职称英语教材新增文章详解

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职称英语教材新增文章详解

　　专业技术人员资格考试，俗称“职称考试”。中国职称考试始于1990年9月，国家人事部（现为人力资源和社会保障部）为了深化职称改革，建立职称考试制度。小编整理了职称英语教材新增文章详解的内容，一起来看看吧。

职称英语教材新增文章详解

　　Common Questions about Dreams

　　Does everyone dream?

　　Yes. Research shows that we all dream. We have our most vivid dreams during a type of sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is very active. The eyes move quickly back and forth1 under the lids, and the large muscles of the body are relaxed. REM sleep occurs every 90-100 minutes, three to four times a night, and it lasts longer as the night goes on. ___1___ We dream at other times during the night, too, but those dreams are less vivid.

　　Do people remember their dreams?

　　A few people remember their dreams. However, most people forget nearly everything that happened during the night — dreams, thoughts, and the short periods of time when they were awake. ___2___ It seems that the memory of the dream is not totally lost, but for some reason it is very hard to bring it back2. If you want to remember your dream，the best thing to do is to write it down as soon as you wake up.

　　Are dreams in color?

　　Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons ： They don’t usually remember the details of their dreams, or they don’t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives. ___3___

　　Do dreams have meaning?

　　Scientists continue to debate this issue.3 ___4___ Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve problems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideas from dreams.

　　How can I learn to understand my dreams?

　　The most important thing to remember is that your dreams are personal. The people, actions, and situations in your dreams reflect your experience, your thoughts, and your feelings. Some dream experts believe that there are certain types of dreams that many people have，even if they come from different cultures or time periods. Usually, however, the same dream will have different meanings for different people. For example, an elephant in a dream may mean one thing to a zookeeper and something very different to a child whose favorite toy is a stuffed elephant. ___5___ Then look for links between your dreams and what is happening in your daily life. If you think hard and you are patient, perhaps the meaning of your dreams will become clearer to you.

　　词汇：

　　vivid /'vivid/ adj. 清晰的，生动的，逼真的

　　lid /lid/ n. 眼睑(=eyelid)

　　motive /mutiv/n. 动机

　　stuffed /stft/adj. 填充的，塞满了的

　　注释：

　　1. back and forth：来回地，反复地。

　　2. bring it back：回忆起它来。bring back：使回忆起来，带回来、拿回来，使恢复。

　　3. Scientists continue to debate this issue. 科学家们不断地讨论这个问题。“debate”作动词“争论，辩论，讨论”讲，既可以是不及物动词也可以是及物动词，作不及物动词时常与 “about/on/upon” 搭配。

　　练习：

　　A However, people who spend time thinking about their dreams believe that they are meaningful and useful.

　　B The final REM period may last as long as 45 minutes.

　　C People who are very aware of color when they are awake probably notice color more often in their dreams.

　　D Our most powerful dreams don’t happen during deep sleep.

　　E To learn to understand your dreams, think about what each part of the dream means to you or reminds you of.

　　F Sometimes, though, people suddenly remember a dream later in the day or on another day.

　　答案与题解：

　　1. B 文中第一部分主要介绍快速眼动睡眠期，而且前一句正好提到每晚快速眼动睡眠期的间隔时间、出现频率及其持续时间的情况。

　　2. F 题目所在的前一句提到大多数人会忘记晚上所发生的几乎所有事情，而后一句中又提到人们对梦的记忆好像没有完全丢失，由此可以推断出中间这一句应该说的是人有时会记起自己的梦。

　　3. C 文中第三部分提到梦是彩色的，前面主要讲的是人们可能意识不到这个问题以及意识不到的原因，由此可以推断后面应该会提到那些可以意识到这个问题的人。因此，答案为C。

　　4. A 文中第四部分讲的是梦的意义，纵观六个选项与部分主题相关的只有选项A，而且后面主要提到人们会利用梦做些什么，这也就意味着人们会思考他们的梦而且相信梦是有意义的。

　　5. E 由第五部分的标题就可以锁定选项E，而且后一句讲的是要寻找梦与现实的联系，正好与选项E的意思相吻合。

　　第二篇关于梦的常见问题

　　每个人都会做梦吗?

　　是的。研究表明我们都会做梦。在一种叫作快速眼动(REM)的睡眠期里，我们会有最清晰生动的梦。在这种睡眠期里，大脑非常活跃，眼睛在眼睑下面来来回回地快速移动，而且身体的大肌肉会得到放松。快速眼动睡眠期每隔90~100分钟会出现一次，一晚会出现3~4次，而且随着入夜渐深，每次持续的时间也会变长。最后一次快速眼动睡眠期可能会持续长达45分钟。我们在夜晚的其他时间段也会做梦，但是那些梦没有快速眼动睡眠期里的梦清晰生动。

　　人们会记得他们的梦吗?

　　一些人会记得他们的梦。然而，大多数人会忘记晚上所发生的几乎所有的事——梦、思想以及他们醒着时的短暂时光。但是，有时人们会在当天晚些时候或改天突然想起他们的梦。他们对梦的记忆好像并没有完全消失，但出于某种原因却很难回忆起来。如果你想记住自己的梦，最好的办法是一醒来就把它写下来。

　　梦是彩色的吗?

　　大多数梦是彩色的。然而，人们可能不会意识到这一点。这是基于两方面的原因：人们通常不会记住梦的细节，或者因为颜色是我们生活中的自然组成部分，所以不会注意到。那些在醒着的时候意识到颜色的人可能会更经常注意到梦的颜色。

　　梦有意义吗?

　　科学家们不停地讨论这个问题。然而，那些花时间思考他们梦的人相信梦是有意义的、有用的。有些人借助梦更多地了解自己的情感、思想、行为、动机和价值观。其他人发现梦可以帮助自己解决问题。艺术家、作家和科学家也确实经常从梦中获得创作的灵感。

　　我如何学会理解自己的梦?

　　要记得最重要的一点就是梦是个人的。梦里的人、行为以及情景都能反映你的经历、思想以及情感。有些梦境专家认为某些类型的梦是很多人都有的，即使他们来自不同的文化或时期。然而，通常对于不同的人，同一个梦会有不同的意义。比如，做梦梦到大象对于一个动物园管理员来说意味着一回事，而对于一个最喜欢大象毛绒玩具的小孩来说就意味着截然不同的事。为了学会理解自己的梦，首先要思考一下梦的每一部分对你意味着什么或者让你想起了什么。然后寻找梦与日常生活中所发生事情的联系。如果你认真思考而且有耐心，或许你会更清晰地理解梦的意义。

　　Common Questions about Dreams

　　Are dreams in color?

　　Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons: They don’t usually remember the details of their dreams, or they don’t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives. People who are very aware of color when they are awake probably notice color more often in their dreams.

　　Are dreams in color?

　　句子解析：梦是彩色的吗?

　　【第一句】Most dreams are in color.

　　句子解析：in color彩色的

　　参考译文：大多数梦是彩色的。

　　【第二句】However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons: They don’t usually remember the details of their dreams, or they don’t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives.

　　句子解析：主句为people may not be aware of it for two reasons: A or B

　　A：they don’t usually remember the details of their dreams

　　B：they don’t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives.

　　be aware of “意识到...”

　　参考译文：然而，人们可能不会意识到这一点。这是基于两方面的原因：人们通常不会记住梦的细节，或者因为颜色是我们生活中的自然组成部分，所以不会注意到。

　　【第三句】People who are very aware of color when they are awake probably notice color more often in their dreams.

　　句子解析：who引导的定语从句限定people，when引导的是从句里的时间状语。句子主干为：people notice color...

　　参考译文：那些在醒着的时候意识到颜色的人可能会更经常注意到梦的颜色。

　　Do dreams have meaning?

　　Scientists continue to debate this issue. However, people who spend time thinking about their dreams believe that they are meaningful and useful. Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve problems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often get creative ideas from dreams.

　　Do dreams have meaning?

　　梦有意义吗?

　　【第一句】Scientists continue to debate this issue.

　　句子解析：continue to do sth. 继续做某事

　　词汇：debate/dbet / n./v.

　　作动词“争论，辩论，讨论”讲，既可以是不及物动词也可以是及物动词，作不及物动词时常与 “about/ on/upon” 搭配。

　　参考译文：科学家们不停地讨论这个问题。

　　【第二句】However, people who spend time thinking about their dreams believe that they are meaningful and useful.

　　句子解析： who引导的是限定people的定语从句，spend time on sth， spend time (on) doing sth。

　　句子主干为：people believe that...

　　词汇：meaning / mi:ni/ adj.有意义的

　　参考译文：然而，那些花时间思考他们梦的人相信梦是有意义的、有用的。