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职称英语真题《卫生B》阅读理解精选题
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New US Plan for Disease Prevention
Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer and diabetes (糖尿病) .
The initiative highlights the costs of chronic diseases -- the leading causes of death in the United States- and outlines ways that people can prevent them, including better diet and increased exercise.
"In the United States today, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness, disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases," the Health and Human Services department said in a statement.
The causes are often behavioral -- smoking, poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.
"I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future," Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiative.
"Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the rising costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices."
Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $ 351 billion in 2003.
"These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable, yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for US to lead healthier, longer lives," he said.
The $15 million is designed to go to communities to promote prevention, pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more.
Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes, and prevent cancer and strokes.
The money will also go to community organizations, clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.
The American Cancer .Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening,including Pap tests ( 巴氏试验) for cervical ( 子宫颈的 ) cancer mammograms ( 乳癌X线照片)for breast cancer, colonoscopies (结肠镜检查) , and prostate (前列腺的) checks.
If such cancers were all caught by early screening, the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.
31. Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US?
A. They account for 70% of all deaths.
B. They are responsible for most of the health care costs.
C. They often result in unhealthy lifestyles.
D. They are largely preventable.
32. The author mentions all the following ways of disease prevention EXCEPT __________.
A. better diet
B. increased exercise
C. less smoking
D. more frequent hand washing
33. The passage indicates that spending more money on disease prevention will mean __________.
A. greater responsibility of the government
B. less need for input into treatment
C. higher costs of health care
D. more lifestyle choices for people
34. The purpose of the $15 million program is to __________.
A. promote disease prevention
B. build more highways
C. help poor communities
D. wipe out chronic diseases
35. Early cancer screening can help reduce significantly __________.
A. the death rates for all chronic diseases
B. the kinds of cancer attacking people
C. the incidence rate for cancer
D. the death rate for cancer
答案与解析
31.C。细节题。题干：下列关于美国慢性疾病的描述哪一个不正确?从文章的第三、六段分别可以看出，在美国，70%的死亡是由慢性病造成的，绝大多数医疗费用也花在慢性病的治疗上，而不健康的生活方式会引发慢性病，而不是慢性病引发不健康的生活方式。慢性病很大程度上是可以预防的，所以答案为C(它们常常导致不健康的生活方式)。
32.D。细节题。题干：作者提及了下面的疾病预防方式，除了 __________。由第二段“…including better diet and increased exercise.”及第四段“…smoking，poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.”可排除A、B、C三个选项，正确答案为D(更频繁地洗手)。
33.B。推理题。题干;本文暗示，在疾病预防上花费更多的资金意味着 __________。从文章的第三、六、七段可以看出，慢性病的治疗花费极高。适当投资于疾病的预防可以大大减少这种花费，所以答案为B(对治疗的投入需求更少)。
34.A。细节题。题干：l500万资金计划的目的是 __________。由第一段“…a$15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases…”可知，该项目主要用来加强疾病预防，故选A(改善疾病预防的状况)。
35.D。细节题。题干：早期的癌症筛查能大大地帮助减少 __________。由最后一段“Ifsuch cancers were all caught by early screenin9…the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.”可知，早期癌症筛查有助于提高癌症患者的存活率，也就是降低其死亡率，故选D(癌症的死亡率)。
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