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2016年职称英语考试概括大意专项练习及解析
以下是应届毕业生小编为各位考生整理的2016年职称英语综合b级概括大意专项练习及解析，同学们在最后冲刺阶段可以拿来练习，当作考前热身。
第一篇
Washoe Learned American Sign Language
(1)An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language.
(2)Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966.
In 1969, the Gardners described Washoe's progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words. For example,Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like, "Who is coming to play?" Once the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed.
(3) However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe's keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners.
He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive.
(4) Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time.
(5)Debate continues about chimps' understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sure-- Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.
23——26概括大意
23. Paragraph 1 __________
24. Paragraph 2__________
25. Paragraph 3 __________
26. Paragraph 4 __________
A. Reason why not many scientists carry out this research nowadays
B. Report about washoe's progress in learning sign language
C. General information about washoe
D. The gardeners' contributions recognized
E. Debate on chimps' intelligence
F. Washoe's love for three young chimps
27——30完成句子
27. Washoe could make signs to communicate __________.
28. Some scientists doubted __________.
29. Washoe taught three younger chimps sign language __________.
30. The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent __________.
A. if the Gardeners' argument was sound
B. because she was cleverer than other chimps
C. when she wanted to eat
D. while she was at a research center in Ellensburg
E. because she could use sign language to ask for fruits
F. while Washoe was learning sign language
第二篇
Hurricanes (龙卷风)
(1)Did you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers. The first names were simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. But in 1953, females names were given because of the unpredictability (不可预知) factor of the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist (性别歧视的) nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and women.
(2)Hurricanes and typhoons ( 台风) are the same things. If they form in the Atlantic, we call these strong storms hurricanes, from the West Indian word hurricane, meaning "big wind." And if they are Pacific storms, they are called typhoons from the Chinese taifun, meaning "great wind." To be classified as a hurricane, the storm must have maximum winds of at least 75 mph. These storms are big, many hundreds of miles in diameter.
(3)Hurricanes get their power from water vapor as it gives out its stored-up energy. All water vapor gives out heat as it condenses (凝结) from a gaseous state to a liquid state over fixed points on the equator (赤道) . To make a hurricane, you must have extremely wet, warm air,the kind of air that can only be found in tropical region.
(4)Scientists have determined that the beat given out in the process of water condensation can be as high as 95 billion kilowatts per hour. In just one day alone, the storm can produce more energy than many industrialized nations need in an entire year! The problem is that we don't know how to make sure such great energy work for us.
(5)Predicting the path of a hurricane is one of the most difficult tasks for forecasters. It moves at a typical speed of 15 mph. But not always. Some storms may race at twice this speed, then suddenly stop and remain in the same location for several days. It can be maddening (发疯的)if you live in a coastal area that may be hit.
(6) The biggest advance in early detection is continuous watch from weather satellites. With these,we can see the storms form and track them fully, from birth to death. While they can still kill people and destroy property, hurricanes will never surprise any nation again.
23——26概括大意
23. Paragraph 1 __________
24. Paragraph 2 __________
25. Paragraph 4 __________
26. Paragraph 5 __________
A. Short history of naming hurricanes
B. Harnessing the hurricane energy
C. Difficulty in forecasting the course of a hurricane
D. Huge energy stored in a hurricane
E. Forecasting a hurricane through satellite watching
F. Different names for the same things
27——30完成句子
27. Both male and female names are used for hurricanes in consideration of__________.
28. Using weather satellites can ensure __________ of hurricanes.
29. Energy specialists may be interested in __________of hurricanes.
30. Scientists cannot accurately predict the course of a hurricane due to__________.
A. the timely (及时的) discovery
B. convenience
C. sex equality
D. its connection with humans
E. the huge power
F. its uncertainty
第三篇
Intelligent Machines
(1) Medical scientists are already putting computer chips (芯片) directly into the brain to help people who have Parkinson's disease, but in what other ways might computer technology be able to help us? Ray Kurzweil is author of the successful book The Age of Intelligent Machines and is one of the world's best computer research scientists. He is researching the possibilities.
(2) Kurzweil gets computers to recognize voices. An example of this is Ramona, the virtual (虚拟的) hostess of Kurzweil's homepage, who is programmed to understand what you say. Visitors to the site can have their conversations with her, and Ramona also dances and sings.
(3) Kurzweil uses this technology to help people with physical disabilities. One of his ideas is a "seeing machine". This will be "like a friend that could describe what is going on in the visible world," he explains. Blind people will use a visual sensor (探测器) which will probably be built into a pair of sunglasses. This sensor will describe to the person everything it sees.
(4) Another idea, which is likely to help deaf people, is the "listening machine". This invention will recognize millions of words and understand any speaker. The listening machine will also be able to translate into other languages, so even people without hearing problems are likely to be interested in using it.
(5) But it is not just about helping people with disabilities. Looking further into the future,Kurzweil sees a time when we will be able to download our entire consciousness onto a computer. This technology probably won't be ready for at least 50 years, but when it arrives, it means our mind will be able to live forever.
23——26概括大意
23. Paragraph 2 __________
24. Paragraph 3 __________
25. Paragraph 4__________
26. Paragraph 5 __________
A. A new pair of ears
B. Computers that can communicate
C. Everlasting consciousness on a computer
D. Time to break off a friendship
E. An author and researcher
F. A new pair of eyes
27——30完成句子
27. Ray Kurzweil works with computers to help people __________.
28. Ramona is able to understand__________.
29. Blind people will be able to see the world with__________.
30. People without hearing problems may also be interested in using __________.
A. what you say
B. a pair of sunglasses
C. the listening machine
D. a visual sensor
E. who have disabilities
F. living forever in a computer
答案与解析
第一篇
23.C。第一段主要介绍黑猩猩Washoe的出生地、死亡年龄、被带到美国学习美式手语等情况。用General Information about Washoe来概括是很准确的。
24.B。第二段的关键句是：“In l969，the Gardners described Washoe’s progress in a scientific report.”随后的句子简略介绍了Washoe的学习情况和结果，如已学会250个单词，并能用手语表达“该吃饭了”等概念。所以选项B是答案。
25.E。第三段介绍了对Gardener夫妇发表的报告的两种不同的解读。一派认为Washoe的手语能力只是机械重复、死记硬背、物质激励的结果，不是智能的表现。另一派认为这是智能的表现，其证据是Washoe还能教三个小猩猩学习手语。争论的焦点是黑猩猩有没有智能。选项E用debate来概括上述争论，很恰当。
26.A。第四段解释了为什么现在从事这项研究的科学家人数不多，部分原因是由于研究周期太长，所以答案为A。
27.C。题干：Washoe能通过手势来交流。利用题干关键词可以定位到第二段第四句，由该句可知答案为C。
28.A。题干：有些科学家怀疑。利用题干关键词可以定位到第三段的上半段说了一些科学家对Gardener夫妇的实验的解读所持怀疑态度。题干中出现的doubted引导我们选A。
29.D。题干：Washoe教三只年幼的黑猩猩手语。利用题干关键词可以定位到第三段的最后两句，即“He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensbur9，Washington.There，Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees，which are still alive.”所以答案为D。
30.E。题干：实验认为Washoe是有逻辑思维能力的。利用题干关键词可以定位到第二段第四句：“She could request foods like apples and bananas.”根据全段意思和上述句子，选择E是正确的。
第二篇
23.A。该段中names反复出现，所以names是文章中的核心词，借助段首句和段末句的句意判断，答案应为A。
24.F。除了选项F以外，其余选项中的核心词，如：hamess，forecast，store，satellite等，在文章中均没有出现。
25.D。该段落中“能量”一词频繁出现，所以该词是该段的中心词，故可以判断答案为B和D的可能性很大。再借助段首句和段末句的句意判断，答案应为D。
26.C。段首句中就出现了“预测”(predicting)和“困难”(difficult)，所以被选项中C和E可能是答案选项，而E中的“卫星”在该段落中根本没有出现，所以C是答案。
27.C。题干：飓风有着男性和女性的名字是考虑到__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到第一段的最后一句“In l979，realizing the sexist(性别歧视的)nature ofsuch names，the lists were expanded to include both men and women.”故判断答案为C(性别平等)。
28.A。题干：使用天气卫星能保证飓风的__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到第六段第二句：“With these.we can see the storms form and track them fully,from birth to death.”所以答案为A。
29.E。题干：能源专家可能对飓风的__________感兴趣。利用题干关键词可以定位到第四段最后两句，由该处提到飓风中包含的能量，可知答案为E。
30.F。题干：科学家们不能准确预测飓风的行程是因为__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到第5段“Predicting the path ofa hurricane is one ofthe most difficult tasks for forecasters.It moves at a typical speed of 15 mph.But not always.”可知答案为F。
第三篇
23.B。文章第二段所举的例子说“她被设置为可以理解你所说的话。网站的访问者可以和她谈话，Ramona也跳舞唱歌”。因此B项“计算机能够交流”概括了本段大意。
24.F。文章第三段主要阐述的是视觉机器，如“这机器像一个朋友一样，能够描述在有形世界里正在发生的事情……该传感器将向佩戴者描述它看到的一切”。因此F项“一双新眼睛”概括了本段大意。
25.A。文章第四段主要阐述的是听觉机器，因此A项“一双新耳朵”概括了本段大意。
26.C。文章第五段主要谈到“我们将能把所有意识下载到电脑里……就意味着我们的头脑能够永远活下去”。因此C项“计算机上永恒的意识”概括了本段大意。
27.E。题干：Ray Kurzweil研究计算机帮助人们__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到文章第三段和第四段提到的“Kurzweil uses this technology to help people with physical disabilities”和“Another idea,which is likely to help deafpeople”。因此E项“有残疾的人”符合文章内容。
28.A。题干：Ramona能够理解__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到文章第二段提到的“who is programmed to understand what you say”。故A项“你所说的话”符合文章内容。
29.C。题干：盲人能够通过__________看到世界。利用题干关键词可以定位到文章第三段提到的“Blind people will use a visual sensor which will probably be built into a pair of sunglasses”，可知C项“一副墨镜”符合文章内容。
30.C。题干：没有听力问题的人也有兴趣使用__________。利用题干关键词可以定位到文章第四段提到的“The listening machine will also be able to translate into other languages.so even people without hearing problems are likely to be interested in using it…”，故C项“听觉机器”符合文章内容。
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