决定了主语应该是人而不是物。此外，B项是单数名词，不能用在这里。
13.B。clocks on board the satellite：在这架卫星上的钟表。这里的satellite特指前一句中的the first Galileo satellite，所以使用了定冠词the。选项A、C和D的内容文中都没有出现过，所以是错的。
14.D。通篇文章谈的都是定位系统，所以地面接收借助定位系统来定位，应选location。其他三个选项(speed，direction，distance)都不符合上下文所表达的意思。
15.B。从语法结构来看，只有let sb.do sth.是正确的。
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