2015年职称英语卫生类A级考试真题及答案
2017年职称英语考试复习已经开始，为了让大家了解职称英语考试难易程度，yjbys网小编为大家提供了职称英语历年真题，以下是yjbys网小编整理的关于2015年职称英语卫生类A级考试真题及答案，供大家参考。
第1部分：词汇选项(第1——15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 It was unfortunate that she had erased the message.
A heard of B rubbed out C looked at D spoken out
2 He came back home, weary and fatigued.
A exhausted B scared C worried D frightened
3 The woman living next door is extremely slender.
A slim B tall C weak D pale
4 Your accusation is wholly without foundation.
A almost B probably C evidently D completely
5 He was obsessed with American horror movies.
A kept thinking about B took advantage of
C paid no attention to D cared nothing about
6 I have to apologize for my abrupt departure yesterday.
A late B sudden C unfriendly D untold
7 I think she made a blunder by announcing it ahead of time.
A decision B mistake C promise D plan
8 Some astronomers contend that the universe may be younger than previously believed
A predict B think C suggest D argue
9 My room is really very cosy.
A cool B cold C clean D comfortable
10 She is a lovely and gracious woman.
A curious B courteous C quiet D shy
11 He never grumbled about working overtime.
A complained B talked C wrote D spoke
12 She hugged me like an old friend and invited me to dinner the next day.
A held B embraced C kissed D patted
13 Different hypotheses have been put forward to explain why UFOs exist.
A sentences B comments C theories D conclusions
14 I must apologize for my outrageous behavior.
A courageous B angry C greedy D glorious
15 To start with, we need to decide who will preside over the meeting.
A attend B celebrate C chair D prepare
第2部分：阅读判断(第16—— 22题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
One-Third of Parents Lack Facts about Child Development
One-third of parents of babies have a surprisingly low knowledge of child development,
including basic concepts about what their children should know or how they should act, a new study finds.
For instance, the study found that many the difference between right and wrong, and with other children.
parents don't know that l-year-olds can't tell often don't cooperate or share when playing
The results are surprising because the parents who took part in the survey had young children, said lead author Dr. Heather Paradis, a pediatric fellow at the University of Rochester Medical Center in New York. "They were watching or had just watched their kids go through this development, and they were probably the most knowledgeable of anybody. "
Paradis and her colleagues examined the results of a survey of parents-98. 6 percent of whom were mothers-of more than 10,000 9-month-old babies. As part of the survey ,the parents were asked 11 questions designed to test their knowledge of a baby's development.
The researchers also examined what the parents said about their interactions with their children, and watched videotapes of how the parents taught new things to their kids.
One-third of those surveyed incorrectly answered four or more of the questions. Even when the researchers adjusted the statistics to account for such factors as education levels and income, those parents were still less likely to enjoy " healthy interactions" with their children.
A lack of proper understanding of a child's development can cause various problems, Paradis said. For example, she said, a mother might expect an 18-month-old child to sit still for a doctor's appointment, even though children that age are normally curious and like to wander around.
"A mom could misinterpret a child's normal curiosity as intentionally being defiant (反抗的) , and could respond with harsh discipline, withdrawal of affection and repetition of that pattern over time," Paradis said. "That could hinder the child's potential for full growth and development."
One solution, Paradis said, is for pediatricians to take a more active role in educating new parents. "By improving knowledge of child development among all parents, not just those who are at highest risk, there's an opportunity to enhance parent-child interaction,"she said. "It can ultimately lead to better parenting. "
16 A majority of parents of babies know little about child development.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 Babies of one year old have no sense of right or wrong.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18 The parents surveyed were asked 11 questions on child development.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 Most American families are nuclear rather than extended ones.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 Most mothers with young children prefer to stay at home.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 Children of one and a half years old like to sit still.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 Parent-child interaction can in no way be improved.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
参考答案：B A A C C B B
第三部分：阅读理解
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university ,reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
The results were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science( PNAS). The study involved l. 2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyzed the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngesters took right after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for logical thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test, and not strength. "Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen, " says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. "This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular strength. We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important. "
By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been able to determine that it is primarily environmental factors 'and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a higher IQ.
"We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance," says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health center. "This being the case, physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in math and other theoretical subjects. "
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life. Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.
31 The researchers in this study come from
A Aby health centre.
B the Swedish army.
C the National Academy of Science.
32 Which of the following is an indication of physical fitness?
A Brain size.
B Good lung capacity.
C Clear logical thinking.
D Muscular strength.
33 By enhancing physical fitness, one could improve the following EXCEPT
A emotional behavior.
B cognitive performance.
C heart capacity.
D verbal comprehension.
34 The study findings include the following EXCEPT that
A growth factors are significant for a person's IQ.
B young adults who are fit get higher scores in IQ tests.
C young people who are muscular and strong have a higher IQ.
D youngsters who are fit will more likely get college education.
35 The word "secured" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to
A insured. B assured. C obtained. D studied
第二篇
Social Anxiety Disorder
Social anxiety disorder prevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives, a new survey finds.
The disorder leaves many isolated, ashamed (害羞的) and often misdiagnosed. Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10 years or more before
seeking help, the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports.
" Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense, persistent and irrational fear of social or performance situations," Jerilyn Ross, the Association's president and CEO,said during a teleconference Wednesday.
"The condition causes people to avoid common, everyday situations and even other people for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing themselves ,"Ross said.
Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and job performance, Ross noted. "It also makes it very difficult for people to develop friendships and romantic partnerships," she said.
People with this disorder recognize their fear is excessive and irrational, Ross noted.
"But they feel powerless to do anything about it," she said.
Social anxiety disorder can start in the early teens, Dr. Mark H. Pollack, director of the Center for Anxiety and Traumatic (心灵创伤的) Stress Disorders and a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, said during the teleconference.
"This is a disorder that starts affecting people early on," Pollack said. "The typical age of onset (开始) is early adolescence, age 12 0r 13, and many individuals report a history of anxiety dating back to earlier childhood. "
The disorder also has physical symptoms, including heart palpitations (心陲) , feelings that their throat will close up, sweating, blushing, faintness, trembling and stammering,Ross said.
Among people with the disorder, 75 percent said the condition affected their ability to do normal activities. In addition, 69 percent said they didn't want people to think they were crazy, and 58 percent said they were embarrassed by their condition, Ross said.
However, when the condition was diagnosed and treated, many reported improvement in their lives. In fact, 59 percent who were receiving treatment said that treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romantic relationship. In addition, 39 percent who had received treatment said knowing that treatment could be successful aided their decision to get help, Ross noted.
36 Which of the following is NOT true of the people with social anxiety disorder?
A They find it difficult to make friends.
B They are often isolated and ashamed.
C They frequently fail to get timely treatment
D They tend to criticize other people.
37 People with the disorder think that their fear is
A justified. B beneficial. C controllable D beyond control
38.Usually the disorder starts to affect people when
A they fall in love.
B they begin to work.
C they get married.
D they are in their early teens.
39.All the following are likely symptoms of the disorder EXCEPT
A heart palpitations. B sweating.
C sore throat. D blushing.
40.The last paragraph indicates that treatment of the disorder
A had no positive effect on those affected.
B was unavailable to those affected.
C was often rejected by those affected.
D could improve the life of those affected.
第三篇
Ear Breakthrough
New research published in the journal Current Biology has added significantly to our understanding of how the ear works, giving hope to millions of deaf and hard of hearing people.
The latest research, conducted by Dr.Jorg T.Albert, a Deafness Research UK research fellow at the UCL Ear Institute, together with scientists at the University of Cologne, shows that fruit flies have ears which mechanically amplify sound signals in a remarkably similar way to the sensory (感觉的 ) cells found in the inner ear of vertebrates (脊椎动物) including humans. The finding means that the wealth of genetic techniques already available to study the fruit fly can now be used to target how the ear works.
Dr. Albert says, "The biophysical parallels between the ways both fruit flies and humans convert sound into nerve signals are truly amazing. We may be allowed to hope that these mechanistic (机械学的) similarities extend further down to the genes and molecules that
bring about hearing. But even if it finally should turn out that hearing in fruit flies relies on afferent molecules than does hearing in humans, the little fruit fly can help us find answers to some key questions of hearing research and-what is sometimes even more important- The work is welcomed by Deafness Research UK, the country's only medical research charity for deaf people. Vivienne Michael, chief executive of Deafness Research UK, says, ";This is an important advance that paves the way toward a clear understanding of the genetics of deafness. The charity will continue to support cutting-edge (尖端的) research through its Fellowship programme at the UCL Ear Institute and at other top-,research centers in the UK to achieve our goal of securing radical
improvements in the prevention, diagnosis and treatments of all forms of hearing impairment. "
There are nine million deaf and hard of hearing people in the UK and in most cases deafness results from loss of sensory cells in the inner ear known as "hair" cells. The cells can be damaged and lost through ageing, noise, genetic defects and certain drugs and, because the cells don't regenerate, the result is progressive-and irreversible-hearing loss. Damage- to these cells can als0 1ead to tinnitus (耳鸣) , which affects around five million people in the UK.
41 A person who is har4 0f.,it hearing is
A totally deaf from birth
B not able to hear pjl70p——ai;rily.
C unwilling to listen to others.
D ignorant of how the ear works.
42 Quite a number of genetic techniques have been used
A to target how the ear works.
B to stimulate sensory cells.
C to amplify sound sign.
D to study the fruit fly.
43 Fruit flies and humans share similarities in how they
A convert sound into nerve signals.
B ask and answer questions.
C pass on their genes.
D reproduce.
44 Vivienne Michael frorn.Deafness'f:t9fsearch UK highly appreciates
A the genetics of deafness.
B the charity's Fellowship programme.
C the latest research conducted by Dr.Aibert.
D improvements in treating hearing impairment.
45 Hearing loss caused by damage to the sensory cells
A can affect five million people in the UK.
B can be progressively repaired. .
C cannot lead to tinnitus.
D cannot be cured.
参考答案：DBACC DDDCD BDACD
第四部分：概括大意与完成句子
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
The Ebola Outbreak
1 You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are battling an Ebola outbreak.Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection.Scientists believe that humans contracted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals.It is now believed that bats are the primary carries of the virus.
2 To date,there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak:Sierra Leone,Liberia and Guinea.However,other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders.
3 Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries you risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero.Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS,the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person.Specifically,Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids.Though,the virus is transmittable,only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable.
4 The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus.Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection.Symptoms include disgust,weakness and stomach pain.More uncommon symptoms include chest pain,bleeding and sore throat.
5 Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body.This causes an overstimulation of the body’s inflammatory response,causing the flu-like symptoms.The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body's normal clotting mechanism (凝血机制),making bleeding even more severe.Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion (器官灌注)ultimately lead to organ failure and death.
6 The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years.While diseases such as the malaria (疟疾) are far more communicable,Ebola is one of the world’s most fatal viral infections.Ebola's fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.
23 Paragraph2
24 Paragraph3
25 Paragraph4
26 Paragraph 5
A Am I at risk of contracting the virus?
B How do I know if I have contracted the virus?
C What caused the Ebola outbreak?
D What exactly does Ebola do to the body?
E Is the current outbreak the deadliest?
F What areas are currently affected?
27 The initial Ebola outbreak was found in _
28 The difference between SARS and Ebola viruses lies in _
29 The symptoms of the patients after being infected may first appear
30 The Ebola virus transmits by contact with
A infected body fluids
B the mode of transmission
C within a wide range of days
D three countries in West Africa
E against the outbreak severity
F the initial days of being infected
答案：D A C E E C F A
第5部分：补全短文(第46-50题，每题2分，共计10分)
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Hypertension Drugs Found to Cut Risk of Stroke
Australian doctors declared Monday that a cocktail of simple antihypertensive drugs can lower the risk of patients suffering a repeat stroke by more than a third. This is the result of
their research. _ (46)
Strokes kill 5 million people a year and more than 15 million suffer non-fatal strokes that often leave them with useless limbs)s, broken speech and other serious disabilities. ____(47)
An international six-year study of 6,100 patients directed from Sydney University found that by taking two blood pressure-lowering drugs, the risk of secondary strokes can be reduced up t0 40 percent. Even taking one of the commonly available drugs can cut the risk by a third, the study said (48) They even found that the risk of another stroke could be cut by three quarters among the one-in-ten patients Who had suffered a cerebral hemorrhage (脑出血) the worst type of stroke, where here is direct bleeding into the _ (49) "If most of the patients were able to get access to this treatment ,it would result in maybe the avoidance of half a million strokes a year," the professor told Australia's ABC Radio.
(50) "What we have shown for the first time is what your blood pressure is; if you-have had a stroke, then reduce large benefits, lo begin with-even for l:ieople whose below average," he said.
that it does not really matter lowering blood pressure will
blood pressure is average or McMahon said the Milan gathering had heralded(预示) the research as a "major breakthrough in the care of patients with strokes-perhaps the biggest step forward that we have made in the last couple of decades.
A Stephen McMahon, who presented the research at the Milan congress of the European Society of Hypertension, said about 50miilion people were alive who had suffered at least one stroke.
B The research has been valued highly as a major breakthrough in stroke prevention.
C Strokes may be reduced when the stroke patients are treated with cocktail therapy.
D The drugs in combination were effective even in patients who did not have high blood pressure, the researchers said.
E McMahon said doctors had long known that lowering the Wood pressure of those with hypertension could help prevent strokes:
F One in five stroke survivor goes on to have a second, often fatal,stroke within five years of the first.
参考答案：BFDAE
第6部分：完形填空(第51——65题，每题1分，共l5分)
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定一个最佳选项。
Stage Fright
Fallow as you come onstage. That's an odd trick. Not recommended. But it saved the pianist Vladimir F6rltsman when he was a teenager back in Moscow. The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovictf tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic Mr. Feltsman said, " All my fright was - ( 51 ). I already fell what else could
happen?"
Today, music schools are addressing the problem of anxiety in classes that _ (52) with performance techniques and career preparation. There are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn to _ (53) stage fright and its symptoms: icy fingers, shaky
limbs, racing heart, blank mind.
Teachers and psychologists offer wide-range advice, from basics like learning pieces inside out, _ (54) metal discipline, such as visualizing a performance and taking steps to relax. Don't _ (55) that you're jittery, they urge; some excitement is natural, even necessary for dynamic playing. And play in public often, simply for the experience.
Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests some ( 56 ) for the moments before performance, "Take two deep abdominal breaths, open up your shoulders, then smile, she says. "And not one of these 'please don't kill me' smiles. Then( 57) three friendly faces in the audience, people would communicate with and make music to, and make eye contact with them." She doesn't want performers to think of the audience (58)a judge Extreme demands by mentors or parents are often says Dorothy Delay, a well-known violin teacher. She what their students are able to achieve. at the _ (59) of stage fright, tells other teachers to demand only When Lynn Harrell was 20, he became he principal cellist of the Cleverland and he suffered extreme stage fright. "There were times when I got so Orchestra, (60) I was sure the audience could see my chest responding to the throbbing. It was just total panic.came to a _ ( 61 ) where I thought 'If I have to go through this to play music, I think I'm going to look for another job. Recovery, he said, involved developing humility-recognizing that
not a disaster.( 62 ) his talent, he was fallible, and that an imperfect concert was
It is not only young artists who suffer, of course. The legendary pianist Vladimir Horowitz's nerves were famous. The great tenor Franco Corelli is another example. "They had to push him on stage," Soprano Renata Scotto recalled ( 63 ) , success can make things worse. "In the beginning of your career, when you're scared to death, nobody knows who you are, and they don't have any( 64) ," Soprano June Anderson said. " There's you're known, people are coming to see you, and they have a lot to lose. "(65) to lose. Later on, when
certain expectations. You have
Anderson added, "I never stop being nervous until I've sung
51 A gone B saved C assessed D observed
52 A work B deal C enroll D communicate
53 A explain B understand C fight D analyze
54 A to B of C at D for
55 A tell B deny C confirm D argue
56 A reasons B supports C strategies D demands
57 A watch B draw C recognize D choose
58 A as B like C by D on
59 A time B rate C root D beginning
60 A decisive B excited C grateful D nervous
61 A room B moment C corner D point
62 A whenever B whatever C wherever D however
63 A Actually B Correspondingly C Certainly D Similarly
64 A sensations B appreciations C expectation D contributions
65 A much B less C some D more
参考答案：ABCAB CDACD DBACB
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