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2015年职称英语考试《理工类B级》冲刺试题（一）
第一部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上
1 The most prominent characteristics of handwriting are undoubtedly letter formation and slant.
A presumably
B in many cases
C surely
D without bias
2 The cars traveled 200 miles a day.
A came
B covered
C gone
D walked
3 Efficient air service has been madeavailable through modern technology.
A Affluent
B Modern
C Inexpensive
D Effective
4 We will set off after he finishes packing.
A set out
B set back
C set up
D set down
5 Customers are well waited on in this big department store.
A served
B changed
C paid
D treated
6 The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatlyincreased the cost of shipping cargo by water.
A continuously
B quickly
C excessively
D exceptionally
7 The poet William Carlos Williams was a New Jersey physician.
A doctor
B professor
C physicist
D resident;
8 A will is a document written to ensure that the wishes of thedeceased are realized.
A fulfilled
B affiliated
C advocated
D received
9 She was grateful to him for being so good to her.
A helpful
B hateful
C delightful
D thankful
10 Can you account for your absence from the class lastThursday?
A explain
B examine
C excuse
D expand
11 There is a trend towards equal opportunities for men andwomen.
A tide
B tendency
C target
D trail
12 After a bitter struggle the rebels were forced to submit.
A yield
B dedicate
C render
D incline
13 The Victorian speaker was noted for his manual gestures.
A expressive
B physical
C exaggerated
D dubious
14 People from many countries were drawn to the United States bythe growing cities and industries.
A drafted
B transported
C attracted
D ordered
15 Anxiety about financial matter lessened somewhat when, in1910, the United States accepted responsibility for Liberia's survival.
A descended
B faded
C diminished
D highlighted
第二部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
On British Newspapers
Besides the daily newspapers, there are anumber of Sunday newspapers in Britain.Many of them are connected with the “dailies”, though not run by the sameeditor and his members. The Sunday papers are larger than the daily papers andusually contain more articles concerned with comment (评论) and general information rather than news. The national daily andSunday papers have the largest circulation(发行) in theworld. Of the Sunday papers, the Observer and the Sunday Times are the bestknown.
It is a regrettable fact that the number ofmagazines of a literary or political nature has dropped down since the war.This has probably been caused by the ever-wider use of radio and television.The most successful magazines are those published for women. Their covers are designedto catch the eye, and they certainly succeed in doing so! They offer theirreaders articles on cookery (烹饪法), fashion,needlework, and many other matters of women interest. They also provide adviceto those in love, and adventures with handsome heroes. Some women's magazinesalso include serious articles of more general interest.
The visitor who looks at the magazinesdisplayed in a large bookstall (书摊) which may be foundin an important railway station will notice that there is a wide variety oftechnical or semitech-nical(半专业的) books and magazines.There are magazines for the motorist, the farmer, the gardener, the nurse, andmany others.
There are many local and regional newspapers.It is common in Britain for a news agent(报刊经售人) todeliver (投递) the morning papers to his customers for asmall extra payment, this service is usually performed by boys and girls whowant to earn some pocket-money.
16 Some Sunday newspapers may belong to the same publishing company butare no by the same group of people.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
17 It is obvious that daily newspapers carry more information than theSunday papers.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
18 The Observer carries more political articles than The Sunday Times.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
19 The most successful magazines in Britain are those published forwomen,
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
20 In Britain men do not like reading magazines.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
21 Bookstalls only sell technical or semi-technical magazines,
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
22 Many boys and girls deliver morning newspapers to make somepocket-money.
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有项测试任：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Singapore
1 Singapore is an independent city-state in southeastern Asia, consistingof one major island the Singapore Island-and more than50 small islands, located off the southern tip of Mall The city of Singapore,the capital of the country, is at the southeastern end of the Singapore Island,it is one of the most important port cities and commercial centers of SoutheastAsia. The total area of the republic is 640 sq. km.
2 Low-lying Singapore Island has no outstanding relief(轮廓鲜明的) features. A central area of hills rises to the maximum height of 176m. The country has a wet tropical climate,with an average annual temperature of 27.2℃.The average annual rainfall is 2,413 mm;the wettest months ate November through January
3 Singapore is governed under a constitution of 1959, as amended (修正后的). A president, elected to a four-year term, is head of state, and aprime minister is head of government. The president used to be elected byParliament, but by a 1991 constitutional amendment (宪法修正案), the president is now elected directly by the people. TheParliament is the law making body with its 81 members popularly elected.
4 In the late 1980s the country had some 290 primary schools with 278,300pupils and 160 secondary schools with 200,200 students. The main institutionsof higher education are the National University of Singapore (founded in 1980with the combination of two major universities), several technical colleges,and a teachers college.
5 Singapore has one of the highest standards of living of any countryin Asia. In the late 1980s the gross domestic product (GDP) was estimated at $23. 7 billion, or $ 8,870 per person. The fishing industry is centered on theport of During, on southwestern Singapore Island. Industry hasgrown rapidly since the 1960s, and Singapore now produces a diversity (多样化的) of goods, including chemicals, electronic items, clothing, andprocessed foods, etc. Shipbuilding and petroleum refining are also important.
23 Paragraph 2 __________
24 Paragraph 3 __________
25 Paragraph 4 __________
26 Paragraph 5 __________
A Introduction to Singapore
B Education
C Economy
D State System of Singapore
E History of Singapore
F Land and Climate
27 Singapore is an island country in __________.
28 During most time of year in Singapore it is __________.
29 The president is elected directly by the people by a __________.
30 Singapore's economy took off in __________.
A 1959 constitutional amendment
B southeast Asia
C 1960s
D rainy
E 1991 constitutional amendment
F 1980s
第四部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇
Urban Rainforest
On the west side of the island of Manhattan inNew York City, tree by tree, leaf by leaf, a 2,500 square foot sector of the CentralAfrican Republic's Dzanga Ndoki Rainforest has been transported to, orrecreated at, the American Museum of Natural History's new half of biodiversity.When the hall opens this May, visitors will visit one of the world's biggestand most accurate reproduction of one of nature's most threatened creations.
To bring the rainforest to New York, a team ofnearly two dozen scientists--the largest collecting expedition the museum hasever organised for an exhibit--spent five weeks in the African rainforestcollecting soil, plants, and leaves; recording and documenting species; studyingtrees; shooting videotape and still photos; and interviewing local people. “Thisarea has been explored very little,” says Hoel Cracraft who estimates that the museum willeventually collect 150 to 180 mammals, more than 300 species of birds, hundredsof butterflies, and hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of organisms. Theexhibition may even have produced a special prize--scientists suspect they haveuncovered several new species.
To give the forest a sense of realness, theback wall of the exhibit is an enormous video-screen, sounds will come out fromhidden speakers, and plans even call or forest smells. Computer controls willvary the effects so that no two walkthroughs will ever be exactly the same.
After the team returned to New York, the forest was reproduced with thehelp of the computer. Computer modelling programmes plotted distances andspecial relationships. Artists studied photos and brought what they saw to life.Plaster trees were made. Recreated animals began to stand in the rainforest ofthe hall. Flying creatures will hang from the ceiling. The light in the forest-one of the exhibit's cleverest re-creations--will seem real. Longtube lights will have the correct colour and temperature to produce a naturaleffect. The plants and animals exhibited throughout the hall exist naturally ina perfect balance-remove one, and the whole is imperfect if not endangered. Theexhibit is proof to the hope that the world's rain-forests will never existsolely as a carefully preserved artifact.
31 What is this passage mainly about? __________
A The history of the American Museum of Natural History.
B The reproduction of the rainforest at a New York museum.
C Visitors' interest in the rainforest reproduction at a New Yorkmuseum.
D Saving rainforests in the Central African Republic.
32 How did the museum collect the data in the Central African Republic?_____
A It sent a large team of scientists there.
B It cooperated with many African scientists.
C It recruited local people to collect mammals, etc.
D It sent camerament to shoot videotapes.
33 To give the forest a sense of realness, all the following are usedEXCEPT that __________.
A hidden loudspeakers are used to produce forest sound
B a huge videoscreen is put up on the back wall
C special equipment is employed to produce forest smells
D the forest is surrounded by front and back walls
34 What is the main theme of the last paragraph? __________
A The layout of the rainforest exhibition.
B The balance between animals and plants.
C The clever design of lighting.
D Preservation of the rainforest exhibition as an artifact.
35 What does the last sentence of the passage most probably mean?__________
A The rainforest in the Central African Republic will be preservedforever.
B The well-designed exhibit will be preserved as an artifact.
C The exhibit reflects the hope that natural rainforests will he wellpreserved.
D The exhibit of the rainforest in the museum is the sole one in theworld.
第二篇
U.S. Blacks Hard-hit by Cancer
Death rates from cancer tare falling for allAmericans, but black Americans are still more likely to died of cancer thanwhites, the American Cancer Society said Monday.
In a special report on cancer and blacks, theorganization said blacks are usually diagnosed with cancer later than whites,and they are more likely to die of the disease.
This could be because of unequal access tomedical care, because blacks are more likely to have other diseases likediabetes as well, and perhaps because of differences in the biology of thecancer itself, the report added.
“In general, African Americans have lesslikelihood of surviving five years after diagnosis than whites for all cancersites and all stages of diagnosis,” the report said.
“In describing cancer statistics for AfricanAmericans, this report recognizes that socioeconomic disparities and unequalaccess to medical care may underlie many of the differences associated withrace,” the cancer society said blacks should be encouraged to get check-upsearlier, when cancer is more treatable, and it said more research was needed tosee if biological differences play a role.
“The new statistics emphasize the continuingimportance of eliminating these social disparities through public policy andeducation efforts,” the organization said in a statement.
But it also noted a drop in cancer deathrates.
“Cancer death rates in both sexes for allsites combined have declined substantially among African Americans since 1992,as have incidence rates,” says the report.
“Increased efforts to improve economicconditions in combination with education about the relationship of lifestylechoices to cancer could further reduce the burden of cancer among AfricanAmericans.”
About 36 million Americans describe themselvesas black, representing about 12 percent of the population.
36 Black Americans are more likely to die of cancer than __________.
A white people all over the world
B white people in America
C all other Americans
D their ancestors
37 All the following are probably related to higher cancer death ratesamong black Americans EXCEPT __________.
A access to medical care.
B lifestyle choices.
C economic conditions. Percentage of the population.
D percentage of the population.
38 Cancer is more treatable if it is detected __________.
A in an early stage
B together with other diseases
C during checkups
D in elderly people
39 Amore research is needed to see if there is a link betweenbiological differences and __________.
A cancer sites
B stages of diagnosis
C cancer death rates
D socioeconomic disparities
40 Since 1992, cancer incidence rates among black Americans __________.
A have been going up and down
B have remained stable
C have increased
D have fallen
第三篇
Cousteau Remembered
Jacques-Ives Cousteau died in Paris on 26 June, 1997 at the age of 87. Hisinfluence is great. Scientists respected his creative engineering; engineerspraised his science. Cousteau, who claimed to be neither scientist norengineer, contributed significantly to both disciplines—and to many more.
Throughout his adventure-filled life, Cousteauchallenged definitions. Yes, he was a captain in the French Navy, and early on,a filmmaker and natural storyteller. Later, he became a famous ocean explorer,designer of underwater equipment, expedition leader, author, speaker,businessman, environmentalist, teacher and leader of an influential organization(the Cousteau Society).
All who care about the sea—and even those who don't think much about the ocean one way oranother—owe Cousteau a tremendous debt. The knowledgegained as a consequence of his direct contributions, and the strong impact hehad on others, have transformed the way the world thinks about the sea. Hisstories of encounters with sharks and other fish inspired many to go seethemselves. Cousteau pioneered ventures in underwater living in the 1960's: sub-sealabs where scientists submerged for days or weeks-theunderwater labs similar to Skylab or the space station. His films andtelevision programmes won two Academy Rewards, three Emnies, and the hearts andminds of viewers worldwide for decades.
Showered with honours, Cousteau remarkedrecently that he thought his most important accomplishment was to make peopleaware of-and care about-the ocean: Thanks to him, we grew concerned about our growingpopulation and the consequences of over fishing and ocean pollution that threatenthe health of the sea, and we were inspired to do something to improve the waythings are done.
We shared the sad feeling with Cousteau whenSimone, his wife and partner for many years, died and when his son Phillippewas killed in a plane crash. We shared his joy when Jean-Michel, his eldestson, became an explorer and a spokesman for the sea in his own right. We werehappy for Cousteau when he began a new family with his second wife, Fracine.And now that his voice of the ocean is silenced, we feel very sad.
41 According to the passage, Cousteau's influence is great because he__________.
A was both a scientist and an engineer
B invented Skylab
C made contributions to science and engineering
D was a captain in the French Navy
42 From the second paragraph, we know that __________.
A Cousteau did not like any scientific definitions
B Cousteau wrote many adventure-filled stories
C Cousteau's main job was protecting environment
D Cousteau's contributions were not limited to science and engineering
43 Of all the careers he followed, his main concern was concentrated on_________.
A building the sub-water labs
B ocean and ocean pollution
C making films and television programmes
D writing encounters with sea animals, such as sharks
44 What debt do we owe Cousteau according to Paragraphs 3 and 4?__________
A His work has made us realize we should improve the way things aredone.
B His contributions have pushed science toward a higher stage ofdevelopment.
C His invention of sub-sea labs has made ocean exploration easier.
D His adventures have made people go and see the sea.
45 Which of the following statement about Cousteau's family life is NOTtrue? _________
A His second wife died some time ago.
B His son Philippe was killed in a plane crash.
C His first wife died before Cousteau.
D His elder son became the spokesman for the sea.
第五部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
How to Jump Queue Fury
If you find yourself waiting in a long queueat an airport or bus terminus this holiday, will you try to analyze what it isabout queuing that makes you angry? Or will you just get angry with the nearestofficial?
Professor Richard Larson, an electricalengineer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, hates queuing but ratherthan tear his hair out, he decided to study the subject. 46. He cites anexperiment at Houstonairport where passengers had to walk for one minute from the plane to thebaggage reclaim and then wait a further seven minutes to collect their luggage.Complaints were frequent, especially from those who had spent seven minutes watchingpassengers with just hand baggage get out immediately.
The airport authorities decided to lengthenthe walk from the aircraft, so that instead of a one-minute fast walk, thepassengers spent six minutes walking 47 The extra walk extended thedelay by five minutes for those carrying only hand baggage, but passenger complaintsdropped almost to zero.
The reason? Larson suggests that it all has todo with what he calls “social justice”. If people see others taking a shortcut, they will find the wait unbearable. 48
Another aspect Larson studied was theobservation that people get more fed up if they are not told what is going on. 49
But even knowing how long we have to waitisn't the whole answer. We must also believe that everything is being done tominimize our delay. Larson cites the example of two neighboring American banks.One was highly computerized and served a customer, on average, every 30 seconds.50.But because the tellers at the second bank looked extremely busy, customersbelieved the service was faster and many transferred their accounts to theslower bank. Ultimately, the latter had to introduce time-wasting ways ofappearing more dynamic.
A So in the case of the airport, it was preferable to delay everyone.
B The other bank was less automated and took twice as long.
C When they finally arrived at the baggage reclaim, the delay was thenonly two minutes.
D His first finding, which backs up earlier work at the US NationalScience Foundation, was that the degree of annoyance was not directly relatedto the time.
E It's unbearable for the airport to delay everyone.
F Passengers told that there will be a half-hour delay are lessunhappy than those left waiting even twenty minutes without an explanation.
第六部分：完型填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共l5分)
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Man and Computer
What makes people different from computerprograms? What is the missing element that our theories don't yet 51 for?The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories 52 a reason to learn more about what they areinterested in. Computers, on the other hand, don't. In fact, computers don't 53 have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find outwhen they read. If a computer 54 is to be a model of story understanding,it should also read for a “purpose”.
Of course, people have several goals that donot make 55 to attribute to computers. One might read a restaurant guidein order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to 56 a good place to go for a businesslunch. Computers do not 57, and computers do not have business lunches.
However, these physiological and social goalsgive 58 to several intellectual or cognitive(认知的) goals. A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find 59 about the name of a restaurant which serves the desired type of food, howexpensive the restaurant is, the 60 of the restaurant, etc. These aregoals to 61information or knowledge, what we are calling 62 goals. These goals can be held by computers too a computer might “want” to findout the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so 63 the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not 64 out ofhunger in the case of the computer, it might 65 rise out of the “goal”to learn more about restaurants,
51 A express
B explain
C account
D count
52 A upon
B with
C of
D for
53 A once
B even
C ever
D often
54 A program
B instruction
C system
D function
55 A success
B sense
C scene
D point
56 A find
B search
C look
D watch
57 A tired
B hungry
C damaged
D broken
58 A way
B play
C rise
D birth
59 A place
B food
C reference
D information
60 A district
B location
C region
D direction
61 A acquire
B ask
C require
D consult
62 A understanding
B learning
C knowledge
D awareness
63 A as
B on
C by
D in
64 A arise
B rise
C consent
D derive
65 A probably
B almost
C well
D likely
参考答案
1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.D 10.A
11.B 12.A 13.B 14.C 15.C 16.A 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.C
21.B 22.A 23.F 24.D 25.B 26.C 27.B 28.D 29.E 30.C
31.B 32.A 33.D 34.A 35.C 36.B 37.D 38.A 39.C 40.D
41.C 42.D 43.B 44.A 45.A 46.D 47.C 48.A 49.F 50.B
51.C 52.D 53.B 54.A 55.B 56.A 57.B 58.C 59.D 60.B
61.A 62.B 63.D 64.A 65.C
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