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职称英语《综合A》阅读理解精选试题及答案
阅读理解
text one
The National Trust
The National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not a rich Government department.
It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public. Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest.
The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth-century house to the Trust together with the 4,500-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and started the Trust's "Country House Scheme". Under this scheme, with the help of the Government and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses. Last year about one and three quarters, of a million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge.
In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, nature reserves, five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousand five hundred cottages or small village houses, as well as some complete villages. In these, villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original sixteenth-century style. Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline, woodland, and hill country, are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife.
So it is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and important organization and an essential and respected part of national life, preserving all that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who each year invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.
31. The national trust is a
A. government agency depending on voluntary service.
B. non-profit organization depending on voluntary service.
C. government department but is not rich.
D. private organization supported by the government.
32. The National Trust is dedicated to
A. preserving the best public enjoyment.
B. providing the public with free access to historic buildings.
C. offering better services to visitors home and abroad.
D. protecting the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings.
33. We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Lord Lothion
A. donated all his money to the Trust.
B. started the Country House Scheme.
C. saved many old country houses in Britain.
D. was influential in his time.
34. All the following can be inferred from the passage except
A. the Trust is more interested in protecting the 16 century houses.
B. many people came to visit the historic houses saved by the Trust.
C. visitors can get free access to some places owned by the Trust.
D. the Trust has a history which is longer than 80 years.
35. The word "invade" in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
A. come in without permission.
B. enter with invitation.
C. visit in large number.
D. appear all of a sudden.
text two
The Sandwich Generation
Today people often look forward to their middle age as a time when they will be able to take things easier. After their children are grown, they expect to enjoy the life they have worked hard to create. However the reality is often very different. In middle age, many people discover that they have two ongoing responsibilities: one is to look after their aging parents, and the other is to help their young adult children deal with the pressures of life. Around the world, there are millions of people who are "sandwiched" in between the older and the younger generations. Sometimes there may be two or three generations living in the same household -- a situation that is common in many Asian countries and in some parts of Europe. In other cases, a couple may be taking care of parents and children, but they do not live with them.
There are two important reasons for the rise of the sandwich generation. First, people are living longer than they used to. In the early nineteenth century, the average life expectancy for adults in the United States, for example, was about 40, whereas today people live to an average age of 75. Therefore, children are taking care of their parents over a longer period of time. The second reason is that these days, young adults often live with their parents for a longer time than they did in the past. This is often for financial reasons. It's also more common for today's young adults to return home during or after college if they need financial
or emotional support.
People who take care of elderly parents often face difficult issues. They may have to cover expenses that their parents cannot. They may have to manage their parents, financial and legal affairs. They may have to prepare for their parents, future needs, such as special medical care or a move to a nursing home. This can be a traumatic experience for everyone.
Caring for adult children presents challenges as well, and caregivers have to resolve important questions: How can financial responsibilities be shared among members of the household? How can household chores be shared? What is the best way to ensure everyone's privacy? Successfully coping with these issues can avoid a lot of stress for the whole family.
The financial and emotional pressures on the sandwich generation can be overwhelming.
However, this time in life also has its rewards. It can be a time to rediscover the special qualities of one's parents or children. It can also provide a valuable opportunity to spend more time with them.
However, in order to survive this difficult period in their lives, the members of the sandwich generation must remember that they also need to pay attention to their own needs and look after the quality of their own lives. They can't be totally selfless.
41. According to the first paragraph, many people in middle age
A. can't enjoy their life as they have expected.
B. are able to take things easier when their children are grown.
C. can't enjoy their life because they haven't worked hard enough.
D. are facing great pressure from their work.
42. Which is true about the sandwich generation?
A. Their parents are unable to take care of themselves.
B. Their parents are often facing the pressures of life.
C. They all have to live with their parents and children.
D. They are torn between the responsibilities for their parents and children.
43. Why do some young adults choose to live with their parents these days?
A. They are too young to be independent from their parents.
B. They want to help their parents to take care of their aging grandparents.
C. They need support from their parents to deal with their financial problems.
D. They are more emotional than the young adults in the past.
44. The sandwich generation face the following challenges EXCEPT
A. sharing household chores.
B. determining who is the caregiver of the family.
C. ensuring everyone's privacy.
D. shouldering the financial responsibilities of the household.
45. To survive the difficult period in their lives, the sandwich generation need to_________.
A. be totally selfless.
B. rediscover the merits of their children.
C. value the time spent with their parents.
D. consider their own well-being.
text three
Is There a Way to Keep the Britain's Economy Growing?
In today's knowledge economy, nations survive on the things they do best. Japanese design electronics while Germans export engineering techniques. The French serve the best food and Americans make computers.
Britain specializes in the gift of talking. The nation doesn't manufacture much of anything. But it has lawyers, stylists and business consultants who earn their living from talk, talk and more talk.
The World Foundation think tank says the UK's four iconic jobs today are not scientists, engineers,teachers and nurses. Instead, they're hairdressers, celebrities, management consultants and managers.
But can all this talking keep the British economy going? The British government thinks it can.
Although the country's trade deficit was more than —— 60 billion in 2006, UK's largest in the postwar period, officials say the country has nothing to worry about. In fact, Britain does have a world-class pharmaceutical industry, and it still makes a small sum from selling arms abroad. It also trades services accountancy, insurance, banking and advertising. The government believes Britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy. After all, the country of Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a literary tradition of which to be proud. Rockn' roll is an English language medium, and there are billions to be made by their cutting-edge bands. In other words, the creative economy has plenty of strength to carry the British economy.
However, creative industries account for only about 4 percent of UK's exports of goods and services. The industries are finding it hard to make a profit, according to a report of the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts. The report shows only 38 percent of British companies were engaged in "innovation activities", 3 percentage points below the EU average and well below Germany (61 percent) and Sweden (47 percent).
In fact, it might be better to call Britain a "servant" economy -- there are at least 4 million people "in service". The majority of the population are employed by the rich to cook,clean, and take care of their children. Many graduates are even doing menial jobs for which they do not need a degree. Most employment growth has been, and will continue to be, at the low-skill end of the service sector -- in shops, bars, hotels, domestic service and in nursing and care homes.
36. According to the World Foundation think tank, one of the iconic jobs in Britain today is
A. law makers.
B. business consultants.
C. home servants.
D. school teachers.
37. The phrase "the cutting edge" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
A. the most popular.
B. the most political.
C. the most advanced.
D. the proudest.
38. The officials are not worried about the trade deficit in 2006, because they believe
A. Britain is home to the largest pharmaceutical industry in the world.
B. the literary tradition of Britain will help make billions of pounds.
C. Britain is one cutting edge of the knowledge economy.
D. the world economy is strong enough to carry the Britain economy.
39. Which of the following is true about the creative industries in Britain?
A. They contribute a lot to the country's trade deficit.
B. They are not doing as well as those in other European nations. '
C. They can't make a profit out of their innovation activities.
D. They make Britain on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy.
40. It can be inferred from the passage that
A. the gift of talking can keep the British economy growing.
B. the British government is over-confident in its economy.
C. the British economy is the least innovative one in the EU.
D. being a servant to the rich is one of the best jobs in Britain.
text four
What's Killing the Bats
First it was bees. Now it is bats. Biologists in America are working hard to discover the cause of the mysterious deaths of tens of thousands of bats in the northeastern part of the country. Most of the bats affected are the common little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus), but other species, such as the long-eared bat, the small-footed hat, the eastern pipistrelle, and the Indiana bat have also been affected. In some cases, more than 90 percent of the bat populations have died.
One possibility is disease. A white fungus (真菌) known as fusarium has been found on the noses of both living and dead bats. However, scientists don't know if the fungus is the primary cause of death, a secondary cause of death, or not a cause at all, but the result of some other conditions.
Another possible cause is a lack of food. For example, bats typically eat a large number of moths (蛾), and in some states such as New York, the number of moths has been declining in recent years. If bats can't eat enough food, they starve to death.
Still other scientists believe that global warming is to blame. Warmer temperatures in recent years have been waking up hibernating (冬眠) bats earlier than usual. If bats break their hibernation at the wrong time, they might not find their expected food sources. The weather might also turn cold again and weaken or kill the bats.
Scientists might not agree on the causes of the bat die-off, but they do agree on the consequences.
Bats are an important predator of mosquitoes; a single brown bat can eat 1,000 or more insects in an hour. They also eat beetles and other insects that damage plant crops. If there aren't enough bats, damage will be great from the insects theyeat. While bats live a long time for their size -- the little brown bat can live for more than 30 years- a female bat has only one baby per year, so bat populations grow slowly. Many bat species in the United States are already protected or endangered.
How can you help? Do not disturb sleeping or nesting bats. If you discover bate that seem to be sick or that are dead, contact your local Fish & Wildlife Department with the details. However, be careful not to touch the animals.
31. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. All species of bats in North America are dying.
B. Scientists already know the cause of the deaths of bats.
C. The bat deaths are a serious problem.
D. There are many possible causes of the deaths of bats.
32. What does the first sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Bees have been dying mysteriously.
B. The first article on the website is about bees.
C. Bees usually die before bats.
D. It was bees that caused the deaths of bats.
33. The word "pipistrelle" in Paragraph 1 refers to
A. a kind of fungus.
B. an area in the U.S.
C. a special cave.
D. a kind of bat.
34. The "moths" in Paragraph 3 are taken as an example of
A. diseases that kill bats.
B. Insects that bats eat.
C. animals that have diseases.
D. bat species that are starving to death.
35. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?
A. To get people to stop killing bats.
B. To hire workers for the Fish & Wildlife Department.
C. To ask people not to touch dead bats.
D. To tell the public how to help bats.
参考答案与解析
text one
31.B。细节题。题干：国家信托是一个__________。本题答案在第一段中的“It is a voluntary association…It is a charity…”，可知该机构是做慈善的，与non-profitable对应，同时是志愿的(voluntary)，很明显答案为B。
32.D。细节题。题干：国家信托致力于__________。答案仍在“It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings ofBritain”中，大意是“这是一个志愿性质的协会，保护那些未被破坏的乡村和历史性的建筑”，care for与题干中的dedicate to对应，因此本题答案为D。
33.C。细节题。题干：从第二段中可以推理得知Lothion爵士__________。第二段中的“theTrust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about one hundred and fifty ofthese old houses”与C选项形成对应，这句话的大意是“信托拯救了大约150个老房子，同时让公众有可能参观它们”。Lothion捐献的是自己的房产，并非所有的钱;国家之屋的计划也不是他开启的，而是受到了Lothion的帮助;公众的注意力被Lothion吸引是因为他去世时捐献了很多的财产，因此在他有生之年未必就很有影响力。故本题答案为C。
34.A。细节题。题干：下列哪一个不能从原文中推理得知?用“16世纪”回到原文定位到倒数第二段“…all the houses are maintained in their original sixteenth-century style”可知，这里的16世纪对应的信息是“……所有的房子都保留原始的16世纪的风格”，可知A与原文不一致。因此正确答案为A。
35.C。词汇题。题干：第四段中的“invade”与__________意思最为相近?该词本意是“入侵”，但由该词定位到末段的最后一句“…but also for the millions of tourists who each year invade Britain in search ofa great historic and cultural heritage”，由语义走向可知invade与 millions oftourists相关，因此C选项最合适。
text two
41.A。细节题。题干：根据文章的意思，很多中年人。根据第一段第二、三句可知，当孩子长大后，中年人期望能享受努力工作创造的生活，然而，现实却不是这样。由此可知，很多中年人不能如愿地享受生活。故本题选A(无法过上他们期望的生活)。
42.D。细节判断题。题干：关于三明治一代，下列哪个描述是正确的?根据第一段第四句可知，很多中年人发现他们正肩负着两种责任：一个是照顾日益年长的父母，另一个是帮助年轻的孩子处理生活的压力。第一段第五句接着说，全世界有数百万的中年人像三明治一样夹在上一代和下一代中间。因此选项D(他们常常在赡养老人和抚养孩子的责任中左右为难)。
43.C。细节题。题干：为什么现在很多年轻人选择和父母住在一起?根据第二段最后三句可知，如今一些年轻人之所以会更久地跟父母住在一起，是因为他们需要父母的经济或情感支持。故本题答案为C(他们需要父母的支持来应对财务问题)。
44.B。细节判断题。题干：三明治一代面临着下列挑战，除了__________。根据第四段中的“caregivers have to resolve important questions：How can financial responsibilities be shared among members of the household?How can household chores be shared?What is the best way to ensure everyone’s privacy?”可知，只有B不是三明治一代要考虑的问题，所以该题答案为B(决定谁来赡养家庭)。
45.D。推断题。题干：想度过人生中这一艰难时段，三明治一代需要__________。最后一段最后两句中的“…they also need to pay attention to their own needs and look after the quality of thie own lives.They can’t be totally selfless.”表明，三明治一代也需要考虑自己的需求和自身的生活质量，不能完全忘我。由此可知，要度过这个人生的艰难时段，三明治一代需要考虑自身的幸福，所以该题答案为D(考虑自身的幸福)。
text three
36.B。细节题。题干：在世界基金智囊团看来，如今英国标志性的工作是__________。第二段第四、五句表明，世界基金组织的智囊团公布，如今英国的四大标志性的职业不是科学家、工程师、教师和护士，而是发型师、名流显要、管理顾问和商业经理。因此本题答案为B(商业顾问)。
37.C。猜词题。题干：第三段中的“the cutting edge”与下列__________意思最相近?第三段第四句的大意是：英国政府认为英国正处于知识经济的风口浪尖上。换句话说，英国政府认为英国有着最先进的知识经济。由此可知，“cutting edge”的意思是“最先进的”。故本题答案为C(最先进)。
38.C。细节题。题干：官方不担心2006年的贸易赤字，因为他们相信__________。第三段第四句表明，英国政府认为英国正处于知识经济的风口浪尖上。英国政府即官方，由此可知，官方之所以不担心2006年的贸易赤字，是因为他们认为英国拥有最先进的知识经济，因而答案为C(英国拥有最先进的知识经济)。
39.B。细节判断题。题干：下列关于英国的创新行业，哪一个是正确的?根据第四段的最后一句所述的“only 38 percent ofBritish companies were engaged in‘innovation activities’，3 percentage points below the EU average”可知，英国只有38%的企业进行有关创新的工作，比欧盟的平均水平要低三个百分点。由此可知，英国的创新工作没有欧洲其他国家做得好，所以答案为B(他们没有欧洲其他国家表现优秀)。
40.B。推断题。题干：从文中可推理得知，。根据第二段最后两句可知，英国政府好像并不担心英国的经济。由此可知，英国政府在这个问题上过分自信了，所以答案为B(英国政府对其经济过分自信)。
text four
31.D。主旨题。题干：这篇文章的大意是什么?根据每段的首尾句，例如“0nepossibility is disease”，“Another possible cause is a lack offood”，“Still other scientists believe that global warming is to blame”，“Scientists might not agree on the causes of the bat die-off”可知，多数段落讨论的都是原因(cause)，再结合首段，可以得知谈论的是蝙蝠死亡的原因，所以选项D(蝙蝠的灭绝有多种可能的原因)为正确答案。
32.A。猜词题。题干：第一段的第一句意思是什么?根据第一段的首句和上下文，可知首先是蜜蜂，现在是蝙蝠，美国的生物学家正在努力研究蝙蝠莫名死亡的原因，由此可知首句指的是蜜蜂也一直莫名地死亡，故A(蜜蜂一直都在神秘地/莫名地死亡)是正确答案。
33.D。猜词题。题干：第一段中的“pipistrelle”指的是__________。利用题干关键词“pipistrelle”可以定位到第一段的第二句“…but other species，such as the long-eared bat，the small—footed hat，the eastem pipistrelle”，不难看出pipistrelle是蝙蝠的一种。故D(一种蝙蝠)是正确答案。
34.B。细节题。题干：第三段中的“moths(蛾)”被作为__________的例子。利用题干关键词moths可以定位到第三段第二句，可知蝙蝠一般吃大量的蛾子，由此可知B(蝙蝠吃的昆虫)是正确答案。
35.D。推断题。题干：最后一段的目的是什么?从最后一段的首句“How can you help?”可知谈论的是如何帮助蝙蝠，故该题答案为D(为了告诉大众如何帮助蝙蝠)。
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