2016年职称英语理工A考试模拟试题
2016年职称英语考试即将开始，下面百分网小编为大家分享理工A类考试模拟试题，仅供参考!
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～5题，每题l分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 With immense relief. I stopped running.
A some B、enormous C little D extensive
2 The scientists began to accumulate data.
A collect B handle C analyze D investigate
3 Jack eventually overtook the last truck.
A hit. B passed C reached D led
4 Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance.
A possible B profitable C easy D wise
5 The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle.
A fact B mystery C statement D game
6 That guy is really witty.
A smart B ugly C honorable D popular
7 The world champion suffered a sensational defeat.
A reasonable B dramatic C humiliating D horrifying
8 It seems that only Mary is eligible for the job.
A prepared B trained C qualified D guided
9 This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a town in the South.
A praises B writes C imitates D describes
10 The meaning is still obscure.
A vague B transparent C alien D significant
11 Dumped waste might contaminate Water supplies.
A destroy B decrease C delay D pollute
12 One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and Persia.
A assumes B expects C predicts D considers
13 It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules.
A remember B follow C understand D learn
14 I hope that I didn't do anything absurd last night.
A awkward B strange C stupid D awful
15 There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children.
A forbid B advocate C inherit D withdraw
第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22垒题，每题1分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.
Green Roof Research
The concept of green roofs is basically about growing plants on roofs，thus helping to replace the green footprint that had been destroyed due to the construction of the building. Green roofs are the most prevalent(流行)in Germany，which is widely regarded as the leader in green roof research.
The green roofs that are used these days can be classified as 'extensive' and
'intensive' systems. Extensive green roofs use mosses，grasses and herbs，which are tolerant to droughts. These plants do not Reed much maintenance. can be grown in a layer of substrate(土层)that can be as shallow as l.5 inches，and generally are inaccessible to the public. In contrast, a wide range of species of plants are grown on intensive green roofs，such as shrubs(灌木)and even trees，which require deeper substrate layers，and are usually grown on flat roofs. They need intensive maintenance, and are usually areas that resemble parks which are accessible to people.
There are several benefits of adopting green roof technologies. Apart from the obvious psychological and aesthetic(美学的)benefits of garden-like environments surrounding you，some of the common economic and ecological benefits are：a reduction in the consumption of energy;air and water purification;recovering green spaces;and the mitigation(缓解)of the heat island effect in urban areas.
The green roof research that is currently ongoing is focused on evaluating the species of plants that are suitable to be grown on roofs，the methods of propagation(繁殖)as well as establishment，nutrient(养料)and water requirement，substrates，and the quantity and quality of water runoff. The evaluation criteria of plant species are：at what rate they can be established：their capacity to withstand invasive weeds：tolerance of cold and heat: tolerance of drought conditions: capacity of persistence and survival.
A number of experiments are being conducted on roof platform simulations at various research centers. These sites are generally outfitted with equipment，which are used to measure temperatures at different depths of the growing substrates, and the rate and volume of the runoff of stormwaters from each of the platforms.
Green roof technology is representative of a completely new market for landscape contractors. And all roofs that currently exist and the future ones to be constructed are the potential market-a market that is too huge to be overlooked.
16 It is estimated that around 10 percent of the flat roofs in Germany are green.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 German people prefer extensive green roof systems to intensive ones.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18 Small plants like grasses and herbs are grown widely on intensive green roofs.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 Green roof is an ecologically sound strategy of spreading green in urban areas.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 0ne of the benefits of green roofs is the reduction of the heat island effect in cities.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 0ne focus;n the green roof research is the evaluation of suitable plant species.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 Although green roof technology can create a garden-like environment，its potential market is rather small.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题l分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2—5段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
The Supercomputer Network
1 Recently. ten laboratories run by governments in different parts of the world have become linked。Their computers have been connected so they can "talk" to each other. This may not seem Mery dramatic news，but it is the beginning of a development that will increase the power of the Internet tremendously：
2 The Internet is an interconnected(互联)system of networks that, connects computers round the world and facilitates the transmission and exchange of information. The way that you use the internet is by accessing this network. This depends on the power that your system allows you to use. The power of your computer is responsible for how fast you can download(下载)files，how much data you can store，etc. If your computer is old and slow, accessing the information can be very difficult.
3 The new development in information technology has been called "the grid"(网格技术)，and it will be a network of computers that are linked together, The "grid" will work in a different way from the Internet，enabling you to get the power of the biggest computers in the world on your computer. Accessing the information will no longer depend on the power of your computer. The idea is that while you access information, you will also have access to the power of the bigger computer stations.
4 0ne advantage of this revolutionary idea is that geographical location will become irrelevant. The "grid" will decide which are the best parts of a worldwide network to do the lob you want. This means that you may be accessing a computer in Japan to solve a problem in Alaska.
5 The "grid" can be compared to having an efficient personal assistant. You can give your assistant a task and "he" will do it for you. The assistant will do the preliminary research, collect the data. Compare them and decide on the best course of action by accessing any of the computer centres in the "grid" that happen to have the relevant information. All you have to do is assign the task, sit back and wait.
6 At present，possible applications of the "grid" in scientific research are being explored. While it has taken about fifteen years for Internet use to become widespread, experts believe that the "grid" could be up and running for private individuals far more quickly. Scientists working on "grid" Projects are convinced that it will be as widely used as the web in the next ten years.
23 Paragraph 2
24 Paragraph 3
25 Paragraph 4
26 Paragraph 5
A How does the "grid" work?
B Power shared
C Just make a request
D Limitations of present Internet use
E Distance is not a problem
F A new era for the Internet
27 Traditionally the power of your computer determines how fast you can access .
28 The "grid" will enable you to get on your computer the power of in the world。
29 The "grid" would be like ，who can perform your tasks efficiently.
30 It is believed that the widespread use of the "grid" will become possible in the next 。
A the bigger computer stations
B the advantage
C ten years
D information
E your personal assistant
F fifteen years
第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright
Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don’t question. But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce, high- quality resources. The team of researchers from the U. S., England, Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees as they competed for food resources，in an effort to understand what ecological settings would lead a large ape — one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzees — to walk on two legs.
“These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs, "，said Dr. Richmond.
The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource. Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands. Over time，intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong.
Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea. The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto University’s “ outdoor laboratory ” in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest. Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut — the oil palm nut，which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut, which is not. The chimpanzees’ behavior was monitored in three situations:(a) when only oil palm nuts were available,(b)when a small number of coula nuts were available，and(c) when coula nuts were the majority available resource.
When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.
In such high-competition settings，the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movement allowed them to carry more of this precious resource, but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available 一even their mouths.
The second study, by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University, was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding, a situation in which they have to compete for rare and unpredictable Resources. Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.
31. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs? A Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items.
B Chimpanzee’s behaviors may suggest why humans walk on two legs.
C Human walking upright is viewed as an adaptation to carrying precious resources.
D Our ancestors' ecological conditions resembled those of modern-day chimpanzees.
32. Dr. Richmond conducted the experiment with the purpose of finding
A when humans began walking on two legs.
B what made our ancestors walk upright.
C what benefits walking upright brought to our ancestors.
D how walking upright helped chimpanzees monopolize resources.
33. Kyoto, University's study discovered that chimpanzees.
A regarded both types of nut as priced resources.
B preferred oil palm nuts to coula nuts.
C liked coula nuts better than oil palm nuts.
D ignored both types of nut altogether.
34. Why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs during Kyoto University's experiment?
A Because they imitated the human way of walking just for fun.
B Because they wanted to please the researchers to get more coula nuts from them.
C Because they wanted to get to die nut-rich forest faster by walking that way.
D Because they wanted to carry more nuts with two free limbs.
35. What can we infer from the reading passage?
A Chimpanzees are in the same process of evolution as our ancestors were.
B Chimpanzees are similar to humans in many behaviors.
C Walking on two limbs and walking on four limbs each have their advantages.
D Human walking on two legs developed as a means of survival
第二篇
Real-World Robots
When you think of a robot，do you imagine a shiny. metallic device having the same general shape as a human being，performing humanlike functions，and responding to your questions in a monotone(单调的)voice accentuated(强调)by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, but in the real world a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a robot often is a voiceless. Box-shaped machine that efficiently carries out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans. Today's robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one task again and again. A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial intelligence。that is，a robot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence. Such as reasoning，drawing conclusions，and learning from past experience.
A robot does not possess a human shape for the simple reason that a two—legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does. however。move from place to place on wheels and axles(轮轴)that roll and rotate. A robot even has limbs that turn round and move in combination with joints and motors. To find its way in its surroundings，a robot utilizes various built-in sensors. Antennae attached to the robot's base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to shake as it moves on an incline，a gyroscope(陀螺仪)inside it senses the vertical differential. To determine its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object, the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions(障碍物)in its path. These and other sensors constantly feed information to the computer，which then analyzes the information and corrects or adjusts the robot's actions. As science and technology advance，the robot too will progress in its functions and use of artificial intelligence programs.
36 The writer begins the passage by comparing
A the shape of a human being with a box.
B a real 1ife robot with a fictional robot.
C an imaginary machine with a human.
D a robot with a computer program.
37 The word "humanoid" in paragraph 1 means
A lacking human feelings.
B lacking human characteristics.
C lacking human intelligence.
D having a human form and characteristics.
38 According to the first paragraph，artificial intelligence is
A the unnatural way in which robots move.
B a voiceless. box-shaped machine that performs repetitive tasks。
C a sensor that detects troubles in a robot.
D a computer program that imitates human intellectual processes.
39 The last paragraph suggests that future robots will
A be more humanlike in behavior and action.
B surpass human beings in intelligence.
C use a laser to transmit information.
D will perform very complicated household jobs.
40 Another good title for this passage would be
A Robots：Taking the Place of Humans.
B Artificial Intelligence Programs.
C Today's Robots and How They Function.
D Modern-Day Sensors.
第三篇
Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"
Research by the University of Exeter1 has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as "ecosystem engineers" and predators. The study, published in the Journal of Animal Ecology, found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.
Firstly, through moving of soil by nest building2 activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil. This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.
Secondly, they prey on a wide range of other animals, including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers.
Dirk Sanders, an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said:"Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers. They're also very territorial3 and very aggressive, defending their resources and territory against other predators. All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area."
"In this research, we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it. What we found is that despite being predators, their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups4. They genuinely play a key role in the local environment, having a big influence on the grassland food web," Sanders said.
The study, carried out in Germany, studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants, both species which can be found across Europe, including in the UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area, particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers. At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect, showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.
Dr Frank van Veen, another author on the study, said:"What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels, but as the number of ants increases, their predatory impacts have the bigger effect — thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering."
Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass5 but also because they act as ecosystem engineers. Ant biodiversity6 is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact, which obviously reduces its richness. However, it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem. Ants are important in below ground processes8 through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and other soil organisms.
41 .Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?
A Because they build their own nests.
B Because they collect food.
C Because their activity affects the environment.
D Because they are predators.
42. As predators, ants
A prey on small as well as large animals.
B collect nutritious food from the soil
C collect food as decomposers.
D prey on species much higher up the food chain.
43. Dir Sanders' study centered on how ants
A can manage to thrive in huge numbers.
B defend their resources and territory against other predators.
C attack those invading animals for survival.
D produce such a big impact on the environment.
44. What does paragraph 6 tell us?
A Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.
B Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.
C Ants' predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.
D At higher density, ants produce a positive influence on an area.
45. What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph?
A What roles do ants play in the ecosystem in which they live?
B How do ants affect the animal diversity in a given ecosystem?
C How do human activities affect ants' influence on a given ecosystem?
D How do ants alter the physical and chemical environment?
第5部分：补全短文(第46 ～ 50题，每题2分，共10分)
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
What's Lacking in "Sicko"?
When it comes to economic decisions，there are always trade-offs(取舍). Gain one thing and you lose something else. (46)
The central argument of Michael Moore's movie "Sicko" - that the cure to the nation's health care problems is a single-payer system - is hardly novel and is certainly worth consideration，whether or not you agree with it. But in comparing the American system with single, payer plans of other countries - Britain. France，Canada and Cuba - Mr. Moore left out the trade-Offs, characterizing those countries as health care paradises.
(47)
Kurt Loder，the film critic who is best known as the anchor(主持人)of "MTV News," wrote a critique(批评)of the film for MTV's website. " 'Sicko,'" he said， "does a real service" in portraying(描绘)victims of American insurance companies—like the people who died because their only treatment options were considered "experimental" and therefore not covered. (48)
When "governments attempt to regulate the balance between a limited supply of health care and an unlimited demand for it, they're inevitably forced to ration treatment," Mr. Loder asserted. (49)Mr. Loder cited the short film "Dead Meat." which presents anecdotes(轶事)of failure in the Canadian single-payer system. In its one-sidedness, "Dead Meat" might have made for a nice double feature with“Sicko.” and left moviegoers with a more complete understanding of the complications of deciding on a health care system.
(50)
This all makes an otherwise "emotionally compelling film not necessarily an intellectually satisfying one," wrote Darren Barefoot，a Canadian blogger(博客作者).
A Mr. Moore also decided to ignore problems in other countries. 1ike France's high taxes and Britain's cash-short hospitals.
B But the film as a whole，he concluded，is "breathtakingly meretricious(似是而非的)," in large part because of its characterizations of other countries' health care systems.
C The problems have been noticed—and criticism is coming not just from Mr. Moore's detractors(诋毁者).
D He ticked off a number of negative statistics to counter the positive ones offered by Mr. Moore.
E Health care is the prevention, treatment, and management of illness.
F This is particularly true in health care，a market in which scarce(稀罕的)goods are ridiculously expensive，but needed by everybody.
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题l分，共15分)
下面的短文有l5处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light
Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but __51__ now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more __52__ but isn’t a very efficient way to gather heat.
That’s a problem of __53_ . Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower __54__. And it，s also a space problem：photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.
In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a __55__ in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from ThinSilicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen’s University, Canada."
Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon，but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, __56__ known as thin-film silicon. They don’t create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they __57__ much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately，thin-film silicon solar cells are __58__ to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.
“That means that their efficiency __59__ when you expose them to light — pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,” Pearce explains，which is one of the __60__ thin- film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.
However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new __61__ of PVT. You don’t have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact，Pearce’s group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures，near the boiling __62__ of water, they could make thicker cells that largely __63__ the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy __64__ , they also found that by baking the cell once a day，they __65__ the solar cell’s electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.
1. A. unless B. when C. if D. until
2. A. electricity B. magnetism C. ultraviolet D. radioactivity
3. A. dynamics B. geology C. economics D. biology
4. A. reward B. cost C. bill D. pay
5. A. decision B. solution C. suggestion D. qualification
6. A. roughly B. probably C. commonly D. specially
7. A. retrieve B. merge C. exchange D. require
8. A. vulnerable B. necessary C. important D. renewable
9. A. works B. counts C. rises D. drops
10. A. restrictions B. advances C. reasons D. strengths
11. A. size B. shape C. type D. brand
12. A. area B. point C. place D. extent
13. A. overcame B. promoted C. improved D. postponed
14. A. transformer B. adaptor C. transmitter D. collector
15. A. boosted B. defined C. wasted D. lower
【参考答案】
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D l0. A
11. D l2. A l3. B 14. C l5. A 16. C l7. C l8. B l9. A 20. A
21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. E 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. E 30. C
31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. D 36. B 37. D 38. D 39. A 40. C
41. C 42. A 43. D 44. B 45. C 46. F 47. C 48. B 49. D 50. A
51. D 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. B 56. C 57. D 58. A 59. D 60. C
61. C 62. B 63. A 64. D 65. A
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