2017职称英语考试《卫生A》阅读判断专项练习
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Why Is the Native Language Learnt So Well
How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case, may end up with a faulty and inexact command.
What accounts for this difference?
Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the fast years of life. A child hears it spoken from moming till night and,what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance, there is perfect assimilation.
Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours, which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such as what is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled.
Finally, though a child's "teachers" may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.
1.Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native language with ease.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
2.Adults' knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreign language.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
3.The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
4.Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures children's success of
learning their mother tongue.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
5.A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
6.Gestures and facial expressions may assist a child in mastering his native language.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
7.So far as language teaching is concerned, the teacher's close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
答案及解析
1.A。题干：与学习外语的成年人相比，儿童学习母语很容易。利用线索词adult和children，在第一段的段首句中发现children，而在随后的一句中发现adult。研究这两段的语意：前一句说“为什么孩子学习母语学得这么好?”后一句接着说“当我们把孩子和学习外语的成年人比较时，我们发现了这个有趣的事实”，依据这两句判断，该问题旬实际上是对原文中这两个句子的总结。
2.C。题干：成年人的知识和智力阻碍了他们对外语的掌握。利用线索词mental powers在第一段第三句中可以发现相关信息，该句大意是“在大多数情况下，智力充分发展的成年人对外语的掌握是错误的和不准确的”。而该句的下一句引出的是成年人和儿童在学习语言方面不同的理由(第二段的段首句)，但原文中并没提到成年人掌握外语的能力较差的原因，所以选择C。
3.B。题干：儿童母语学得好的原因只是因为他们的学习环境。该问题旬的说法太绝对，所以判断答案为“错误”。其实这道题的答案相关句我们在前一题已经涉及了。文章第二段的首句给出了由两个partly引出的理由，因为不是“唯一的理由”，故选择B。
4.A。题干：早年大量的听力练习是儿童学习母语成功的一个原因。利用线索词the first years oflife在第二段的第二句中可以发现相关句。该句说“早年学习母语的时间是最有益的”。接下来的一句强调了儿童期听力练习的形式。所以选择A。
5.B。题干：儿童学习母语的优势是可以常年上私人辅导课。利用线索词all the year round在第三段的第一句中发现直接相关句。比较原句和问题句的结构，发现不同之处在于“as itwere”的结构。部分结构的差异往往设置了陷阱。原文中asitwere的含义是“仿佛是”，而问题句说“是”，所以选择B。
6.A。题干：手势和面部表情可能会对儿童掌握母语有帮助。利用线索词Gestures and facial expressions在第三段的第二句中发现直接相关句。该句说“儿童学习母语的另一个优势是可以接触各种情景的母语，而且母语中还伴随了正确的手势和面部表情”。可见原句的说法与问题旬一致，所以选择A。
7.C。题干：就语言教学而言，教师与学生的亲密关系比学生接受的专门培训更重要。利用线索词teachers在文章的最后一段找到相关信息，但原文只是说“教师与学生的关系。是亲密的”，尽管问题句的说法并不与原文矛盾，但只能选择C。
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