2015年职称英语（理工类）冲刺试卷带答案
第四部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择l个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇
Motoring Technology
1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year, plus a further 50 million injuries. To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuels-though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster.
Travelling at speed has always been risky. One cutting edge area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in--car assistants. They can ensure you don't miss crucial road signs or fall asleep. The use of artificial intelligence software allows these assistants to monitor your driving and makes sure your phone or radio doesn't distract you at a vital moment. Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults.
Some safety developments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstacles in fog, while other technology “sees through” high-sided vehicles blocking your view.
And improvements to seat belts, pedal controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape.
And alternatives to fossil-fuel based petrol, such as plant oils, are a hot area of research. Fuel cells based on hydrogen burn cleanly, and are the subject of a serious research effort.
But whatever is in the fuel tank, you don't want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations, some using satellite tracking and remote communications, to fight against car theft. These communication systems can also come into play if you crash, automatically calling for help.
Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road. Such jams can be analysed using statistical tools. Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyone's personal chauffeur, but their latest efforts suggest that won't be soon.
3l What are researchers interested in doing as the road accidents worldwide increase to a shocking rate? _________
A They are developing faster electric vehicles.
B They are analyzing road deaths occurring worldwide every year.
C They focus their research on safety and new fuels.
D They are designing fully automatic cars.
32 According to the second paragraph, most road accidents happen _________
A because drivers fall asleep
B because drivers make mistakes
C because of engine failure
D because of speeding
33 Which of the safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage? _________
A Radars that can help drivers to see obstacles in fog.
B Devices that can help drivers to see through big vehicles.
C Improvements in seat belts, pedal controls and tyres.
D Windscreens that can help drivers to improve their vision.
34 What is NOT the purpose of innovations that use satellite tracking and remote communications? _________
A To prevent car thieves from getting into your car.
B To call for help when one's car crashes.
C To call for help when the car gets jammed in the traffic.
D To track the car down when it is being stolen.
35 What is true of robotic drivers? _________
A It will take some time before robotic drivers can be put to practical use.
B Robotic drivers are not allowed to drive on busy roads.
C Robotic drivers can never replace human drivers.
D Robotic drives are too expensive to use.
第二篇
How to Forgive
To forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your grudge. But forgiveness is possible-and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. “People who forgive show less depression, anger and stress and more hopefulness,”says Frederic luskin, Ph. D., author of Forgive for Good (Harper Collins, 2002). “So it can help save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and allow people to feel more vital.”
So how do you start the healing? Try following these steps: Calm yourself. To defuse your anger, try a simple stress-management technique. “Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love,” laskin says. Don't wait for an apology. “Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologizing,” luskin says. “They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way. So if you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.” Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action. Take the control away from your offender. Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. “Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you,” luskin says. Try to see things from the other person's perspective. If you empathize with that person, you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear-even love. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of view. Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. Research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns. Don't forget to forgive yourself. “ For people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge,” luskin says. “ But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don't.”
36 According to the passage, which of the following statements of forgiveness is NOT true? _________
A Forgiveness is easy.
B Forgiveness is possible.
C Forgiveness can benefit your physical and mental health.
D Forgiveness is great.
37 The underlined word “grudge” (Para. l) most probably means“_________”.
A understanding
B forgiveness
C anger
D jealousy
38 “Take a couple of breaths and think of... someone you love” is a good way to _________.
A take the control away from your offender
B see things from the other person's perspective
C recognize the benefits of forgiveness
D calm yourself
39 According to luskin, you should not wait for an apology. There are several reasons EXCEPT that _________.
A the person who hurt you may have no intention of apologizing
B forgiveness means reconciliation with the person who hurt you
C the person who hurt you may have wanted to hurt you
D people just don't see things the same way
40 What is the biggest challenge? _________
A To have better appetite and better sleep when you are hurt by others.
B To stop replaying your hurt.
C To remember to forgive yourself.
D To write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of view.
第三篇
Hawaii
Hawaii's native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelago's political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the Second World War and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea.
The islands were annexed by the US in l898 and since then Hawaii's native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the state's homeless, suffer levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.
But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii's first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives' cause a major boost be recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.
However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy with the state--as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in l978 to represent to natives' interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious in the Ka lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in l987 and wants full, official independence from the US.
But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.
Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In l933, the state government paid the OHA US $l36 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.
4l Hawaii's native minority refers to _________.
A people of Filipino origin
B the Ka lahui group
C people with 50% Hawaiian blood
D Hawaii's ethnic groups
42 Which of the following statement is true of the Hawaiian natives? _________
A They are the only native group without sovereignty.
B Their life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.
C Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.
D Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.
43 Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee? _________
A He suggested that the native people decide for themselves.
B He is leading the local independence movement.
C He is Hawaii's first native governor.
D He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.
44 Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty? _________
A The Hawaiian natives.
B American Indian natives.
C Office of Hawaiian Affairs.
D The Ka lahui group.
45 Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT _________.
A more back rent on the crown land
B full independence from the US
C a greater autonomy within the state
D a claim on the Hawaiian crown land