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2024年职称英语试题《综合A》阅读理解训练题
从小学、初中、高中到大学乃至工作，我们都要用到试题，试题是命题者按照一定的考核目的编写出来的。什么类型的试题才能有效帮助到我们呢？以下是小编收集整理的2024年职称英语试题《综合A》阅读理解训练题，希望对大家有所帮助。
Superconductor Ceramic (陶瓷)
An underground revolution begins this winter. With the flip (轻击) of a switch, 30,000 homes in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive electricity transmitted by ice-cold high-performance cables. Other American cities are expected to follow Detroits example in the years ahead, which could conserve enormous amounts of power.
The new electrical cables at the Frisbie powe.r station in Detroit are revolutionary because they are made of superconductors. A superconductor is a material that transmits electricity with little or no resistance. Resistance is the degree to which a substance resists electric current. All common electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical resistance. They convert at least some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heat. Superconductors dont. No one understands how superconductivity works. It just does.
Making superconductors isnt easy. A superconductor material has to be cooled to an extremely low temperature to lose its resistance. The first superconductors, made more than 50 years ago, had to be cooled to -263 degrees Celsius before they lost their resistance. Newer superconducting materials lose their resistance at -143 degrees Celsius.
The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made of a ceramic material that contains copper, oxygen; bismuth(铋 ), strontium(偲 ), and calcium( 钙 ). A ceramic is a hard, strong compound made from clay or minerals. The superconducting ceramic has been fashioned into a tape that is wrapped lengthwis.e around a long tube filled with liquid nitrogen. Liquid nitrogen is supercold and lowers the temperature of the ceramictape to the point where it conveys electricity
with zero resistance.
The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistance. Because cooled superconductors have no resistance, they waste much less power. Other cities are watching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to superconducting cable and conserve power, too.
1.What is the benefit of the revolution mentioned in the first paragraph?
A. With a flip of swish, electricity can be transmitted.
B. Other American cities can benefit from the high-perfo ——rraance cables.
C. Great amounts of power can be conserved.
D. Detroit will first receive electricity transmitted by the new electrical cables.
2.Compared to common electrical conductors, superconductors
A. have little or no electrical resistance.
B. can be used for a long time.
C. are not energy-efficient.
D. can be made easily.
3.At what temperature does the superconducting ceramic lose its resistance?
A. -143 degree Celsius.
B. -263 degree Celsius.
C. As long as it is ice-cold.
D. Absolute zero.
4.What element enables the ceramic tape to lower its temperature?
A. Copper.
B. Liquid nitrogen.
C. Clay.
D. Calcium.
5.According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Other cities hope they can also conserve power.
B. Other cities hope they can use superconducting cables soon.
C. Superconductors waste less power because of their low resistance.
D. The Fribie experiment is not successful.
答案与解析：
1.c。细节题。题干：第一段中提及的这场革命的好处是什么?利用题干关键词可以定位到第一段的最后一句，尽管A、B、D的内容都在第一段中被提及，但不是这场革命所带来的主要利益。
2.A。细节题。题干：与传统的普通电导体相比，超导体__________。第二段的第二句和第四句提供了明确的答案：超导体几乎没有电阻，而普通导体都有一定的电阻。故选A。
3.A。细节题。题干：在什么温度下，超导体失去电阻?利用题干关键词可以定位到第三段最后一句，由该句可知答案为A。B是50年前第一代超导体的温度数。C和D都不是正确的说法。
4.B。细节题。题干：什么因素使得ceramic tape能降低温度?利用题干关键词可以定位到第四段第四句，由该句可知答案为B。A和D中的copper和calcium是用来制造超导体的陶瓷材料的成分;C中的clay是陶瓷材料的来源。
The Sandwich Generation
Today people often look forward to their middle age as a time when they will be able to take things easier. After their children are grown, they expect to enjoy the life they have worked hard to create. However the reality is often very different. In middle age, many people discover that they have two ongoing responsibilities: one is to look after their aging parents, and the other is to help their young adult children deal with the pressures of life. Around the world, there are millions of people who are "sandwiched" in between the older and the younger generations. Sometimes there may be two or three generations living in the same household -- a situation that is common in many Asian countries and in some parts of Europe. In other cases, a couple may be taking care of parents and children, but they do not live with them.
There are two important reasons for the rise of the sandwich generation. First, people are living longer than they used to. In the early nineteenth century, the average life expectancy for adults in the United States, for example, was about 40, whereas today people live to an average age of 75. Therefore, children are taking care of their parents over a longer period of time. The second reason is that these days, young adults often live with their parents for a longer time than they did in the past. This is often for financial reasons. Its also more common for todays young adults to return home during or after college if they need financial
or emotional support.
People who take care of elderly parents often face difficult issues. They may have to cover expenses that their parents cannot. They may have to manage their parents, financial and legal affairs. They may have to prepare for their parents, future needs, such as special medical care or a move to a nursing home. This can be a traumatic experience for everyone.
Caring for adult children presents challenges as well, and caregivers have to resolve important questions: How can financial responsibilities be shared among members of the household? How can household chores be shared? What is the best way to ensure everyones privacy? Successfully coping with these issues can avoid a lot of stress for the whole family.
The financial and emotional pressures on the sandwich generation can be overwhelming.
However, this time in life also has its rewards. It can be a time to rediscover the special qualities of ones parents or children. It can also provide a valuable opportunity to spend more time with them.
However, in order to survive this difficult period in their lives, the members of the sandwich generation must remember that they also need to pay attention to their own needs and look after the quality of their own lives. They cant be totally selfless.
41. According to the first paragraph, many people in middle age
A. cant enjoy their life as they have expected.
B. are able to take things easier when their children are grown.
C. cant enjoy their life because they havent worked hard enough.
D. are facing great pressure from their work.
42. Which is true about the sandwich generation?
A. Their parents are unable to take care of themselves.
B. Their parents are often facing the pressures of life.
C. They all have to live with their parents and children.
D. They are torn between the responsibilities for their parents and children.
43. Why do some young adults choose to live with their parents these days?
A. They are too young to be independent from their parents.
B. They want to help their parents to take care of their aging grandparents.
C. They need support from their parents to deal with their financial problems.
D. They are more emotional than the young adults in the past.
44. The sandwich generation face the following challenges EXCEPT
A. sharing household chores.
B. determining who is the caregiver of the family.
C. ensuring everyones privacy.
D. shouldering the financial responsibilities of the household.
45. To survive the difficult period in their lives, the sandwich generation need to_________.
A. be totally selfless.
B. rediscover the merits of their children.
C. value the time spent with their parents.
D. consider their own well-being.
答案与解析
41.A。细节题。题干：根据文章的意思，很多中年人。根据第一段第二、三句可知，当孩子长大后，中年人期望能享受努力工作创造的生活，然而，现实却不是这样。由此可知，很多中年人不能如愿地享受生活。故本题选A(无法过上他们期望的生活)。
42.D。细节判断题。题干：关于三明治一代，下列哪个描述是正确的?根据第一段第四句可知，很多中年人发现他们正肩负着两种责任：一个是照顾日益年长的父母，另一个是帮助年轻的孩子处理生活的压力。第一段第五句接着说，全世界有数百万的中年人像三明治一样夹在上一代和下一代中间。因此选项D(他们常常在赡养老人和抚养孩子的责任中左右为难)。
43.C。细节题。题干：为什么现在很多年轻人选择和父母住在一起?根据第二段最后三句可知，如今一些年轻人之所以会更久地跟父母住在一起，是因为他们需要父母的经济或情感支持。故本题答案为C(他们需要父母的`支持来应对财务问题)。
44.B。细节判断题。题干：三明治一代面临着下列挑战，除了__________。根据第四段中的“caregivers have to resolve important questions：How can financial responsibilities be shared among members of the household?How can household chores be shared?What is the best way to ensure everyone’s privacy?”可知，只有B不是三明治一代要考虑的问题，所以该题答案为B(决定谁来赡养家庭)。
45.D。推断题。题干：想度过人生中这一艰难时段，三明治一代需要__________。最后一段最后两句中的“…they also need to pay attention to their own needs and look after the quality of thie own lives.They can’t be totally selfless.”表明，三明治一代也需要考虑自己的需求和自身的生活质量，不能完全忘我。由此可知，要度过这个人生的艰难时段，三明治一代需要考虑自身的幸福，所以该题答案为D(考虑自身的幸福)。
The Only Way Is Up
Think of a modern city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities don’t permit buildings to go above a certain height. But these are cities concerned with the past. The first thing any city does when it wants to tell the world that it has arrived is to build skyscrapers.
When people gather together in cities, they create a demand for land. Since cities are places where money is made, that demand can be met. And the best way to make money out of city land is to put as many people as possible in a space that covers the smallest amount of ground. That means building upwards.
The technology existed to do this as early as the 19th century. But the height of buildings was limited by one important factor. They had to be small enough for people on the top floors to climb stairs. People could not be expected to climb a mountain at the end of their journey to work, or home.
Elisha Otis, a US inventor, was the man who brought us the lift or elevator，as he preferred to call it. However，most of the technology is very old. Lifts work using the same pulley system the Egyptians used to create the Pyramids. What Otis did was attach the system to a steam engine and develop the elevator brake, which stops the lift falling if the cords that hold it up are broken. It was this that did the most to gain public confidence in the new invention. In fact, he spent a number of years exhibiting lifts at fairgrounds, giving people the chance to try them out before selling the idea to architects and builders.
A lift would not be a very good theme park attraction now. Going in a lift is such an everyday thing that it would just be boring. Yet psychologists and others who study human behavior find lifts fascinating. The reason is simple. Scientists have always studied animals in zoos. The nearest they can get to that with humans is in observing them in lifts.
“It breaks all the usual conventions about the bubble of personal space we carry around with us and you just can’t choose to move away,” says workplace psychologist, Gary Fitzgibbon. Being trapped in this setting can create different types of tensions, he says.Some people are scared of them. Others use them as an opportunity to get close to the boss. Some stand close to the door. Others hide in the corners. Most people try and shrink into the background. But some behave in a way that makes others notice them. There are a few people who just stand in a corner taking notes.
Don’t worry about them. They fire probably from a university.
31. “...these are cities concerned with the past”in the first paragraph refer to cities that
A. are worried about their past.
B. have a glorious past to be proud of.
C. want to maintain their traditional image.
D. are very interested in their own history.
32. The difficulty in constructing tall buildings in the 19th century lies in
A. the shortage of money.
B. the lack of a device to carry people upward.
C. backward technology.
D. mountains taking up land space.
33. When Otis came up with the idea of a lift,
A. he sold it to the architects and builders immediately.
B. the Egyptians used it to build the Pyramids.
C. it was accepted favorably by the public.
D. most people had doubt about its safety.
34. Which of the following best describes the experience of going in a lift now?
A. Fascinating.
B. Uninteresting.
C. Frightening.
D. Exciting.
35. Psychologists find the lift a good place where they can study human behaviour because
A. here humans behave the way animals do.
B. people in a lift are all scared.
C. here some people take notes.
D. in a lift the bubble of personal space breaks.
答案：
CBDBD
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