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2017职称英语《理工A》阅读理解练习题及答案
阅读理解题
part A
Superconductor Ceramic 陶瓷)
An underground revolution begins this winter. With the flip (轻击) of a switch, 30,000 homes in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive electricity transmitted by ice-cold high-performance cables. Other American cities are expected to follow Detroit's example in the years ahead, which could conserve enormous amounts of power.
The new electrical cables at the Frisbie power station in Detroit are revolutionary because they are made of superconductors. A superconductor is a material that transmits electricity with little or no resistance. Resistance is the degree to which a substance resists electric current. All common electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical resistance. They convert at least some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heat. Superconductors don't. No one understands how superconductivity works. It just does.
Making superconductors isn't easy. A superconductor material has to be cooled to an extremely low temperature to lose its resistance. The first superconductors, made more than 50 years ago, had to be cooled to-263 degrees Celsius before they lost their resistance. Newer superconducting materials lose their resistance at -143 degrees Celsius.
The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made of a ceramic material that contains copper, oxygen, bismuth(铋), strontium(锶), and calcium(钙 ). A ceramic is a hard, strong compound made from clay or minerals. The superconducting ceramic has been fashioned into a tape that is wrapped lengthwise around a long tube filled with liquid nitrogen. Liquid nitrogen is supercold and lowers the temperature of the ceramic tape to the point where it conveys electricity with zero resistance.
The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistance. Because cooled superconductors have no resistance, they waste much less power. Other cities are watching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to superconducting cable and conserve power, too.
31. What is the benefit of the revolution mentioned in the first paragraph?
A. With a flip of swish, electricity can be transmitted.
B. Other American cities can benefit from the high-performance cables.
C. Great amounts of power can be conserved.
D. Detroit will first receive electricity transmitted by the new electrical cables.
32. Compared to common electrical conductors, superconductors
A. have little or no electrical resistance.
B. can be used for a long time.
C. are not energy-efficient.
D. can be made easily.
33. At what temperature does the superconducting ceramic lose its resistance?
A. -143 degree Celsius.
B. -263 degree Celsius.
C. As long as it is ice-cold.
D. Absolute zero.
34. What element enables the ceramic tape to lower its temperature?
A. Copper.
B. Liquid nitrogen.
C. Clay.
D. Calcium.
35. According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Other cities hope they can also conserve power.
B. Other cities hope they can use superconducting cables soon.
C. Superconductors waste less power because of their low resistance.
D. The Fribie experiment is not successful.
参考答案
31.C。细节题。题干：第一段中提及的这场革命的好处是什么?利用题干关键词可以定位到第一段的最后一句，尽管A、B、D的内容都在第一段中被提及，但不是这场革命所带来的主要利益。
32.A。细节题。题干：与传统的普通电导体相比，超导体__________。第二段的第二句和第四句提供了明确的答案：超导体几乎没有电阻，而普通导体都有一定的电阻。故选A。
33.A。细节题。题干：在什么温度下，超导体失去电阻?利用题干关键词可以定位到第三段最后一句，由该句可知答案为A。B是50年前第一代超导体的温度数。C和D都不是正确的说法。
34.B。细节题。题干：什么因素使得ceramic tape能降低温度?利用题干关键词可以定位到第四段第四句，由该句可知答案为B。A和D中的copper和calcium是用来制造超导体的陶瓷材料的成分;C中的clay是陶瓷材料的来源。
35.D。细节题。题干：根据最后一段所述，下列说法哪一项是不对的?A、B、C三个选项的信息在最后一段中都提到了，只有选项D的意思没提到，故选D。
part B
Centers of the Great European Cities
The centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition. People gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night. A mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting, metropolitan atmosphere.
Squares, plazas (广场) and arcades (拱廊) form the heart of Europe's cities.
Venice in Italy has the Piazza San Marco -- a beautiful square surrounded by shops, churches,restaurants and cafes. In Barcelona, Spain, La Bosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods. London's Covent Garden is filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians, acrobats ( 杂技演员) and artists by night. The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive. In London, they serve as a beautiful backdrop ( 背景) to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames.
These vibrant (有活力的 ) hearts are the product of centuries of evolution, social historian Joel Garreau told US News and Worm Report recently. "The reason people think Venice is so great today is you don't see all the mistakes." said Garreau. "Those have all been removed." Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car, so bars, restaurants and cafes were near to people's homes. Today, the focus of many Europeans' life has moved away from the centers.
They live in the suburbs and outskirts, driving to supermarkets to get their supplies. But on a continent where people treasure convention, there are still those who hold onto traditional ways,living and shopping locally. These people, together with tourists, provide the city centers with their reason for existence.
Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing. This is particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists. This skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos (浓咖啡) and cigarettes.
Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere. People in Roman Catholic countries used to visit the church on an almost daily basis. "Entire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets, cafes and bars in the surrounding streets. An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Duomo. The huge marble cathedral in Florence, Italy is surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops, and caters not only to the tourist crowds, but also the local community.
36. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in Europe
A. has many large squares.
B. has many very magnificent sky-scrapers.
C. draws tourists in large numbers every year.
D. has a center where tourists meet their spouses.
37. Which statement is NOT true of Covent Garden?
A. It is crowded with people.
B. It is located in London.
C. It is filled with stalls.
D. It is surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafes.
38. Why do people think that Venice is so great?
A. Because it is a famous tourist attraction.
B. Because you can reach anywhere by boat.
C. Because it is well-known for its merchants.
D. Because all the mistakes have been removed.
39. What are Parisians famous for?
A. Their pursuit of independence.
B. Their enthusiasm for conversation.
C. Their ability to keep the city flourishing.
D. Their devotion to developing a multiple culture.
40. The writer cites the Duomo in the last paragraph as an example to illustrate that_________.
A. there is a tight link between church and society.
B. all churches are magnificent.
C. old churches are very popular.
D. high-rise churches are impressive.
参考答案
36.C。推理题。题干：从第一段可以推断出欧洲的每个大城市都__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到文章的第一段，该处对欧洲大城市中心区的共同点作了一个概述。它们是否都有大广场、是否都有许多摩天大楼、是否有让旅游者和自己的配偶见面的中心，这些都没有提到。但文章提到了当地居民和旅游者共同创造了一种令人兴奋的大都市氛围，由此可以推断，这些城市每年都吸引了大量的旅游者。
37.D。细节题。题干：下列有关Covent Garden表述，哪+项是不对的?利用题干关键词或者选项关键词可以定位到第三段中间，该处讲到了位手伦敦的Covent Garden。选项A、B、C的内容在这段都可以找到，但D的内容找不到。
38.D。细节题。题干：为什么人们认为Venice是伟大的?利用题干关键词可以定位到第四段，即社会历史学家Joel Garreau在接受美国一本杂志采访时所说的话：“The reason people think Venice is so great is you don’t see all the mistakes…Those have all been removed.”
39.B。细节题。题干：Parisian以什么而著名?利用题干关键词可以定位到文章的倒数第二段，首先讲了咖啡文化对保持这些城市的活力所具有的重要性，然后说了巴黎正是如此。巴黎市民是出了名的热衷于聊天的(famous enthusiastib conversationalists)，他们喜欢边喝咖啡边聊天。故答案为B。
40.A。细节题。题干：最后一段引用Duomo的例子说明。利用题干关键词可以定位到最后一段第四句，可见作者把the Duomo作为一个例子来说明教会和社会之间的密切关系。
part C
Living on Water
Desperately short of living space and dangerously prone to flooding, the Netherlands plans to start building homes, businesses and even roads on water.
With nearly a third of the country already covered by water and half of its land mass below sea level and constantly under threat from rising waters, the authorities believe that floating communities may well be the future.
Six prototype wooden and aluminum floating houses are already attached to something off Amsterdam, and at least a further 100 are planned on the same estate, called Ijburg.
"Everybody asks why didn't we do this kind of thing before," said Gijsbert Van der Woerdt,director of the firm responsible for promoting the concept. "After Bangladesh we're the most densely populated country in the world. Building space is scarce and government studies show that we'll need to double the space available to us in the coming years to meet all our needs."
Before being placed on the water and moved into position by tugboats (拖船), the houses are built on land atop concrete flat-bottomed boats, which encase giant lumps of polystyrene (聚苯乙烯) reinforced with steel. The flat-bottomed boats are said to be unsinkable and are anchored by underwater cables. The floating roads apply the same technology.
The concept is proving popular with the Dutch. "The waiting list for such homes, which will cost between euros 200,000, 500,000 to buy, runs to 5,000 names," claims Van der Woerdt.
With much of the country given over to market gardening and the intensive cultivation of flowers, planners have also come up with designs for floating greenhouses designed so that the water beneath them irrigates the plants and controls the temperature inside.
A pilot project, covering 50 hectares of flooded land near Amsterdam's Schiphol airport, is planned for 2005.
The opportunities for innovative developers look promising. "We have 10 projects in the pipeline --floating villages and cities complete with offices, shops and restaurants," Van der Woerdt said.
41. The Netherlands plans to start building floating communities on water because
A. most parts of the country are covered by water.
B. the country is constantly threatened by floods.
C. it will promote the cultivation of flowers.
D, people think it better to live on water.
42. By citing "Everyone asks why didn't we do this kind of thing before", the author wants to tell us that
A. building floating communities is a very good idea.
B. the director of the finn didn't want to answer the question.
C. the Netherlands should follow the example of Bangladesh.
D. people are not satisfied with the government's work.
43. The floating houses will be
A. reinforced with steel.
B. made of concrete.
C. constructed in water.
D. built on boats.
44. According to the author, the floating communities on water
A. can promote market gardening.
B. are beyond the reach of most Dutch people.
C. will increase the cost of gardening.
D. will be very popular by the year of 2005.
45. "10 projects in the pipeline" in the last paragraph means
A. 10 pipelines to provide gas.
B. 10 companies to lay the pipelines.
C. 10 floating houses to be built on water.
D. 10 building projects planned and started.
参考答案
41.B。细节题。题干：尼德兰计划建造水上的社区是因为__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到文章的第一句，可知由于生存空间的减少和洪水的威胁，荷兰才决定在水上建造家园、楼房甚至马路。故答案为B。
42.A。词汇题。题干：作者引用“Everyone asks why didn t we do this kind ofthing before”是为了告诉我们。利用题干关键词可以定位到第四段，可以看出作者引用这句话主要是为了说明这是一个好主意。故答案为A。
43.D。细节题。题干：漂浮的社区将__________。利用题干关键词和选项关键词可以定位到第五段的“…me houses are built on land atop concrete flat-bottomed boats…”，可知漂浮的房子建在平底船上。故答案为D。
44.A。细节题。题干：根据短文所述，漂浮在水上的社区__________。利用题干关键词和选项关键词可以定位到倒数第三段，该段告诉我们“水上的漂浮社区将会促进园艺市场”。
故答案为A。
45.D。词汇题。题干：最后一段的“lo projects in the pipeline”的意思是。in the pipeline是一个词组，表示“在进行中”。故答案为D。
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