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职称英语《综合B》阅读判断真题练习及答案
Text one
Living History at Jamestown Settlement
A woman in Native American clothes is sitting in the sun, sewing a dress from skin. Inside a building, a colonist is making a wooden chair, using very simple tools. And all around, tourists are taking pictures with their digital (数码的) cameras. This is Jamestown Settlement today.
Jamestown, Virginia, was one of the first places in the world where people from Europe,America, and Africa came together in 1608. Today, it is a living history museum, where children and adults come to experience history. In a living history museum, actors wear clothes from the past and demonstrate many of the activities of daily life back then. The actors also talk to the visitors and explain everything they do.
At a Living History museum, there are always many things to touch, hear and smell. Visitors at Jamestown Settlement can walk through copies of the three small sailing ships that carried colonists to Virginia and even lie down in a colonist's bed. The colonists stayed on the crowded,dangerous ships for more than four months. When they got to Virginia they built an area of houses with a high wall around it in today's fort ( 堡垒 ), you can see houses, a church, and even a garden with foods that the colonists ate. Women in long dresses work inside their homes, and visitors can help them with their sewing and cooking.
There is also an Indian Village at Jamestown Settlement, and it looks very different from the fort. It shows how the Indians lived in long houses and grew corn and other crops in large fields.
Actors there make pottery (陶器) and teach visitors how to play Indian games. You can even help them make an Indian boat from a tree.
Today the living history museum of Jamestown is very popular, especially with children and families.
People come here to have fun, but also to learn. Many school classes visit to experience old ways of getting things done. A living history museum is the best way to understand how people lived in the past.
16. Tourists like to take pictures in Jamestown Settlement today.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. In Jamestown Settlement, people from three different cultures came together in 1608.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. At a living history museum, visitors cannot touch any of the things on display.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. The first colonists to Jamestown Settlement were from England.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. The actors working at the museum explain what they do to the visitors.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. In Jamestown, visitors can walk through the real ships the colonists used.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. Children and families enjoy playing Indian games.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
Text two
The Most Wonderful Islands
The Palm Islands are the largest artificial islands in the world and are under construction in Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates. They are being developed as tourist, leisure, and residential resorts, and will increase the coastline of the country by 120 kilometers.
After four years of planning and careful consideration of the environmental issues, construction started in 2001. Dutch engineers with experience of reclaiming land from the sea were employed in the building of the fhst two islands. The site for all three islands is an area of the sea where the water is not very deep. Sand is taken from the seabed and sprayed into the construction site. Although the shallow water facilitates this process, the islands are still very exposed to the currents and tidal movements of the sea. Rocks are used to hold the sand in place resulting in a large crescent (月状的)structure. This acts as a breakwater and protects the islands from the sea.
The first two islands are in the shape of date palm trees and consist of a trunk and 17 frond, or leaves coming off the trunk. The first island, named Palm Jumeirah, has three five-star hotels in the trunk, and luxury homes in the leaves. It is astonishing that when these homes went on sale in 2004,they were all sold within three days.
The second palm, Jebel All, was started in 2002 and is designed to be an entertainment centre. Six marinas ( 小游艇船坞 )are planned, with a water theme park, and homes built on stilts ( 桩柱 )in the water.
The Palm Deira planned to be the largest of the three islands, with a length of 14 km and a width of 8.5 km, an area larger than the city of Paris. It will consist of residential properties, marinas,shopping malls, sports facilities, and clubs. These will be open to both residents and tourists.
More artificial islands, the World Islands, are now being constructed near the Palm Jumeirah.
They consist of 300 private islands grouped into the shape of the continents of the world and will be used for estates, private homes, community islands, and resorts.
Unquestionably, these artificial islands are one of the wonders of the modem world. They will also maintain Dubai's status as one of the leading tourist destinations in the region.
16. Some Dutch engineers are experienced in reclaiming land from the sea.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. The islands are being built in the deep water of the sea.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. Rocks for building the breakwater were taken from the World of Islands.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. All the luxury homes on Palm Jumeriah were sold.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. The water theme park in Jebel Ali will attract more tourists.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. The Palm Deria will be the same size as Paris.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. The World Islands are bigger than the Palm Jumeriah.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
Text three
Kicking the Habit
What is a bad habit? The most definition is that it is something that we do regularly, almost without thinking about it, and which has some sort of negative consequence. This consequence could affect those around us, or it could affect us personally. Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad habits are part of what makes us human.
Many early habits, like sucking out thumb, are broken when we are very young. We are either told to stop doing it by our parents, or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same habit, and we gradually grow out of it. It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem. Unless we can break that habit early on, it becomes a part of our life, and becomes "programmed" into our brain.
A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change out habits,it is the old ways that tend to win, especially in situations where we are rushed, stressed or overworked. Habits that we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back. During the study program, the researchers showed a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them. They then showed the volunteers the same picture again, and gave them new words to associate with them.
A few days later, the volunteers were given a test. The researchers showed them the pictures,and told them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one. It came as no surprise that their answers were split between the first set of words and second. Two weeks later,they were given the same test again. This time, most of them only gave the first set of words. They appeared to have completely forgotten the second set.
The study confirms that theresponses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time.
We may try to change out ways, but after a while, the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we learned. The more that response is used, the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond in any other way.
The study therefore suggests that over time, our bad habits also become automatic, learned behavior. This is not good news for people who pick up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break them. Even when we try to put new, good intentions into practice, those previous learned habits remain stronger in more automatic, unconscious forms of memory.
16. Boys usually develop bad habits when they are very young.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. We can only break bad habits if others tell us to do.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. Bad habits may return when we are under pressure.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. Researchers were surprised by the answer that the volunteers gave in the first test.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. The volunteers found the test more difficult when they did it the second time.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. The study suggests that it is more difficult to respond what to get rid of.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. If we develop bad habits early in life, they are harder to get rid of.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
答案与解析
Text one
16.A。题干：现在游客喜欢在Jamestown Settlement拍照。利用题干关键词take pictures和Jamestown Settlement可以定位到文章第一段最后两句，意为“到处都是游客们在使用数码相机拍照，这就是今日的Jamestown Settlement”，由此可知题干所述与原文信息一致，故该题答案为A。
17.A。题干：在Jamestown Settlement，不同文化的人们在1608年来到这里。利用题干关键词Jamestown Settlement和1608可以定位到文章第二段第一句，意为“位于弗吉尼亚州的Jamestown Settlement是来自欧洲、美洲和非洲的人们于1608年最早聚集的居住地之一”，由此可知题干所述与原文信息一致，故该题答案为A。
18.B。题干：在这个鲜活的历史博物馆，游客们不准触摸任何展示的东西。利用题干关键词living history museum和touch可以定位到文章第三段的第一句，意为“在这座鲜活的历史博物馆里，游客可以触摸、听和闻很多东西”，由此可知题干所述与原文信息不一致，故该题答案为8。
19.C。题干：Jamestown Settlement地区最早的殖民者来自英国。利用题干关键词first colonist和England可以定位，没有发现相关信息，由此可知该题答案为C。
20.A。题干：在该博物馆工作的演员会跟游客解释他们所做的事情。利用题干关键词actors可以定位到第四段的第三句，意为“演员们制作陶器的同时也教游客们如何玩印第安人的游戏”，由此可知演员们会向游客进行一些解释，故该题答案为A。
21.B。题干：在Jamestown，游客们可以在殖民者使用过的真的船上走动。利用题干关键词real ships可以定位到第三段第二句，意为“游客们可以在运送殖民者来到弗吉尼亚的三只小船的复制品上走动”，由此可知题干所述与原文信息不一致，所以该题答案为B。
22.c。题干：儿童和家庭喜欢玩印第安人的游戏。利用题干关键词children和families进行定位，没有定位到相关信息，所以该题答案为C。
Text two
16.A。题干：一些荷兰的工程师在退海造地方面很有经验。利用题干关键词Dutch engineers可以定位第二段“Dutch engineers with experience of reclaiming land from the sea wereemployed in the building of the first two islands”，即“有着退海造地经验的荷兰工程师受雇于最早两个岛屿的建设”，由此可知，题干信息与原句信息一致，故答案为A。
17.B。题干：岛屿建在海的深水区。利用题干关键词deep water可以定位到第二段“The sitefor all three islands is an area of the sea where the water is not very deep”。由此可知，题干信息与原句信息不一致，故答案为B。
18.C。题干：用于建造防波堤的岩石取自世界之岛。利用题干关键词rocks和WbrldofIslands可以定位第二段“Rocks are used to hold the sand in place resulting in a large crescent(月状的)structure.This acts as a breakwater and protects the islands from the sea.”，即“岩石用来固定沙子并形成月状结构，这起到了防波堤的作用从而保护岛屿不受海水的影响”，但是没有提及这些岩石的来源，由此可知答案为C。
19.A。题干：Palm Jumeriah上那些奢华的房子都卖掉了。利用题干关键词luxury homes和Palm Jumeriah等可以定位到第三段“The first island，named Palm Jumeirah，has three five—star hotels in the trunk，and luxury homes in the leaves.It is astonishing that when these homes went on sale in 2004，they were all sold within three days”，即“第一个岛屿取名为Palm Jumeriah，树干部分是五星级的宾馆，叶子之中是一些奢华的房子，但是令人吃惊的是这些房子在2004年开始出售，结果三天时间就销售一空”，由此可知，题干信息与原句信息一致，故答案为A。
20.C。题干：JebelAli岛的水主题公园将吸引更多的游客。利用题干关键词JebelAli和tourists可以定位到第四段“Jebel Ali，was started in 2002 and is designed to be an entertainment centre.Six marinas are planned，with a water theme park，and homes built on stilts(桩柱)in the water”，即“JebelAli始建于2002年，其规划设计是一个娱乐中心。该岛上准备建6个小游艇船坞，并有水主题公园以及建在水里木桩上的房子”，但是没有提及游客的事情，故答案为c。
21.B。题干：Palm Deria跟巴黎一样大。利用题干关键词Palm Deria和Paris可以定位到第五段“The Palm Deira planned to be the largest of the three islands.with a length of l4 km and a width of8.5 km，an area larger than the city ofParis.”，即“Palm Deira是三个岛屿中最大的，长14千米，宽8.5千米，比巴黎市还大”。由此可知，题干信息与原句信息不一致，故答案为B。
22.C。题干：World Islands比Palm Jumeriah还要大。利用题干关键词World Islands和Palm Jumeriah等可以定位到第六段，该段中提到World Islands位于Palm Jumeriah附近，但是没有提及两个岛屿的大小，故答案为C。
Text three
16.C。题干：男孩通常在年纪非常小的时候养成坏习惯。利用boys和bad habit进行定位，通篇都没有提到这个话题，因此答案为C。
17.B。题干：只有别人告诉我们，我们才能改掉不良习惯。利用题干关键词breakbadhabits可以定位到第二段第二句，即“我们或者被父母告知要停止这个习惯，或者有意或无意地观察到其他人没有同样的习惯，然后就逐渐改掉了坏习惯”。由此可知，改掉坏习惯一有两个途径。因此题干信息与原文信息不一致，故选B。
18.A。题干：当我们有压力时，坏习惯可能会恢复。利用题干关键词retum和pressure可以定位到第三段第一句，可知无论我们如何努力改变习惯，它总是会赢了我们，特别是我们很着急、有压力或者过度工作的时候。题干信息与原文信息一致，故选A。
19.B。题干：研究人员对志愿者在第一个测试中给出的答案感到吃惊。利用题干关键词surprise可以定位到第四段第三句，可知研究人员对志愿者在第一个测验中得出的结果一点都不感到惊讶。题干信息与原文信息不一致，故选B。
20.C。题干：志愿者们发现第二次测试更加困难。利用题干关键词more difficult和second进行定位，文章没有提及志愿者是否发现更难。因此答案为C未提及。
21.B。题干：研究表明，回应要去除的东西更难。利用题干关键词difficult和get rid of可以定位到第五段第二句，可知我们尝试改变方式，但首先到我们脑海中的经常是我们最开始学的，即要摆脱最先认知的内容是更困难的。题干信息与原文信息不一致，故选B。
22.A。题干：如果我们在早期养成了很多坏习惯，就很难将其摆脱。利用题干关键词early和harder可以定位到最后一段，可知坏习惯慢慢就变成了自动的行为，一旦早期养成了坏习惯，在后期要改变或将其打破都很难。题干信息与原文信息一致，故选A。
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