职称英语历年真题《理工A》概括大意精选
职称英语考试一共有6个题型，包括阅读理解、完形填空、词汇选项、概括大意完成句子、补全短文和阅读判断。要求在2个小时全部完成，题量大时间少，这就需要考生合理分配复习重点，应试时合理分配做题时间。以下是yjbys网小编整理的关于职称英语历年真题《理工A》概括大意精选，供大家备考。
Climate Change: The Long Reach
(1) Earth is warming. Sea levels are rising. Theres more carbon in the air, and Arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the environment to better gauge (评估) Earths future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time.
(2) People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. That burning releases carbon dioxide, a colorless gas. In the air, this gas traps heat at Earths surface. And the more carbon dioxide released, the more the planet warms. If current consumption of fossil fuels doesnt slow, the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years--and be more severe than scientists had been expecting. Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper.
(3) Most climate-change studies look at whats going to happen in the next century or so. During that time, changes in the planets environment could nudge ( 推动) global warming even higher. For example: Snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these melt,sunlight can now reach--and warm--the exposed ground. This extra heat raises the air temperature even more, causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is called a "fast feedback".
(4) Zeebe says its important to look at fast feedbacks. However, he adds, theyre limited. From a climate change perspective. "This century is the most important time for the next few generations," he told Science News. "But the world is not ending in 2100." For his new study,Zeebe now focuses on "slow feedbacks". While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries, slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melting of continental ice sheets and the migration of plant life--as they relocate to more comfortable areas--are two examples of slow feedbacks.
(5) Zeebe gathered information from previously published studies investigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate.Then he came up with a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes. Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree Celsius (8.1 degree Fahrenheit) change by the year 3000. But slow feedbacks added another 1.5 ℃--for a 6 total increase, Zeebe reports. He also found that stow feedback events will cause global warming to persist for thousands of years after people run out of fossil fuels to burn.
23～26概括大意
23. Paragraph 2__________
24. Paragraph 3 __________
25. Paragraph 4 __________
26. Paragraph 5 __________
A. Rising of sea levels
B. Impact of burning fossil fuels
C. Fast feedbacks
D. Slow feedbacks
E. Unpredictability of feedback processes
F. A prediction of future climate change
27～30完成句子
27. Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in __________.
28. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach __________.
29. Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing __________.
30. After fossil fuels are used up, global warming will continue for__________.
A. the exposed ground
B. a very long time
C. the extra heat
D. recorded history
E. previously published studies
F. rapid exaggeration of impacts
答案与解析：
23.A。题干：第二段的主要内容是__________。本段属于递进结构。首句讲到“人们经常燃烧化石燃料来获取热量和能量”，从第二句开始阐述燃烧化石燃料会释放二氧化碳，从而对气候产生影响。因此本段的主题是B(燃烧化石燃料的影响)。
24.C。题干：第三段的主要内容是__________。该段的主题句为最后一句：这个过程叫作fast feedback。
25.D。题干：第四段的主要内容是__________。该段为转折结构。第一句为引子“看快速反馈是十分重要的”，第二旬前的however使得话锋一转，认为快速反应是有局限的，从而可推理得知该段的主题为slow feedback，这与该段中间的总结是一致的。故本题选D。
26.F。题干：第五段的主要内容是__________。该段主题句为第二句：(在基于以前收集的信息基础上)他得出了解释未来快速反应与慢速反应进程的结论以及由此结论得到气候上升度数不同的结论。因此本题选F最合适。
27.D。题干：北极的冰在从未融化得如此之快。根据Arctic ice回到原文定位到第一段第二句“Arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history.”可知，该空应该填入D。
28.A。题干：冰雪的融化使得阳光能达到__________。根据melting snow and ice回到原文定位到第三段，由“Butasthesemelt，sunlightcannow reach—andwam—theexposedground”可知该空应该填入the exposed ground。这里的these指代的就是melting snow and ice。
29.E。题干：Zeebe通过分析__________预测了未来气候变化。通过Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction回到原文定位到最后一段，首句中有答案：收集以前的研究数据。
30.B。题干：化石燃烧尽了之后，全球变暖还会__________。用After fossil fuels are used up定位到末段的最后一句“causeglobalwarmingtopersistforthousands ofyears afterpeople run out offossil fuels to bum”，可知该空答案为B。其中use up与run out对应，thousands of years对应选项中的a very long time。
Dung to death
Fields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, helping to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant “superbugs”.
The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of the drugs in farm slurry. ___1____.
Some 20,000 tons of antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each year. More than half are given to farm-animals to prevent disease and promote growth. ___2___.
Most researchers assumed that humans become infected with the resistant strains by eating contaminated meat. But far more of the drugs end up in manure than in meat products, says Stephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology in Dubendorf.____3____
With millions of tons of animals manure spread onto fields of crops such as wheat and barley each year, this pathway seems an equally likely route for spreading resistance, he said. The drugs contaminate the crops, which are then eaten. ___4____
Mueller is particularly concerned about a group of antibiotics called sulphonamides. ____5___His analysis found that Swiss farm manure contains a high percentage of sulphonamides; each hectare of field could be contaminated with up to 1 kilogram of the drugs. This concentration is high enough to trigger the development of resistance among bacteria. But vets are not treating the issue seriously.
There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs, including antibiotics, are polluting the environment. Many drugs given to humans are also excreted unchanged and are not broken down by conventional sewage treatment.
question：
A. They do not easily degrade or dissolve in water.
B. And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says.
C. Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attention has been paid.
D. But recent research has found a direct link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect people.
E. His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have banned antibiotics as growth promoters in animals feed.
F. They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.
标准答案： E,D,B,F,A
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