2017年职称英语《卫生B》补全短文试题与答案
补全短文
part A
Mobile Phones
Mobile phones should carry a label if they proved to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist. And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be build until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic (电磁的) radiation they emit is scientifically evaluated,he said. "Nobody's going to drop dead overnight but we should be asking for more scientific information," Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation. 1
A report widely circulated (传播) among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill effects on humans from electromagnetic radiation.
According to Robert Bell, there are 3.3 million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by 2,000 a day.2
As well, there are 2,000 transmitter towers around Australia, many in high density (密度)residential areas. 3 The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.
Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completed the government should ban construction of phone towers from within a 500-metre radius of school grounds, child care centres,hospitals, sports playing fields ( 隔离屏 ) and residential areas with a high percentage of children.
4 He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to electromagnetic waves the growth rate of the disease accelerates (加速，加快) .
5 According to Robert Bell, it is reasonable for the major telephone companies to fund it.
Besides, he also urges the government to set up a wide ranging inquiry into possible health effects.
A. He says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-level radiation at a rate more than three times that of adults.
B. By the year 2000 it is estimated that Australia will have 8 million mobile phones: nearly one for every two people.
C. "If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised," he said.
D. Then who finances the research?
E. For example, Telstra, Optus and Vodaphone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to them and disregard (不顾) the need of the community.
F. The conclusion is that mobile phones bring more harm than benefit.
part B
Rising Tuition in the U.S.
Every Spring, U.S. university administrators gather to discuss the next academic year's budget.
They consider faculty salaries, utility costs for dormitories, new building needs and repairs to old ones. They run the numbers and conclude -- it seems, inevitably -- that, yet again, the cost of tuition must go up.
According to the U.S.'s College Board, the price of attending a four-year private university in the U.S.rose 81 percent between 1993 and 2004. 1 In 2005 and 2006, the numbers continued to rise.
According to university officials, college cost increases are simply the result of balancing university checkbooks. "Tuition increases at Cedarville University are determined by our revenue needs for each year," said the university's president, Dr Bill Brown. "Student tuition pays for 78percent of the university's operating costs." Brown's school is a private university that enrolls about 3,100 undergrads and is consistently recognized by annual college ranking guides like U. S. News,
and World Report's and The Princeton Review 's. 2
Tuition at private universities is set by administration officials and then sent for approval to the school's board of trustees (董事) .3 This board oversees (监管) all of a state's public institutions.
John Durham, assistant secretary to the board of trustees at East Carolina University (ECU),explains that state law says that public institutions must make their services available whenever possible to the people of the state for free. Durham said that North Carolina residents only pay 22 percent of the cost of their education.4 State residents attending ECU pay about U.S. $10,000 for tuition, room and board before financial aid.
Amid the news about continued increases in college costs, however, there is some good news.
Tuition increases have been accompanied by roughly equal increases in financial aid at almost every university. To receive financial aid, U.S. students complete a formal application with the federal government. The federal government then decides whether an applicant is eligible (有资格的 ) for grants or loans. 5
A. The application is then sent to the student's university, where the school itself will decide whether free money will be given to the student and how much.
B. At public universities, however, tuition increases must also be approved by a State education committee, sometimes called the board of governors.
C. The school currently charges U.S. $23,410 a year for tuition.
D. Many American people are simply unable to pay the growing cost of food.
E. That's more than double the rate of inflation.
F. The state government covers the rest.
part C
The Building of the Pyramids
The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. They have stood for nearly 5,000years, and it seems like that 1. There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the trne pyramids. The most famous of these are the "Step" pyramid and the "Bent" pyramid.
Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, 2. The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape 3. These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever.
It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids 4. However,there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves. Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used. Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.
One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning 5. The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place. You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere. Certain rnles had to be followed, and certain problems had to be overcome.
A. for stone to use in modern buildings
B. has made them less likely to fall into ruin
C. before they could begin to build
D. because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preserved
E. while building the pyramids
F. they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet
答案与解析
part A
1.C。本段讲的是手机辐射，而其空白处讲的是Robert参加了一个有关低辐射对健康的影响的会议，所以紧接着说的还是有关辐射的，所以答案选c。
2.B。空白处前面一句介绍了澳大利亚拥有手机的现状，后面谈论的应该还是澳大利亚的情况，所以选B，即对到2000年年底之前手机发展前景的预测，内容上保持了连贯。
3.E。这一段的第一句说的是，许多微波发射塔建在人口稠密的居民区。选项E的内容涉及微波发射塔的地点选择只考虑到地理位置，而不顾及公众的需求。选项E扩展了第一句表达的信息。此外，选项E中出现了tower这个词，与第一句的tower相呼应。
4.A。空白处前面一句说的是Robert Bell建议政府应该禁止在学校操场、儿童日托中心、医院、运动场所以及儿童占比例较高的场所方圆500米范围内建发射塔。选项A说明要这样做的原因，因而是答案。
5.D。空白处后面一句说的是major telephone companies出钱资助研究项目的内容，提示D是正确答案，在内容上保持了连贯。
part B
1.E。空格前面一句话讲的是1993年到2004年问四年制私立大学学费上涨的情况，后面一句讲的是2005年和2006年的涨价情况，两句话之间在时间上已经连续。所以要填入的内容很可能是对学费涨价的一种说明或比较。在六个选项中，E把学费上涨的幅度和同期的通货膨胀率做了一个比较，说明学费的上涨率超过了通胀率。
2.c。这一段的后半段讲的是Cedarville University的收费和支出情况。在六个选项中，只有C以The school开头，也就是说这句话是针对某一所大学的。就其内容而言，也符合本段的需要。
3.B。这个不长的一段先讲了私立大学的学费是怎么定的。选项B讲的是公立大学的学费是怎么定的，中问还包含了however这个词，表示了转折，既然讲过私立，下面应该就要讲公立了。故选B。
4.F。这段讲的是州政府对大学的投入。按理，一个州的公共机构应该尽可能为这个州的居民提供免费的服务。北卡罗来纳州的居民只支付教育费用的22%，下面一句话自然就该讲州政府出多少钱了。
5.A。文章的最后一段讲的是学生如何向联邦政府申请资助，空格的前一句话说联邦政府决定学生是否有资格申请奖学金或贷款，然后该申请送到学生所在的学校，由学校决定该学生是否可以得到资助。
part C
1.F。根据上下文语义，此处填入“金字塔似乎还能坚持数千年”最合适。
2.A。此句主要讲述的是那些去金字塔寻找现代建筑能使用的石头材料的人破坏了金字塔。
3.B。此句在分析金字塔千年屹立不倒的原因——形状。
4.D。上文有plan，根据重复原则，我们首先确定D可选，再通过上下文的语义能最终确定D为正确答案。
5.C。此句表达的是在开始修金字塔之前，必须进行数月仔细的计划。
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